选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 3.表示惊讶,赞叹，不满，责备 ―竟然‖
I am sorry that you should do such a thing.
4. 用于if引导的虚拟条件句中，表示一件事听起来可能性小，但也不是完全不可能。有―万一‖的意思
Should I be free tomorrow, I‘ll come Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him. shall 1. shall 作为情态动词，用于第二、第三人称，陈述句，表示说话人的意愿，有―命令‖、―警告‖、―威胁‖、―强制‖、―允诺‖等意思。―必须，应，可以‖．
? You shall do as I say. （命令）
? Tell him that he shall have the book tomorrow. （允诺） ?
You shall be punished if you break the law. (表警告)
2. 用于第一、第三人称, 在疑问句中，shall 用来征询对方意见。“……好吗？”“要不要……？”
? Where shall I wait for you? ? Shall he come at once? ?
Shall we start the meeting now?
3.在条约﹑规定﹑法令等文件中表示义务或规定，用于第三人称 The new regulation shall take effect on June 1st E. will 和 would will (1) will 表示―意志‖、‖决心‖ 、―意愿‖，可用于多种人称。will 指现在，would 指过去。
? I will tell you all about it. ?
He won‘t go.
(2) will 在疑问句中用语第二人称时，表示询问对方的意愿或向对方提出请求.委婉语气would
? I‘m going to go shopping after school. Will you go with me? ?
Will you please give him a message when you see him?
(3) 表示习惯动作，有―总是‖、―惯于‖的意思。过去式would He‘ll talk for hours if you give him the chance. (4) 表示功能，―能‖
The door won‘t open. / The car won‘t start. (5)用于叙述真理,客观规律时“会”
Oil will float on water. / Fish will die without water.
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选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 would
(1) Would是will的过去式，表示过去时间的―意愿‖、―愿望‖，用于多种人称。
? ?
They said that they would help us. I promised that I would do my best.
(2) 表示说话人的意愿或向对方提出请求，语气比will 委婉。指的是现在时间。
? ? ? ?
Would you like some bananas? I‘d like to see your new bicycle.
--- Would you like to see a film? --- Yes, I‘d like to. --- Thanks. I‘m afraid not. / I‘m afraid I won‘t be able to.
(3) 表示过去的习惯动作。
? ?
She would sit like that for hours.
Everyday she would get up at six o‘clock and light the fire.
☆would和used to区别：Would ―过去常常‖可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以，不能说：She would be a quiet girl. Used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含“现在已不复如此”之意，动作或状态都可表示．She used to be a girl.
When young, he would go out for a trip on Sundays. (Now maybe still does)
?
When young, he used to go out for a trip. (But now he doesn‘t)
Near the village, there _____ be a stream. （B） A. would B. used to F. need 和 dare
1. need 表示―需要‖、―必须‖。通常用在否定句或疑问句中。
? ?
He needn‘t pay for it.
--- Need you go now? --- Yes, I must. --- No, I needn‘t.
2. dare 表示―敢‖。通常用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句和if/whether 引出的宾语从句中。
? ? ?
How dare you say I‘m unfair? She dare not do so.
He asked me if I dared speak English in public.
☆ need 和 dare 也可用作行为动词，变化与一般动词相同
? ?
She didn‘t need to go.
--- Who dares to go? - -- I don‘t dare (to) go.
☆ I dare say …作插入语,我想, 大概, 可能, 或许
选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库
选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 ☆ ―needn?t + have done‖ 表示过去做了没必要做的事情。 You needn't have taken it seriously.
这件事情你不必太认真。 G. had better/ had best ―最好‖，如： — We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we'd better / we had better).
Hadn't we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?) I think I'd better be going. （用于进行时态，表―最好立即‖） You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用 Ⅵ 情态动词+ have done
must have done,―一定做过/一定已经．．．‖，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句 may/might have done 也许做过某事 may/ might not have done 也许没做过某事(之用肯、否) might have done 本来可以做某事却没做
can与have done 连用时, 为否定句或疑问句,对过去的推测“不可能，一定没做过某事” could have done本来可以做某事却没做
needn‘t have done 表示‖本来不必做(却做了)‖而needn‘t do 则表示‖不必做(也没做)‖ ought to /should have done 表示‖本来应当做的却没做‖ oughtn‘t / shouldn‘t have done 本来不应该做某事却做了
would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气
would rather have done 表示‖当时宁愿做了某事‖，否定形式：would rather not have done
e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you.
would like/love to have done 表示‖ 本想做某事‖ 而实际上未做。
情态动词+be doing 表示根据推测，现在正在进行或可能正在进行的动作。 Eg. His mother must be waiting at the school gate. 情态动词+be done 表示现在或将要发生的被动的动作。 Men must not be judged by their looks.
情态动词+have been done 表示对过去已经发生的被动动作的猜测，有时含有指责，抱怨等不满的情绪。 I can‘t find my recorder . it may have been taken away by someone.
情态动词+have been doing 表示根据猜测，从过去到现在一直在进行的动作，具有“应该一直在??”或“想必一直在??”等意思。
选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库
选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 They may have been discussing the problem this morning .
( ) 1. You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not ( ) 3. I wish I ___you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see ( ) 4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been ( ) 5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented ( ) 6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give ( ) 7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb ( ) 8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be ( ) 9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn‘t C. may not D. might not ( ) 10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would ( )11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study ( ) 12. — Could I borrow your dictionary? — Yes, of course you _____. A. might B. will C. can D. should ( ) 13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
( ) 14.If he _____, he _____ that food.— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken ( ) 15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn‘t very sure yet.
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选校网 www.xuanxiao.com 高考频道 专业大全 历年分数线 上万张大学图片 大学视频 院校库 A. must B. may C. can D. will ( ) 16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
( ) 17. I didn‘t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come ( ) 18. — Shall I tell John about it?— No, you _____. I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t ( ) 19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken ( ) 20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can 典型例题
1、The teacher __________ have thought Johnson was worth it or she wouldn‘t have wasted time on him, I suppose. A. should B. can C. would D. must 2、30. –May I smoke here?
- If you ____, choose a seat in the smoking section. A. should B. could C. may D. must
3、__________ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off. A. Would you be B. Should you be C. Could you be D. Might you be 4、-- Must he come to sign this paper himself? -- Yes, he .
A. need B. must C. may D. will 5、As you worked late yesterday, you_________ have come this morning. A.mayn‘t B.can‘t C.mustn‘t D.needn‘t 6、 — Could I have a word with you, mum? — Oh dear, if you _______.
A. can B. must C. may D. should 7、—What does the sign over there read?
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