Lesson 1 Paraphrase:
1. And it is an activity only of humans. (para 1) 并且它是人类特有的一种活动。
1．And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being． 2. Conversation is not for making a point. (para 2) 交谈并不是为了表明一种看法。
2．Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view． 3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para 2) 实际上，最好的交谈者，是那些准备输的人。
3．In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view．
4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each other's lives. (para 3) 酒吧友人没有深层次地涉及彼此的生活。
4．People who meet each other for a drink in the bar of a pub are not intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each other’s lives． 5. it could still go ignorantly on (para 6) 大伙仍旧可以糊里糊涂地扯下去。
5．The conversation could go on without anybody knowing who was right or wrong．
6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para 9) 地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef。
6．These animals are called cattle when they are alive and feeding in the fields；but when we sit down at the table to eat．we call their meat beef．
7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11)
新的统治阶级用法语来对抗其他语言，这样就建立起了对抗这些农民的文化壁垒。
7． The new ruling class by using French instead of English made it difficult for
the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers． 8. English had come royally into its own. (para 13) 英语取得了国语的地位。
8．The English language received proper recognition and was used by the King once more．
9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para 15)
下层阶级使用这个短语时，常带有贬义，甚至讥讽的味道。
9．The phrase，the King’s English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lower classes（or: The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people．）
10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para 15) 对文化支配的对抗仍然存在。
10．There still exists in the working people，as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class．
11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that \things for us. \
正如卡莱尔提出的，“对我们而言，词语会变成具体的事物”，这始终会有极大的危险。
11． There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent．For example，the word “dog” is a symbol representing a kind of animal．We mustn’t regard the word “dog” as being the animal itself．
Translation:
1. However intricate the way in which animals communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 1. 而动物之间的信息交流，无论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交际的。 2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince. There is no winning in conversation.
2. 尽管争论常常是闲聊的一部分，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲谈之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。
3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringing in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.
3. 或许是从小混迹于英国小酒吧的缘故吧，我觉得酒馆里的闲聊是别有韵味的。 4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it – she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that was pressing on her mind – but her remark fell quite naturally into the talk.
4. 我不记得其中一个伙伴的那句话是什么情况下说出来的 – 不过，显然她并没有特意地准备什么，那也算不上是什么非说不可的要紧话 – 那只不过是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。
5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.”
5. 下层人民总是会抵制上流社会给“规范英语”制定的条条框框。
6. Words are not themselves a reality, but only representations of it, and the King’s English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.
6. 词语本身并不是现实，它不过是现实的一种反应形式而已。标准英语和诺曼人的盎格鲁法语的性质一样，也只是一个阶段用来表达现实的一种形式。 7. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to change from below.
7. 让人们学着去讲也许不错，但既不应该把它作为法令，也不应该使它完全不接受来自下层的改变。
8. There is no worse conversationalist than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.
8. 要是有谁闲聊时也像做文章一样句逗分明，或像写一篇要发表的散文般咬文嚼字的话，那他说的话就一定极为倒人胃口。
9. When E. M. Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.
9看到E.M.福斯特笔下写出“如今这个时代阴森恐怖的长廊”时，我们可以深刻体会到语言的生动、比喻的张力。
10. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had been able to settle at once the meaning of “the King’s English.”
10.那晚，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的意义，也就不可能再有那场交谈辩论.