(精品)初中英语语法讲与练(五) - 情态动词(2)

2019-08-30 19:40

【答案】C 【点拨】表示意愿

【例2】My car was broken on my way here. I tried and tried, but it just _____ start again.

A. don’t B. can’t C. won’t D. couldn’t

【解析】这道题是一道考察情态动词的题目,句意“-我在来的路上车抛锚了,我试了又

试,可是车就是启动不了。”

【答案】C

【点拨】表示倾向性动作

6. should

1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做),用于各种人称。

You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 You shouldn′t waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。

2)表推测,意为“想必一定、照说应该、估计”等。

The film should be very good as it is starring first—class actors. 这部新电影是一流演员主演的,估计拍得很好。

They should be home by now. 照说他们现在应当已经到家了。 【例题精讲】

There____ be a station in a short distance. A. should B. will C. can D. would

【解析】这道题是一道考察情态动词的题目,句意“不远处应该会有一个车站。” 【答案】A

【点拨】表示猜测、推测。 7.would 1)表意愿。

They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去因为他衣着旧。 I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。

Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?

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Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗? They wouldn′t have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。

Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。 【例题精讲】

He____ sit here and doing nothing a whole day When he was in hospital. A. shall B. will C. can D. would

【解析】这道题是一道考察情态动词的题目,句意“当他在医院的时候,他会整天坐在这里什么也不做。” 【答案】D

【点拨】表示过去的习惯或者反复发生的动作。 8. ought to

1)表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。

You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲,应当管他。 You oughtn′t to smoke so much. 你不应该抽这么多烟。 2)表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。

Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。

There′s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow. 今天有晚霞,明天应该是个好天。

五、.情态动词其他用法

首先它是动词,而且不同于行为动词,行为动词表示的是可以通过行为来表达的动作(如写,读,跑),而情态动词只是表达的一种想法(如能,也许,敢)。 用法是:情态动词+行为动词原形

例句:I can read this sentence in English. 我能用英语读这句话。

情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义,表示说话人的情绪,态度或语气的动词,但不能单独作谓语, 只能和其他动词原形构成谓语。

We can be there on time tomorrow.我们明天能按时去那儿。 May I have your name? 我能知道你的名字吗? Shall we begin now?我们现在就开始吗?

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You must obey the school rules.你必须遵守校规。 情态动词数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列:

can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would),have (to) ,had better.

情态动词还有一个很重要的用法,即情态动词表推测——

六、情态动词表推测的用法小结 (一)情态动词表推测的三种句式

1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may(可能),might / could(也许,或许)。

(1)He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。

(2)It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了。

2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。

(1)It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长,他去美国了。

(2)He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。

3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?)。

(1)Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗? (2)Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?

注:以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。

(二)情态动词表推测的三种时态

1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。

(1)She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。

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(2)She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。

2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。

(1)He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。

(2)He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。

(3)Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?

布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?

3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。

(1)It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。

(2)The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家。 (3)Can / Could he have gotten the book? 难道他找到书了吗?

注:情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如:

(4)It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达。(推测)

(5)She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. (虚拟) 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。

(6)Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. (虚拟) 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意。

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七、.情态动词重点疑难 1.need和dare的用法

need和dare既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,主要用于否定句和疑问句。用作实义动词时,可用于各种句式。 1.用作情态动词

--Need I come? --Yes, you must. --我需要来吗? --需要。 You needn′t telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 I don′t think you need worry. 我想你不必发愁。

She dare not go out alone at night. 她晚上不敢一个人出去。 How dare you say I′m unfair? 你竟敢说我不公平?

Not one of them dared mention this. 他们谁也不敢提这件事。

2.用作实义动词

You don′t need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 We need to tell them the news. 我们需要把这消息告诉他们。

We should dare to give our own opinion. 我们要敢于提出自己的观点。 He did not dare (to) look up. 他不敢抬头看。

I dare say he′ll come again. 我想他会再来的。 (cI dare say…为固定习语) 八、情态动词几组词的辨异 1. can 和be able to

1)情态动词can只有两种时态形式,现在式can和过去式could,而be able to有多种时态形式。

Mary can play the piano. She has been able to play it since she was 5. 玛丽会弹钢琴。她五岁起就会弹了。

2)用在过去时中,could经常表示能够做某事,事实上不一定去做,而was∕were able to则表示“过去做成了某事”。在否定句中两者可通用。

He could swim across the English Channel. But he didn′t feel like it that day. 他能游过英吉利海峡,但那天他不想游。

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