13.对于乙苯脱氢制苯乙烯的反应:C6H5C2H5(g) = C6H5C2H3(g) + H2(g),在温度和总压不变时,增加惰性组分平衡向生成产物方向移动( )。
?14. 反应N2(g) +3H2(g) = 2NH3(g)的标准平衡常数为K1则反应1/2N2(g) +3/2H2(g) ?4,?= NH3(g)的标准平衡常数为K2。 ?2( )
?15. 反应N2(g) +3H2(g) = 2NH3(g)的标准平衡常数为K1则反应NH3(g) =1/2N2(g) ?4,
?+3/2H2(g)的标准平衡常数为K2。 ?0.5( )
16.如果某一化学反应的ΔrHmθ(T)<0,该反应的K?随着温度升高而减小。( ) 17.恒温恒压且不涉及非体积功条件下,一切吸热且熵减小的反应,均不能自动发生( )。 18.对于理想气体反应:0???B?g?,在恒温恒压下??BBBB?0时,随着惰性气体
的加入而平衡向右移动( )。
19. 对于理想气体反应,等温等容条件下添加惰性组分时,平衡将向体积减小的方向移动( )。
20. 某一反应在恒温、恒压且无非体积功的条件下,当该反应的ΔrGm(T)<0时,该反应能正向进行( )。 选择题答案:
1.A;2 C.3C;4C;5B;6B;7 B;8 C;9A;10.B;11.B;12 C;13;D;14.C;15.C;16.C,A;17.C; 18.C;19.B,B;20.(1)A,E,B,(2)E,A,F,(3)C,C,D 填空题答案: 1.向右进行;2.K??def???T?/RT? ; dlnK?/dT??rHm?exp?- ?rGm/RT2?
?3.0.25×(p/p?)2;4.>;>;5.Δr G mθ (T);Δr G m (T);Δr G mθ (T);6.>;7.下降 8.降低;增大;9.升温;减小总压;提高水蒸气分压;加入惰性气体;及时将CO和
??H2移走;10.Kθ12= Kθ2;11.?rGm=??G?=
??????T,P??BB(JP/ K?) ?B=?rHm -T?rSm =RTln
?12.Kθ=(P/ P?)3=(60/100)3=0.216;13.dlnK?/dT??rHm/RT2= (83.145T/K -
mol-1/RT2=10/ T-0.1 K/ T2 0.83145) J·判断题答案:
1.(×)2.(√)3.(√)4.(√)5.(×)6.(√)7.(×)8. (×)9.(×)10.(√)11. (√)
12.(√)13. (√)14. (√)15. (√)16. (√)17. (√)18. (×)19. (×)20. (√)
四、计算题
?1.T=1000K时,反应C(s)+2H2(g)==CH4(g) 的?rGm=17.397KJ.mol-1。现有与碳反应
的气体混合物,其组成为体积分数y(CH4)=0.1, y(H2)=0.8, y(N2)=0.10,试问: (1)T=1000K,p=100kPa时,?rGm等于多少? 甲烷能否生成? (2)在T=1000K下,压力须增加到若干,上述合成甲烷的反应才能进行?
?At T=1 000K,C(s)+2H2(g)==CH4(g), ?rGm=17.397KJ.mol-1。The gas mixture reacts
with carbon is y(CH4)=0.1, y(H2)=0.8, y(N2)=0.10,try to answer: (1)if T=1000K,p=100kPa,?rGm=? Can CH4 be produced?
(2)if T=1000K下,how much pressure does it increase to make above reaction toward right? 答案:(1) ?rGm?3.963kJ?mol?1,不能生成甲烷;(2)p>161.06ka才可能生成甲烷 2.甲烷转化反应: CH4 (g)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+3H2 (g)
在900K下的标准平衡常数为1.280。若取等物质的量的CH4 (g)和H2O(g)反应,求在该温度及101.325 kPa压力下达到平衡时系统的组成。
CH4 conversion reaction: CH4 (g)+H2O(g)=CO(g)+3H2 (g) At 900K K?=1.280. if the amount of CH4 (g) and H2O(g) is 1:1,Calculate the component of the system when it reaches equilibrium at 101.325 kPa. 答案:y?CH4??y?H2O??0.146;y?CO??0.177;y?H2??0.531 3.已知同一温度,两反应方程及其标准平衡常数如下: C(石墨)+H20(g)====C0(g)+H2(g) K1?T?
? C(石墨)+2H20(g)====C02 (g)+2H2(g) K2?T?
?求下列反应的K??T?。
C0(g)+H20(g)====C02(g)+H2(g)
Given that at the same temperature, two reaction equations and their standard equilibrium constant are as below:
?C(graphite)+H20(g) ====C0(g)+H2(g) K1?T? ? C(graphite)+2H20(g)====C02 (g)+2H2(g) K2?T?
Calculate K??T? of the following reaction: C0(g)+H20(g)====C02(g)+H2(g)
??答案:K??K2 /K14.某理想气体反应如下:
A(g) + 2B(g) = Y(g) + 4Z(g)
已知有关数据如下表:
物质 A(g) B(g) Y(g) Z(g) ??B,298K??fHmkJ?mol?1 ??B,298K?Sm ?1?1kJ?mol?KCp,m?B?kJ?mol?K3 14 11 5 ?1?1 -74.84 -241.84 -393.42 0 186.0 188.0 214.0 130.0 (1)经计算说明:当A、B、Y和Z的摩尔分数分别为0.3,0.2,0.3和0.2,T=800K,p=0.1MPa时反应进行的方向;
(2)其它条件与(1)相同,如何改变温度使反应向着与(1)的方向相反的方向进行? Relative data of pg reaction A(g) + 2B(g)==Y(g) + 4Z(g) are: substance A(g) B(g) Y(g) Z(g) ?fHm?(298.15K)/ kJ·mol-1 -74.84 -241.84 -393.42 0 Sm?(298.15K)/ J·K-1·mol-1 186.0 188.0 214.0 130.0 Cp,m?(B) / J·K-1·mol-1 3 14 11 5 Please calculate and determine:(1) the direction of chemical reaction while T=810K,p=0.1MPa and the mole fraction of A, B,Y and Z are 0.3,0.2,0.3 and 0.2 respectively ; (2) if the condition is same as (1), how to change temperature to make the direction backward. 答案:(1)反应向反方向进行;(2)T>827K
5.在真空的容器中放人固态的NH4HS,于25℃下分解为NH3(g)和H2S(g),平衡时容器内的压力为66.66kPa。
(1) 当放入NH4HS (s)时容器中已有39.99 kPa的H2S(g),求平衡时容器中的压力; (2) 容器中原有6.666kPa的NH3(g),问需加多大压力的H2S(g),才能形成NH4HS
固体?
The solid NH4HS was put into vacuum container , and was decomposed to NH3(g)和H2S(g) at 25℃, When the reaction reached in equilibrium the pressure was 66.66kPa.
(1) When NH4HS (s) was put into the container, the pressure of H2S(g) was 39.99 kPa. Please calculate the pressure in container when the reaction reaches equilibrium.
(2)Beginning with 6.666kPa的NH3(g) in the container, how much pressure of H2S(g) is needed to form solid NH4HS. 答案:(1)p=77.7kPa;(2) p(H2S)>166.65 kPa才可能有NH4HS (s)生成 6.现有理想气体间反应 A(g)+ B(g) ==== C(g) +D(g) 开始时,A与B均为lmol,在25℃时反应达到平衡,此时A与B物质的量各为(1/3)mol。 (1) 求此反应的K?;
(2) 开始时,A为lmol,B为2mol;
(3) 开始时,A为lmol,B为lmol,C为0.5mol;
(4) 开始时,C为1mol ,D为2mol;分别求反应达平衡时C的物质的量。
There is a reaction of perfect gas A(g)+ B(g) ==== C(g) +D(g). At the beginning, both A and B are 1mol, when the reaction reach equilibrium at 25℃, the substance amount of A and B are (1/3)mol respectively. (1) Calculate K? of reaction
(2) At the beginning, A is 1mol,B is 2mol;
(3) At the beginning, A is 1mol,B is 2mol,C is 0.5mol; (4) At the beginning, C is 1mol,D is 2mol;
Please Calculate the substance amout of C respectively when the reaction reacheas equilibrium.
答案:(1) K?=4;(2) nC=0.845mol;(3) nC=1.096mol;(4) nC=0.543mol 7.在高温下水蒸气通过灼热的煤层,按下式生成水煤气
C(石墨)+H20(g)====C0(g)+H2(g)
若在1000K及1200K时,K?分别为2.472及37.58,试计算此温度范围内的平均摩尔
?
反应焓?rHm及在1100K时反应的标准平衡常数K
Under high temperature, the water vapor go through coal layer which is scorching hot ,
produce water gas as the reaction below:
C(graphite)+H20(g)====C0(g)+H2(g)
?
If K? is2.472 and 37.58 under 1000K and 1200K respectively, Calculate ?r H m and K of
the reaction at 1100K. 答案:K?(1100K)=11.0
?8.在100℃下,下列反应的K=8.1×10-9,?rSm =125.6J·mol-1·K-1。计算:
?COCl2 (g)====CO(g)+C12 (g) (1)100℃且总压为200kPa时COCl2的解离度; (2)100℃时上述反应的 ?rHm?;
(3)总压为200kPa、COCl2解离度为0.1%时的温度(设?Cp,m =0)。
?At 100℃, K=8.1×10-9,?rSm =125.6J·mol-1·K-1 of the following reaction. Please
?calculate:
COCl2 (g)====CO(g)+C12 (g) (1) dissociated degree of COCl2 at 100℃ and 200kPa; (2) ?r H m? of the above reaction at 100℃;
(3) the temperature when dissociated degree of COCl2 is 0.1% and total pressure is 200kPa (?Cp,m =0)。
答案:(1)??6.37?10?5;(2)ΔrHm=105 kJ·mol-1;(3)T 2=446K 9.某理想气体反应2A(g) =Y(g)有关数据如下: 物质 ?fHm?(298.15K)/ kJ·mol-1 A(g) Y(g) 35 10 Sm? (298.15K)/ J·K-1·mol-1 250 300 Cp,m? (B)/ J·K-1·mol-1 38.0 76.0 求:(1)在310K、100KPa下,A、Y各为y=0.5的气体混合物反应向哪个方向进行?
(2):欲使反应向与上述(1)相反的方向进行,在其他条件不变时:(a)改变压力,P应控制在什么范围?(b)改变温度,T应控制在什么范围?(c)改变组成,yA应控制在什么范围?
pg reaction: 2A(g)==Y(g) substance ?fHm?(298.15K)/ Sm?(298.15K)/ Cp,m?(B)