xxxx
本科毕业设计说明书
65吨/时循环流化床锅炉的设计与计算
Design and calculation of circulating fluidized
bed boiler 65 t / h
性 质: □毕业设计 □毕业论文
教 学 院： 系 别： 学生学号： 学生姓名： 专业班级： 指导教师： 职 称： 起止日期：
xxxx 学 院 xxxxxxxx
xxxx学院本科毕业设计说明书
摘 要
本次的毕业设计的题目是65吨/小时循环流化床锅炉设计。设计本着锅炉运行的安全性和可靠性为首要设计特性的准则，综合考虑燃烧，传热，脱硫，烟气、空气、工质的动力特性以及受热面的磨损和腐蚀。保证锅炉的着火稳定性，炉膛内有足够的辐射热量，煤的燃尽程度，合理的烟气速度和排烟温度以及脱硫效率。同时，还要确保有一定的气密性以保证炉膛内进行微负压燃烧。
在整个设计过程中作为技术支持进行了热力计算、强度计算。其中热力计算包括炉膛、高温过热器、低温过热器、省煤器以及空气预热器。炉膛及尾部顶棚全部采用膜式壁结构，解决炉膛漏风问题；将全部过热器布置在尾部烟道内，使其运行更加可靠。为了提高分离器的分离效率和锅炉的结构紧凑，采用两个小直径高温旋风分离器。鉴于该锅炉为中压锅炉，所以采用钢管式省煤器，为降低低温腐蚀，便于维修，将空气预热器低温段与高温段隔开。
此外，利用CAD绘制锅炉总图、 炉墙砖砌图、锅筒展开图、锅炉本体图。 关键词：循环流化床锅炉；热力计算；强度计算
I
xxxx学院本科毕业设计说明书
Abstract
The topic of this graduation design is 65 t/h circulating fluidized bed boiler. Design in line with the boiler running safety and reliability as the primary design guidelines, the characteristic of consideration of combustion, heat transfer and desulfurization, flue gas, air, the dynamic performance of the working medium and the wear and corrosion of heat exchangers. Inside the boiler furnace fire stability enough heat radiation, the burning of coal, a reasonable speed and exhaust temperature and smoke desulfurization efficiency. At the same time, also make sure that there are certain air tightness to slightly negative pressure to ensure that the chamber of a stove or furnace combustion.
In the process of the whole design as a technical support for thermodynamic calculation, strength calculation. Thermodynamic calculation including furnace, high temperature superheater, low temperature superheater, economizer and air preheater. Furnace and the rear roof are all made of the diaphragm wall structure, solve the problem of air leakage of the chamber of a stove or furnace; All the superheater arrangement in the tail flue, make its operation more reliable. In order to improve the separation efficiency of separator and boiler structure is compact, high temperature cyclone separator with two small diameter. Given the boiler as the medium pressure boiler, so the economizer tube type, in order to reduce low temperature corrosion, easy maintenance, to separate air preheater of low-temperature and high temperature.
In addition, the use of CAD drawing general layout, boiler furnace wall brick figure, figure figure, boiler drum.
Keywords：Circulating fluidized bed boiler; Thermodynamic calculation. Strength calculation;
II
xxxx学院本科毕业设计说明书
目 录
摘 要 ........................................................................................................................................................ I Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................... II 目 录 ........................................................................................................................................................III 第1章 绪论 .......................................................................................................................................... - 5 - 第2章 锅炉结构与设计简介 ............................................................................................................. - 2 -
2.1循环流化床锅炉工作原理 .................................................................................................... - 2 - 2.2 锅炉基本特性 ......................................................................................................................... - 2 -
2.2.1锅炉规范 ...................................................................................................................... - 3 - 2.2.2燃料特性 ...................................................................................................................... - 3 - 2.2.3石灰石特性 .................................................................................................................. - 3 - 2.2.4管子特性 ...................................................................................................................... - 3 - 2.2.5主要经济技术指标 ...................................................................................................... - 4 - 2.2.6锅炉基本尺寸 .............................................................................................................. - 4 - 2.3 方案论证 ................................................................................................................................. - 4 - 2.4 锅炉结构简介 ........................................................................................................................ - 6 -
2.4.1锅筒及炉内设备 .......................................................................................................... - 6 - 2.4.2水冷壁 .......................................................................................................................... - 6 - 2.4.3燃烧设备 ...................................................................................................................... - 7 - 2.4.4过热器 .......................................................................................................................... - 9 - 2.4.5省煤器 .......................................................................................................................... - 9 - 2.4.6空气预热器 ................................................................................................................ - 10 - 2.4.7钢架及平台楼梯 ........................................................................................................ - 10 - 2.4.8炉墙及保温结构 ........................................................................................................ - 10 - 2.4.9锅炉阀门仪表及管道 ............................................................................................... - 11 - 2.5 本章小结 ............................................................................................................................... - 11 - 第3章 热力计算 ................................................................................................................................ - 12 -
3.1设计任务 ................................................................................................................................ - 12 - 3.2燃料特性 ................................................................................................................................ - 12 - 3.3辅助计算 ................................................................................................................................ - 12 -
3.3.1燃烧脱硫计算 ............................................................................................................ - 12 - 3.3.2脱硫工况时燃烧产物平均特性计算 ...................................................................... - 16 -
3.3.3锅炉热平衡及燃烧和石灰石消耗量计算 ............................................................... - 19 -
III
xxxx学院本科毕业设计说明书
3.4 炉膛设计及传热计算 .......................................................................................................... - 20 -
3.4.1炉膛结构特性计算 .................................................................................................... - 20 -
3.4.2炉膛传热计算 ............................................................................................................ - 21 - 3.5高温过热器设计及传热计算 .............................................................................................. - 24 -
3.5.1高温过热器结构计算 ............................................................................................... - 24 - 3.5.2高温过热器传热计算 ............................................................................................... - 25 - 3.6低温过热器设计及传热计算 .............................................................................................. - 27 -
3.6.1低温过热器结构计算 ............................................................................................... - 27 - 3.6.2低温过热器传热计算 ............................................................................................... - 27 - 3.7省煤器设计及传热计 ........................................................................................................... - 28 -
3.7.1省煤器结构计算 ........................................................................................................ - 28 - 3.7.2省煤器传热计算 ........................................................................................................ - 29 - 3.8空气预热器设计计算 ........................................................................................................... - 30 -
3.8.1空气预热器结构计算 ............................................................................................... - 30 - 3.8.2空气预热器传热计算 ............................................................................................... - 31 - 3.9热力计算结果汇总表 ........................................................................................................... - 32 - 3.10本章小结 .............................................................................................................................. - 33 - 第4章 强度计算 ................................................................................................................................ - 33 -
4.1锅筒强度校核计算 ............................................................................................................... - 34 -
4.1.1筒体最大未加强孔直径计算 ................................................................................... - 35 - 4.1.2孔加强的计算 ............................................................................................................ - 35 - 4.1.3相邻两孔互不影响最小节距计算 ........................................................................... - 36 - 4.1.4孔桥减弱系数计算 .................................................................................................... - 37 - 4.1.5锅筒筒体允许最小减弱系数计算 ........................................................................... - 37 - 4.1.6锅筒凸形封头强度校核计算 ................................................................................... - 38 - 4.2安全阀排放能力校核计算 .................................................................................................. - 39 - 4.3本章小结 ................................................................................................................................ - 39 - 结 论 ................................................................................................................................................... - 39 - 参考文献 .............................................................................................................................................. - 42 - 致 谢 ................................................................................................................................................... - 40 -
IV