诊断信号 可能的问题 口连接 线缆未正确连接 线缆故障 时钟问题 处理 2. 3. 4. 5. 络设备上 检查线缆是否清洁 测试线缆 检查时钟源及配置 重启系统 YEL ALM 系统无法启动 模块始终离线 FAIL LED亮 远端接收故障(FERF) 1. 修正FERF问题 2. 重启系统 1. 2. 3. 4. 使用show version命令显示板卡状态 回顾正确的slot group配置 使用正确的slot group配置重新配置系统 重启系统 slot group超载 无 1. 通过控制台检查是否有告警信息指示问题，如果―system‖ log被设定在WARNING或更高的级别时，一个告警信息会出现 系统温度过高，通风2. 使用show environment命令显示温度情况，如果温度口阻塞，风扇不工作 过高，关闭系统 3. 调校温度 4. 重启系统 CLI－如果还可以通过CLI访问ERX的话，可以用show version命令来获取所有模块的运行情况；
SNMP－在能够利用网管通道访问ERX时，通过SNMP查询usdERXSysSlotTable也可以得到所有模块的状态用命令
3.2.2重启模块
命令行reload slot
使用reload slot命令可以使指定的模块(包括SRP和线路模块)重新加载系统软件和相应的配置重启
其命令格式如下：
reload slot slotNumber ；slotNumber为指定的槽号
命令执行后，模块即进入重启状态，可以通过观察LED或使用show version命令了解重启进展。 3.2.3重启按钮
在SRP和线路模块上有两个隐藏的按钮用于重启模块，你可以使用NMI按钮来重启模块的软件，使用board reset按钮来重启整个模块，见下图示意：
SRP
Line Module
如果线路模块长时间没有响应，可能是模块出现了软件问题，可以用回形针(或类似针状物品)按下NMI按钮，中断当前的软件进程，如果这样无效，则按下board reset按钮来重启这个模块。
SRP模块的两个按钮也起相同的作用，当按下SRP模块的board reset按钮时，相当于重启ERX系统，从而导致所有板卡重启。
3.3 ERX1400/E320设备操作和维护
3.3.1常用命令
3.3.1.1 show interfaces gigabitEthernet
本命令用于显示千兆以太网端口的状态，你可以指定以下关键字： ? delta – 指定显示specifies that baselined statistics are to be shown ? brief – 显示所有已配置端口的运作状态 显示字段解释：
? gigabitEthernet interface-specifier – status of the hardware on this interface
? up – hardware is operational ? down – hardware is not operational
? Administrative status1 – operational state that you configured for this interface
? up – interface is enabled ? down – interface is disabled
? Hardware – type of MAC device on this interface ? Address – MAC address of the processor on this interface ? MTU2 – size of the MTU for this interface
? Operational – size of the largest packet processed ? Administrative – setting for MTU size that you specified ? Duplex3 – duplex option for this interface
? Operational – duplex option currently used
? Administrative – setting for duplex that you specified ? Speed – line speed for this interface
? Operational – current rate at which packets are processed ? Administrative – setting for line speed that you specified
? 5 minute input rate4 – data rates based on the traffic received in the last five minutes ? 5 minute output rate – data rates based on the traffic sent in the last five minutes ? In – analysis of inbound traffic on this interface
? Bytes – number of bytes received in error-free packets ? Unicast – number of unicast packets received ? Multicast – number of multicast packets received ? Broadcast – number of broadcast packets received
? Errors5 – total number of errors in all received packets. Note that some packets may
contain more than one error.
1
用于判断端口的管理状态
2
如果与对方设备不匹配的话有可能出现丢包
3
实践证明在两端的GE端口上必须都使用固定配置(1000M全双工)，禁止自动协商，确保与
对端设备的正常连通
45
5分钟平均进出流量，了解端口流量情况最直观的数据
对discard、MAC Errors、Alignment、CRC、Too Longs、Symbol Errors的统计是判断物理
层故障的重要依据
? Discards – total number of discarded incoming packets
? MAC Errors – number of incoming packets discarded because of MAC sublayer failures ? Alignment – number of incomplete octets received
? CRC – number of packets discarded because the checksum that the system computed
from the data does not match the checksum generated by the originating devices ? Too Longs – number of packets discarded because the size exceeded the MTU ? Symbol Errors – number of symbols received that the system could not correctly decode ? Out – analysis of outbound traffic on this interface
? Bytes – number of bytes sent
? Unicast – number of unicast packets sent ? Multicast – number of multicast packets sent ? Broadcast – number of broadcast packets sent
? Errors – total number of errors in all transmitted packets. Note that some packets may
contain more than one error.
? Discards – total number of discarded outgoing packets
? MAC Errors – number of outgoing packets discarded because of MAC sublayer failures ? Deferred – number of packets that the system delayed sending because the line was busy.
In half duplex mode, a high number of deferrals means the link is very busy with traffic from other stations. In full duplex mode, the link is always available for transmission, and this number should be zero.
? No Carrier – number of packets sent when carrier sense was unavailable ? Collisions – analysis of the collisions that occurred
3.3.1.2 show vlan subinterface
? Use to display the status of VLAN subinterfaces on the FE or GE module you specify. ? Field descriptions
? Subinterface number – location of the subinterface that carries the VLAN traffic ? Virtual LAN ID – domain number of the virtual LAN 示例：
ERX-01#show vlan subinterface
GigabitEthernet12/0.181, VLAN ID is 1816 GigabitEthernet0/0.184, VLAN ID is 184 GigabitEthernet12/0.182, VLAN ID is 182 GigabitEthernet0/0.183, VLAN ID is 183
3.3.1.3 show interfaces atm
? Use to display configuration and state information and statistics about a specific ATM interface,
or to display a brief description of all ATM interfaces configured in the system. You specify an ATM interface in the format: slot/port.
? To display the status and number of configured VCs for all ATM interfaces configured in the
system, use the brief keyword.
? Field descriptions
? ATM interface status – state of the physical interface: up, down ? line protocol – state of the ILMI protocol: disabled, up, down
? AAL5 operational status – operational status of the ATM AAL5 interface: up, down,
lowerLayerDown.
? last change – time since last reported change to the AAL5 operational status
? ATM operational status – operational status of the ATM interface: up, down, lowerLayerDown. ? last change – time since last reported change to the ATM operational status ? UNI version – UNI version (3.0, 3.1, 4.0)
? Maximum VCs – maximum number of virtual circuits supported on this interface
7
? Current VCs – current number of virtual circuits configured
? ILMI VPI/VCI – VPI and VCI configured for ILMI (displays only if ILMI is configured on the
interface)
? VCD – VCD (displays only if ILMI is configured on the interface)
? ILMI keepalive – state and status of the ILMI (displays only if ILMI is configured on the interface) ? Max VCI per VPI – maximum number of virtual circuits on each virtual path ? SNMP trap link-status – enabled, disabled
? Receive OAM cells – whether OAM cells will be processed or flushed by this ATM interface:
enabled, disabled
? InPackets – number of packets received on this interface ? InBytes – number of bytes received on this interface
? OutPackets – number of packets transmitted on this interface ? OutBytes – number of bytes transmitted on this interface ? OutCells – number of cells transmitted on this interface
? InErrors – number of incoming errors received on this interface ? OutErrors – number of outgoing errors on this interface
? InPacketDiscards – number of incoming packets discarded on this interface ? InByteDiscards – number of incoming bytes discarded on this interface 6
建议VLAN子端口号与VLAN ID一致，便于管理和维护
7
在该ATM端口上已经定义的PVC数量