John Bull: the personification of England or the English. It was created by the writer John Arbuthnot in his satire The History of John Bull. Traditionally depicted as a short stock figure. John Bull was renowned for his bluntness, obstinacy and honesty.
Presbyterianism(长老会): Protestant Christian form of church government, which follows the theology and church order of John Calvin. It is based on the Calvinist interpretation of the Bible that regards all members of the Church as equal under Christ. Thus, leaders of the Church are elected by the members rather than installed by a hierarchy of bishops. Chapter 3
Danelaw: the code of Dane law. The term can also refer to the part of England that was ruled by Dane law. It was the price England had to pay for a century of peace with the Danes. Chapter 4 P192 亨利二世 The Black Death
Chapter 5
Transubstantiation(化体论): Roman Catholic doctrine that the sacramental elements of bread and wine, when consecrated in the Mass, are changed into the body and blood of the risen Christ. It is one of the mysteries of the Christian faith, and still a belief of the Catholic Church. Chapter 6
Divine right: This is a Doctrine which states that the king derives his authority from God, not people. The supreme authority of the state is personified in the king, but God could eliminated any king he did not like. It arose in France at the time of Renaissance and gave kings a basis for absolute power.
Noncon formists: the members of any Protestant church except the Church of England. Chapter 7
MP: Member of Parliament
“rotten borough”: one of the parliamentary constituencies in Britain before 1832. It held the right to elect members of parliament even though
the population was reduced or even non-existent.
Blood Mary:Queen of England and Ireland, so called because of her execution of numerous Protestants 简答题
Chapter 1
1.How do you describe the land features of Great Britain?
3.Do you think Britain has a changeable weather? Why?
Chapter2
2. What is “eisteddfod”?