基本结构:主语+had+过去分词(done) ①肯定句:主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句:主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句:Had+主语+过去分词+其他 肯定回答:Yes,主语+had 否定回答:No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句(had+主语+过去分词+其他) 语法判定:
( 1 ) by + 过去的时间点。如: I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
( 2 ) by the end of + 过去的时间点。如:
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term. ( 3 ) before + 过去的时间点。如: They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
将来完成时:
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态 2.时间状语:by the time of;by the end of+时间短语(将来);by the time+从句(将来) 3.基本结构:be going to/will/shall + have done (shall)will+have+动词过去分词 before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
.I will have played football.(将来完成时) 将来完成时是把现在完成时的助动词have/has改为原形have, 在have前加助动词will,have后的过去分词保持不变。 以下是不太常用的时态:
过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth. He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us. 12.I will have been playing football. 15. I would have played football. (过去将来完成时)
过去将来完成时是把将来完成时的助动词will/shall改为了过去式would,将来完成时中的助动词原形have和过去分词played保持不变。
16. I would have been playing football. (过去将来完成进行时)
过去将来完成进行时是把将来完成进行时的助动词will/shall改为了过去式would, 将来完成进行时中的助动词原形have和助动词原形be的过去分词been和现在分词playing保持不变。
总结:在过去表示将来的时态中,把将来时的助动词will/shall改为过去式would,其他保持不变。
加上时间状语的16种时态(用的是最常出现的时间状语)
.现在完成进行时:
持续到说话为止
1.概念:在过去某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态一直2.基本结构:have/has +been+doing 基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念
have/has been +-ing 分词
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
现在完成进行时(表示动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在,并且预期还要继续进行下去)
I have been playing football for three hours.(我已经踢了3个小时足球了,我现在仍然在踢着足球,而且我还要继续踢下去) I have been playing football since this morning.(从过去的某一具体时刻开始,直到现在,我都在踢足球,而且现在还没有终止,要继续踢下去)
I have been playing football since I went to school. (自从我上学以来,我就一直在踢足球,直到现在,我仍然在踢足球,而且要继续踢下去)
I have been playing football recently.(近来我一直在踢足球,而且还会继续踢下去)
I have been playing football this morning. (今天上午以来我一直在踢足球,并会继续下去)
将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻译为:他最近一直在为我们工作(过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作) (将来完成进行时)
将来完成进行时是把现在完成进行时的助动词have/has改为原形have,并在have前加上助动词will,现在完成进行时中的be的过去分词been保持不变,现在分词playing也保持不变。
总结:一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时、将来完成进行时与一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时的区别是表示将来的时态是把表示现在的时态主语后加了助动词will/shall,并把will/shall后的第一个助