毕 业 设 计
设计（论文）题目：灌装机拨瓶机构机械设计
及其驱动系统设计
姓 名： 黄玉光 专 业： 机电一体化 指导教师：
2010年01月12日
摘要
现在，随着人们物质生活水平的提高，对产品的包装质量也相应提高，需要能够完成液体灌装、封口等一系列全自动化机械操作的液体灌装生产线，这样的灌装生产线在国内制药、保健食品以及酒类等包装行业方面有大量的需求。 现在主要靠进口来满足设备要求，目前进口一台全自动液体灌装生产线需400万元人民币。这极大的浪费了我们的人力、物力和财力，严重浪费外汇储备。 而且，我国现在生产的灌装设备还主要是应用在酒类、饮料类的灌装上，适用于药液灌装的设备还不多，并且各个生产厂家的灌装机在灌装能力、效率、适宜瓶型及自动化程度等方面各有优缺点。 同时，现有的灌装机由于灌装头不可调节，灌装单一，灌装头只能对一种品种的瓶子进行灌装，更换瓶子时调整比较困难，无法对不同高度瓶子实现快速调整后进行灌装；灌装时，液体与橡胶密封圈直接接触，磨损的密封圈细末与被灌装的液体混合，无法达到医药的GMP标准。 结合国内液体灌装的实际情况，在参照国外全自动液体灌装机先进机型的基础上，设计并制造了新型全自动液体灌装生产线。该生产线(包括全自动理瓶机、全自动灌装机、全自动旋盖机)控制系统采用PLC自动控制，确保各工位监控和同步自动化操作。其灌装头的内、外导管焊接连在一起，不用密封圈，防止密封圈磨损后污染药液；连接内外导管的端头孔有0.5×18.5°内倒角，使灌装后出口处的微量遗留药液回流，更进一步保证灌装后不滴液。安全系统满足国家生产安全标准。设备适应性强，故障率低，维修方便，并符合国家医药GMP规范的要求。 生产实践表明，该生产线上的灌装机不滴液、不漏液，清洗、消毒方便，灌量正确，一机多用，自开发以来，获得用户广泛好评。
ABSTRACT
At preset, the demand for packing quality is increasingly enhanced as the people\standard of living is improving, which urgently requires a full-roboticized producing line that can carry out the operations such as liquid filling, sealing and so on. The domestic demand for such a producing line is huge in medecine, health-care food, and alcohol industries. Currently, such producing line mainly depend on importation from abroad, moreover, the outlay needed to import such a producing line reach to 4,000,000 RMB, which greatly chuck away our manprower, material power, and resource, as well as foreign currency storage. On the other hand, the filling equipment made in mainland are mostly used in alcohol and soft drink industries, which are not the same with the medecin liquid filling, in addition, the producing line made by different factoris remarkedly differ from one another in filling capability, efficiency, bottle-form adaptation and robotization level. At the same time, the inalterable regulation and bottle-form adaptation of the existing filling tap on the producing line, the filling singleness, the adjustment difficulties in replacing bottle, bottle-tallness adaptation, the touch between liquid and rubber airproof loop which possiblely result in the mixture of scraps from the loop and the liquid filled, cannot reach to the GMP standards in medecine. Considering the exsiting instances of filling equimpment in our country, referring to the advanced filling equipment from abroad, we have designed and developed the new type of full-automatism filling equipment which is characterized by the following: PLC auto-control which insures the supervising and auto-operation of each work post; the inside and outside pipe of filling tap are sealed together instead of airproof loop which protect the medecine liquid from pollution; there is a inner converse angle of 0.5×18.5°in the joint- end hole which protect the circumfluence from the rudimental medecine liquid after filling, this further eliminate the liquid droping; the safty system meets the national safty standards, the adaption of the equipment is high and malfunction rate is low, moreover, maintaining is
convenient. Autoptic results prove that the producing line possesses the features of un-droping, un-leaking, convenient cleaing and disinfecting, accurate filling quantity, multi-purpose, which have gotten high evaluetion by user since the development.
目录
前言..............................................................................................错误！未定义书签。 1．灌装机简介.............................................................................................................. 2
1.1灌装机的结构及其工作原理简介................................................................... 2 1.2灌装机驱动系统的概况................................................................................... 2 1.3本课题的主要研究内容................................................................................... 3 2．灌装机转台系统设计.............................................................................................. 4
2.1灌装机传动方案的拟订................................................................................... 4 2.2灌装机转台系统材料的选择........................................................................... 5 2.3转台系统零件的计算和选择........................................................................... 5
2.3.1齿轮的设计............................................................................................. 6 2.3.2芯轴的设计计算..................................................................................... 8 2.3.3轴承的选择............................................................................................. 9
3．变频器调速系统设计............................................................................................ 10
3.1调速的意义..................................................................................................... 22 3. 2调速系统的选择 ............................................................................................ 22
3. 2.1变频器的调速原理 ............................................................................. 11 3.2.2输入与显示部分设计........................................................................... 13 3.2.3信号采集与处理部分设计................................................................... 27
3.2.4强电控制的电路设计 15
3.2.5变频器的选择 ...................................................................................... 16 3.3单片机的选用................................................................................................. 19 4．系统机电参数计算和电动机的选型.................................................................... 21 4.1三相异步电动机的结构与工作原理 21
4. 1.1三相异步电动机的组成....................................................................... 21 4. 1.2三相异步电动机的转动原理............................................................... 21 4.1.3三相异步电动机的运行性能................................................................ 24 4.2三相异步电动机的选型 ................................................................................. 26