Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs - 图文

2019-08-17 11:51

Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs

Answers of Questions Chapter 1

1-1. Please classify the power semiconductor discrete devices.

A: power rectifiers and power switches. 功率整流器和功率开关 1-2. Please list the name of popular power switch.

A: power MOSFET, power BJT, IGBT, etc. 功率MOS管,功率BJT管,IGBT等 1-3. Define the ideal power semiconductor device.

A: It must be able to control the flow of power to loads with ZERO power dissipation. 零功耗(包括导通损耗,关断损耗,开关损耗,均为零) 1-4. Drawing out the switching waveform of ideal power switch.

A:

1-5. List the device name you known that has the normally-off performance.

A: Normally-off: BJT, Enhancement MOSFET, VDMOS, Trench MOS, IGBT,

Normally-on: JFET, Depletion MOSFET. 1-6. Which is preferable for normal system, normally-on device or normally-off? Give the reason.

A: For normal system, normally-off device is preferable as it has the power dissipation lower than normally-on device’s.

常关器件更好。因为开通功耗(有电流)大于关断功耗(近似无电流),所以常关器件比常开器件具有更低功耗。

1-7. List the international semiconductor company name you know that products the power semiconductor

devices. By Yardeni 05/2015 Page 1 Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs

A: TI, Onsemi, Freescale, Fairchild, ST, Infineon, NXP, Vishay, ADI, Maxim, ROHM 1-8. List the special points of power semiconductor devices comparing with the digital semiconductor devices.

A: higher voltage and larger current, bigger/special process technology, longer life cycle. 功率器件通常应用在高压、大电流环境,大线宽、特殊工艺,生命周期长。 数字器件通常应用在低压、小电流环境,小线宽、标准工艺,生命周期短。

Chapter 2

2-1. what is meant by impact ionization coefficient of hole(electron)?

耗尽区内,一个空穴(电子)在电场作用下,通过1cm的长度上产生的电子-空穴对的数目,定义为空穴(电子)的碰撞电离系数?p(?n)。 2-2. what is a plane junction?

平行平面结是一维二极管,理想PN结,具有一维性质的电场。

2-3. define the punch-through diode structure.

PiN二极管,反向耐压最大时i区全耗尽,称为穿通型二极管结构。

2-4. why does the impact ionization coefficient increase with the increasing of the electric field and it decrease

with the increasing of temperature?

碰撞电离系数是电场的强函数?p(?n)∝E7,电场增加碰撞电离系数增大;随着温度升高,晶格振动加剧,载流子更容易与晶格碰撞失去能量,产生的电子-空穴数目减少,所以温度升高碰撞电离系数减小。

xd2-5. ?dx?1

0?一个电子(空穴)在耗尽区内与晶格原子发生碰撞,产生一个电子-空穴对,器件即发生雪崩击穿,

2-6. Which structure has the largest breakdown voltage under the same junction depth: plane junction,

cylindrical junction and spherical junction? Why?

平行平面结具有最大BV。

圆柱结(二维场)和球面结(三维场)因为曲率的存在,电场集中,更易击穿。 By Yardeni 05/2015 Page 2 Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs

E(圆柱)=√Ex2+Ey2 E(球面)=√Ex2+Ey2+Ez2

2-7. Explain the effect of the oxide charger on the breakdown voltage in the field plate design.

氧化层电荷是正电荷,浓度在1010~1012/cm2 。由于额外正电荷的引入,对N+P结,耗尽层边缘会展宽,器件的BV增加;相对P+N结则产生负作用,耗尽层缩小,器件BV降低。

Chapter 3

3-1. Define the high-level injection

所谓大注入,即注入半导体中的非平衡少子浓度接近或者超过平衡时多子的浓度。

3-2. Define the conductivity modulation

PiN二极管,正向导通时,对i区,P+注入大量空穴,N+注入大量电子,电子-空穴对浓度可以从1014上升到1018,电导率急速上升,这叫电导调制效应。其可使PiN二极管承担小压降,大电流。

3-3/4. Drawing out the structure of JBS/MPS and describing its operation mechanism.

图见page 97/98,(注意JBS漂移区比MPS要薄)

JBS,采用肖特基势垒低的金属与半导体结合;正向时,PN结不导通,只有电子参与导电,开关速度快;反向时,PN结耗尽区随电压升高展宽,最终连成一体,隔离肖特基势垒,其耐压由PN结来承受,泄漏电流小,由于漂移区比MPS薄,BV比MPS低。

MPS,正向电压<0.5V时,PN结不导通,工作类似于肖特基二极管。正向电压>0.6V时,PN结导通,空穴注入漂移区,产生电导调制效应,压降小电流大,由于电子空穴都参与导电,开关速度低于JBS;反向耐压机制与JBS一样,但由于漂移区更厚,BV较JBS高。

3-5. What is the overshoot of the power PiN rectifiers

对PiN管,开启时如果电流变化过快(di/dt较大),其正向压降开始时会超过在稳态时传输相同电流的压降,此现象叫功率PiN管的电压过冲。因为此时i区没有完全被电导调制,电阻还很大,则产生较大压降。

By Yardeni 05/2015 Page 3 Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs

3-6. Explain why the Si Schottky diode cannot operate at high-voltage condition?

硅基肖特基二极管是多子器件,无空穴参与导电,反向时N-承担耐压;无电导调制效应,正向导通时

N-区电阻很大;根据Ron.sp∝BV22.5,电压升高导通电阻(导通损耗)急剧上升。所以SBD一般应用<600V。

3-7. which structure has the higher leakage current ,Schottky diode or PiN diode?Why?

肖特基二极管泄漏电流更大。

PiN泄漏电流由2部分组成,空间电荷区的产生电流,中性区P+和N+少子的扩散电流。 SBD泄漏电流除了同PiN的相似的2部分,还有金半接触带来的热电子发射电流,并且后者比前2者大得多。

Chapter 4

4-1. What is the meant by reach through breakdown (or punch through breakdown)?

随着BC结反偏电压增加,BC结耗尽层展宽并接触到BE结耗尽层的时候,BE结势垒变低,发射极电子可以越过更低的一个势垒,被反偏BC结电场抽走,此现象叫穿通击穿。

4-2. What is the meant by BVCBO and BVCEO?

BVCBO,开发射极击穿电压;发射极开路,集电极与基极之间的击穿电压。 BVCEO,开基极击穿电压;基极开路,集电极与发射极之间的击穿电压。

4-3. The collector efficiency under what condition is much larger than unit?

当CB结的偏置电压可以和雪崩击穿电压相比拟的时候,集电极效率远大于1.

4-4. Why does the power BJT can operate at high-level current when it locates at its saturation region? BJT在饱和区的时候VBE>0,VBC>0,VCE很小;BC结正偏,相当于PN-N+二极管工作在正偏情况下,发生大注入现象(电导调制效应),电阻降低,所以在饱和区可以传导大电流。

By Yardeni 05/2015 Page 4 Power Semiconductor Devices and Smart Power ICs

4-5. what should be carefully considered when you design the base of the power BJT?

1,掺杂不能太淡或者基区不能太薄,否则容易发生穿通击穿 2,掺杂很高或者基区很厚,增益太低,需要更大控制电流IB 所以需要一个折中。

4-6. why ICEO>ICBO?

ICBO是二极管泄漏电流,ICEO会被BJT放大,有公式ICEO=(1+?)ICBO, 所以ICEO>ICBO。

4-7. explain the reason of the high voltage BJT usually has low current gain.

高压BJT的基区掺杂浓度比较高,厚度比较厚,防止穿通击穿,所以增益低。

4-8. explain the reason that the high voltage BJT usually has long collection drift region.

因为集电极承担高压,所以高压BJT设计一个长的轻掺杂的集电漂移区来阻断高压。 Chapter 5

5-1. What is meant by thyristor?

晶闸管是一个四层三结PNPN结构,有三极(阳极,阴极和门极),脉冲触发器件;具有开态低阻抗高导通电流,关态高阻抗低泄漏电流特性;应用于高电压(可至12kV),大电流(可至8kA)环境。

5-2. What is meant by holding current of the thyristor?

晶闸管维持电流(阳极到阴极),大于则导通,小于则阻断。

5-3. What is meant by dV/dt rating of the thyristor?

晶闸管正常工作要求dV/dt有一个范围,如果阳极电压变化过快,dV/dt超出这个范围,即使没有门极触发电流,也有可能通过位移电流[Jc=CJ(dV/dt)]使晶闸管误开启。Jc--位移电流,CJ--PN结势垒电容。

By Yardeni 05/2015 Page 5


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