6. Mother came back on December 21 when was my birthday. 答案:将when改为which。
解析: which指代时间(December 21)作定语从句的主语。 7. This is the ring for which she is looking. 答案:将for移到looking之后。
解析:look for是固定短语动词,不能够拆开使用。
8. Is this history museum that some foreign friends visited last week? 答案:在that前加the one。
解析:犯这类错误的主要原因是错把this history museum看作是定语从句的先行词。根据句子结构,this history museum应是主句的主语。故应添加一个定语从句的先行词the one作主句中的表语。 9. This is the monitor her English is the best in our class. 答案:将her改为whose。
解析:用whose代替her引起定语从句,修饰先行词the monitor。 10. As you know it, he has left for Australia. 答案:去掉it。
解析:关系代词as作know的宾语,再使用it就重复了。 11. The meeting was put off, that was exactly what we wanted. 答案:将that改为which。
解析:that作为关系代词不能用于非限制定语从句中。此处which指代主句(The meeting was put off)。 12. I don’t like the way which you treat your mother.
答案: 1)在which前加in。 2) 将which改为that。 3) 去掉which。
解析:当先行词the way在定语从句中作状语时,其关系代词可用that/in which或不用。 13. He told the good news to those who was present at the meeting. 答案:将was改为were。
解析:定语从句中的谓语动词,在数和人称上必须与主句中的先行词保持一致。该句的先行词是those, 故应用were。
14. The expert visited our school is from Shanghai. 答案:在visited前加who。
解析:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略。 15. Who’s the old man whom you just shook hands? 答案:在hands后加上with。
解析:定语从句中的关系代词whom作with的宾语,故介词with不能省略. 定语从句归纳·拓展(一)
引导定语从句的词叫作关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有who、 whom、 whose、 that、 which、as等;关系副词有when、 where、 why等。它们具有三个功能:
1.连接主句和从句; 2. 指代先行词; 3. 在从句中充当一种成分。如:\连接主句\和从句\指代先行词\并在从句中作\的宾语。 一、关系代词的用法
关系代词的选用:第一,取决于它指代的是人还是物,指代人时可用who、 whom、 that或as, 指代物时用that、 which或as;第二,取决于它在从句中充当的成分,关系代词在从句中可充当主语、宾语、定语等。如:
1) The man who / that is standing at the door is my English teacher. 站在门口的那个人是我的英语老师。(who / that在从句中充当主语)
2) Do you know the man whom / that we met in the street? 你认识我们在街上碰到的那个人吗?(whom / that在从句中充当宾语)
指人的who和whom有格的区别:who在从句中作主语(在非正式说法中也可作宾语),whom在从句中只能作
宾语,不能作主语,也可以省略。
3) The problem that / which troubles us is how to finish the work in time. 使我们烦恼的问题是怎样才能按时完成这项工作。 (that / which在从句中作主语)
4) The book that / which I bought yesterday is worth reading. 昨天我买的这本书值得一读。(that / which在从句中作宾语,这时可以省略)
关系代词whose一般指人,表示\该人的\也可指物,表示\该物的\在从句中作定语。如:
That’s the painter whose works are so highly regarded. 那位就是其作品受到很高评价的画家。
The building whose roof we can see from here is a hotel. 我们在这儿望得见屋顶的那座房子是一个旅馆。 whose在以物为先行词时,可用of which代替,尤其是口语中。上例相当于:The building the roof of which we can see from here is a hotel.
二、\介词+关系代词\引导的定语从句
关系代词whom, which在定语从句中作介词的宾语时,可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间;当先行词指人时,介词后的关系代词用whom, 其余用which,这时的关系代词不能省略;有时为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词,也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面,这时的which可用that替换。当介词放在从句有关动词的后面时,关系代词which, that, whom在口语中和非正式文体中经常省略。如:
This is the room in which he used to live. = This is the room (which / that) he used to live in. 这是他过去居住过的房间。 Who’s the man with whom you just shook hands? =Who’s the man (that / whom) you just shook hands with? 刚才你与他握手的那个人是谁?
但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开,介词仍放在动词的后面。如:
This is the book (which / that) I’m looking for. 这就是我在找的那本书。
在这类定语从句中,介词的选择一般根据动词的需要,如上述几例,或者根据先行词来决定。如: There is a mountain of which the top is always covered with snow. 有一座山顶总是覆盖着雪的山。 三、关于使用关系代词的几点说明:
1. 指物的关系代词that和which常可互换,但下列情况下通常用关系代词that:
1)当先行词是:all, none, much, little, everything, everybody, everyone, nothing等不定代词时。如: All (that) he said at the meeting encouraged us greatly. 他在会上说的一切,使我们受到很大的鼓舞。 2)当先行词前有形容词的最高级、序数词及the last, the same, the only, the very等修饰时。如: This is the best film (that) I have ever seen. 这是我所看过影片中最好的一部。
The first article (that) Lucy wrote in Chinese was good. 露西用汉语写的第一篇文章很好。 3)先行词中既含有\人\也含有\物\时。如:
He talked about the teachers and schools (that) he had visited. 他谈起他所访问过的老师和学校。 2. 关系代词作表语时一般不用who,而用that。如:
He is not the man that he was. 他不是从前的他了。(从句中that是was的表语)
3. 若含有疑问代词:who, which, what等时,应避免使用关系代词who, which,而应用that。如: Who that knows him will believe him. 认识他的人会相信他。
Which of the two cows (that) you keep produces more milk? 你养的两头奶牛,哪头产奶多? 定语从句归纳·拓展(二) --when, where, why
引导定语从句学习四要素
when、where、why引导的定语从句是定语从句重要内容,也是高考重要考点,学习这些定语从句时应注意下列几点:
一、掌握when、 where、 why基本用法
when、 where、 why是关系副词,其基本用法如下表。 关系副词 属性 在句中作用 例 句
when 表时间 时间状语 I remember the days when I stayed there. where 表地点 地点状语 This is the room where I lost my pen. why 表原因 原因状语 This is the reason why he was late. 二、熟悉易误用when, where, why的场合
若先行词虽表时间、地点、原因,但在定语从句中不作时间、地点和原因状语而作主语或宾语,属于关系代词范畴,应用关系代词that或which,而不能用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句。例:
I regret the days (that / which) I wasted in the woods. 我后悔在森林里虚度的日子。(先行词在从句中作宾语) I’ll never forget the year 1976 which /that was full of sadness.我不会忘记充满悲哀的1976年。(先行词在从句中作主语)
That is the factory that/which produces cars.那是生产小汽车的工厂。(先行词在从句中作主语)
That is the factory (that / which) he visited yesterday. 那是他昨天参观的工厂。(先行词在从句中作宾语) He gave the reason that / which was unreasonable. 他给出一个没道理的理由。(先行词在从句中作主语) What is the reason (that/which) he raised? 他提出的理由是什么?(先行词在从句中作宾语) 三、了解关系副词与关系代词转换规律
关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。例:
Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。
Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?
常见的有以下几种情况: 1. where=in/on which 例:
This is the room where / in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。 2. when= on/in/at which 例:
I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。 I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。
I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。 3. why=for which 例:
This is the reason why / for which he was killed.这是他被杀害的原因。 但下列情况下介词不能提前:
⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。例:
He’s the boy who I learned English from.这是我向他学英语的男孩。
This should be the place that Tom sent the parcel to. 这应是汤姆送包裹的地方。 ⑵当whom、which省去时介词不能提前。例:
Is he the boy you went there with?他是和你一起去那儿的男孩吗? This is the room he lived in. 这是他住过的房间。
⑶当whom, which作为含有介词的动词短语的宾语时,介词一般来说不能拆开提前。例: You’re the very man whom I’m looking for. 你正是我在找的那个人。 This is the program which he listened to. 这就是他听过的节目。 再看下面几种结构:
(一)介词+whose引导的定语从句
whose引导定语从句时,可出现创新句型:介词+whose引导定语从句。解这种定语从句时需弄清从句的动词与先行词、whose后边的名词及定语从句主语之间的关系,并发挥合理想象,不难发现其中正确的逻辑关系。例:
She is the girl to whose father I talked yesterday. 她就是昨天我和其父亲谈话的女孩。 He is the boy for whose boss I work. 他就是我为其老板打工的男孩。 (二)复杂介词+whom/which引导定语从句
I stay at the hotel at the back of which is a small garden. 我住在后面有一座花园的旅馆。 (三)数词(不定量数词)/ 含所属关系名词+of whom/which引导定语从句。例:
She has many books, only one of which is interesting. 她有许多书,只有一本是有趣的。 四、明确when, where引导定语从句需特别注意的情况 1. when引导定语从句需特别注意的情况
(1)当先行词为time,time前面有序数词或last 加以修饰时,应用that而不用when引导定语从句。例: This is the first/last time that I shall give you a lesson. 这是我第一次/最后一次给你们上课。 This is the third time that he has been to Beijing. 这是他第三次去北京。
(2)当time前面没有序数词或last加以修饰时,既可用when又可用that引导定语从句。例:
Can you tell me the exact time when/that the sports meeting will be held? 你告诉我运动会举行的确切时间吗? 2.where引导定语从句需特别注意的情况
当point, situation等词作先行词引导定语从句时表抽象的地点,若在定语从句中作地点状语,应由where引导 定语从句。
Can you think out a situation where this word can be used?你能设想出这个单词被使用的场合吗? Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步。
初中英语定语从句语法专项练习习题精选
用适当的关系词填空：
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house.
2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week.
3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you. 18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much. 19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south.
24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south. 25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday. 26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children. 28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
KEYS:
1. when 2. when 3. which 4. that/which 5. that 6. where 7. that/which 8. where 9. which 10. where 11. where 12. which 13. when 14. that 15. that
16. that 17. (that) 18. which 19. (that/in which) 20.that 21.that 22 that 23.whose 24. of which 25. whose 26. whom 27. when 28. that 29. that 30. where