中国古典散文英译（第一辑） 目录 1.岳阳楼记 2.项脊轩志 3.滕王阁序 4.前赤壁赋 5.桃花源记 6.醉翁亭记 7渔夫 8.鸿门宴 9.鱼我所欲也 10.邹忌讽齐王纳谏 11.马说 12.为学 13塞翁失马 14.庖丁解牛 15.苛政猛于虎 16.孔子世家赞 17.爱莲说 18.师说 19. 前出师表 20. 核舟记
1、岳阳楼记 （宋）范仲淹
庆历四年春，滕子京谪守巴陵郡。越明年，政通人和，百废具兴。乃重修岳阳楼，增其旧制，刻唐贤、今人诗赋于其上。属予作文以记之。
予观夫巴陵胜状，在洞庭一湖。衔远山，吞长江，浩浩汤汤，横无际涯；朝晖夕阴，气象万千。此则岳阳楼之大观也。前人之述备矣。然则北通巫峡，南极潇湘，迁客骚人，多会于此，览物之情，得无异乎？
若夫霪雨霏霏，连月不开，阴风怒号，浊浪排空；日星隐耀，山岳潜形；商旅不行，樯倾楫摧；薄暮冥冥，虎啸猿啼。登斯楼也，则有去国怀乡，忧谗畏讥，满目萧然，感极而悲者矣。
至若春和景明，波澜不惊，上下天光，一碧万顷；沙鸥翔集，锦鳞游泳；岸芷汀兰，郁郁青青。而或长烟一空，皓月千里，浮光跃金，静影沉璧，渔歌互答，此乐何极！登斯楼也，则有心旷神怡，宠辱偕忘，把酒临风，其喜洋洋者矣。
嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲；居庙堂之高则忧其民；处江湖之远则忧其君。是进亦忧，退亦忧。然则何时而乐耶？其必曰“先天下之忧而忧，后天下之乐而乐”乎。噫！微斯人，吾谁与归？
时六年九月十五日。 译文：
Yueyang Pavilion
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Fan Zhongyan
In the spring of the fourth year of the reign of Qingli, Teng Zijing was banished from the capital to be governor of Baling Prefecture. After he had govern the district for a year, the administration became efficient, the people became united, and all things that had fallen into disrepair were given a new lease on life. Then he restored Yueyang Pavilion, adding new splendor to the original structure and having inscribed on it pomes by famous men of the Tang Dynasty as well as the present time. And he asked me to write an essay to commemorate this. Now I have found that the finest sights of Baling are concentrated in the region of Lake Dongting. Dongting, nibbling at the distant hills and gulping down the Yangtze River, strikes all beholders as vast and infinite, presenting a scene of boundless variety; and this is the superb view from Yueyang Pavilion. All this has been described in full by writers of earlier ages. However, since the lake is linked with Wu Gorge in the north and extends to the Xiao and Xiang rivers in the south, many exiles and wandering poets gather here, and their reactions to these sights vary greatly. During a period of incessant rain, when a spell of bad weather continues for more than a month, when louring winds bellow angrily, tumultuous waves hurl themselves against the sky, sun and stars hide their light, hills and mountains disappear, merchants have to halt in their travels, masts collapse and oars splinter, the day darkens and the roars of tigers and howls of monkeys are heard, if men come to this pavilion with a longing for home in their hearts or nursing a feeling of bitterness because of taunts and slander, they may find the sight depressing and fall prey to agitation or despair. But during mild and bright spring weather, when the waves are unruffled and the azure translucence above and below stretches before your eyes for myriads of li, when the water-birds fly down to congregate on the sands and fish with scales like glimmering silk disport themselves in the water, when the iris and orchids on the banks grow luxuriant and green; or when dusk falls over this vast expanse and bright moon casts its light a thousand li, when the rolling waves glitter like gold and silent shadows in the water glimmer like jade, and the fishermen sing to each other for sheer joy, then men coming up to this pavilion may feel complete freedom of heart and ease of spirit, forgetting every worldly gain or setback, to hold their winecups in the breeze in absolute elation, delighted with life. But again when I consider the men of old who possessed true humanity, they seem to have responded quite differently. The reason, perhaps, may be this: natural beauty was not enough to make them happy, nor their own situation enough to make them sad. When such men are high in the government or at court, their first concern is for the people; when they retire to distant streams and lakes, their first concern is for their sovereign. Thus they worry both when in office and when in retirement. When, then, can they enjoy themselves in life? No doubt they are concerned before anyone else and enjoy themselves only after everyone else finds enjoyment. Surely there are the men in whose footsteps I should follow!
2、《项脊轩志》
项脊轩，旧南阁子也。室仅方丈，可容一人居。百年老屋，尘泥渗漉，雨泽下注；每移案，顾视无可置者。又北向，不能得日，日过午已昏。余稍为修葺，使不上漏。前辟四窗，
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垣墙周庭，以当南日，日影反照，室始洞然。又杂植兰桂竹木于庭，旧时栏楯，亦遂增胜。借书满架，偃仰啸歌，冥然兀坐，万籁有声；而庭阶寂寂，小鸟时来啄食，人至不去。三五之夜，明月半墙，桂影斑驳，风移影动，珊珊可爱。
然余居于此，多可喜，亦多可悲。先是庭中通南北为一。迨诸父异爨，内外多置小门，墙往往而是。东犬西吠，客逾庖而宴，鸡栖于厅。庭中始为篱，已为墙，凡再变矣。家有老妪，尝居于此。妪，先大母婢也，乳二世，先妣抚之甚厚。室西连于中闺，先妣尝一至。妪每谓余曰：“某所，而母立于兹。”妪又曰：“汝姊在吾怀，呱呱而泣；娘以指叩门扉曰：‘儿寒乎？欲食乎？’吾从板外相为应答。”语未毕，余泣，妪亦泣。余自束发读书轩中，一日，大母过余曰：“吾儿，久不见若影，何竟日默默在此，大类女郎也？”比去，以手阖门，自语曰：“吾家读书久不效，儿之成，则可待乎！”顷之，持一象笏至，曰：“此吾祖太常公宣德间执此以朝，他日汝当用之！”瞻顾遗迹，如在昨日，令人长号不自禁。
轩东，故尝为厨；人往，从轩前过。余扃牖而居，久之，能以足音辨人。轩凡四遭火，得不焚，殆有神护者。
项脊生曰：“蜀清守丹穴，利甲天下，其后秦皇帝筑女怀清台；刘玄德与曹操争天下，诸葛孔明起陇中。方二人之昧昧于一隅也，世何足以知之？余区区处败屋中，方扬眉瞬目，谓有奇景。人知之者，其谓与坎井之蛙何异？”
余既为此志，后五年，吾妻来归。时至轩中，从余问古事，或凭几学书。吾妻归宁，述诸小妹语曰：“闻姊家有阁子，且何谓阁子也？”其后六年，吾妻死，室坏不修。其后二年，余久卧病无聊，乃使人复葺南阁子，其制稍异于前。然自后余多在外，不常居。
庭有枇杷树，吾妻死之年所手植也，今已亭亭如盖矣。
The Nape Gui Youguang
The south passageway from our sidedoor known as the ―Nape‖ is barely ten square feet, just big enough to serve as a room for one. Our house is a hundred years old. Dust used to fall and rain to drip through the ceiling, and I could find nowhere else to move my desk. Moreover, facing north and getting no sun, the room grew dark after noon. I patched it up so that it no longer leaked, opened windows in front and built a wall south of the courtyard to reflect the sunlight and brighten
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up the place. I also planted orchids, cassias and bamboos, showing off the old balustrades to better advantage. My shelves are piled with books, and here I rest and sing or sit quietly listening to the sounds all around in the stillness of the courtyard. Small birds alighting in search of food do not fly off at the approach of men, and when a full moon casts its bright light over half the wall the mottled shadows of the cassia trees stir in the wind with a dappled loveliness.
For me this place has happy occasions as well as sad ones. The north and south buildings were formerly connected, but my uncles divided up the house, adding various small walls and doors here and there, so that a dog on the east side barks at the west side, to enter the dining-room guests have to pass the kitchen, and hens roost in the hall. First fences were built in the courtyard, later walls, renovated more than once. An old family maid used to stay in this little chamber. Because she had been my grandmother's maid and nurse in our house for two generations, my mother showed her special consideration. Her chamber opened into the inner apartments and my mother sometimes visited her there. This old nurse told me where my mother had stood, recalling, ―When your elder sister was crying in my lap, your mother would tap on the door and ask, 'Is the child cold? Does she want to be fed?' And I would answer through the wooden door.‖ Before she finished my eyes were wet, and hers, too.
One day, after I have bound up my hair and started studying in this chamber, my grandmother came in to me and said, ―Child, I haven't seen so much as your shadow for days. Why shut yourself up here all the time, quiet as a girl?‖ On leaving, as she closed the door she mused, ―The men of our family have studied all these years without success, but perhaps this child will get somewhere.‖ So she came back with an ivory tablet and told me, ―My grandfather carried this tablet when he went to court as officer of ceremony. Who knows but some day you may use it?‖ It seems just like yesterday when I look at these relics, the sight of which now sets me weeping, unable to stop.
There used to be a kitchen east of this chamber, and as time went by I learned to recognize the steps of the passersby behind closed doors. Four times the place caught fire but was never destroyed, as if under the protection of kindly spirits.
The Master of the Nape comments: Widow Qing of Sichuan, who kept a cinnabar mine, was the richest women in the land — the First Emperor of Qin built a tower to commemorate her.
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When Liu Bei and Cao Cao were contesting for power, Zhuge Liang arose in Longzhong. Yet while the widow and the wise man were staying quietly in their different corners, the world knew nothing of them. My content in this shabby room, where I hold forth with dancing eyebrows and sparkling eyes on the wonders around me, must remind those who know me of the proverbial frog in the well. That is why I have made this record.
Five years later, my wife came to our house. She often slipped into this chamber to ask about bygone days or practise her writing at my desk. Returning from a visit to her family, she told me her younger sister wanted to know, ―What is that passageway we hear your house has?‖ Six years later my wife died, I let the place go to ruin. After another two years, lying ill for months with nothing much to do, I got men to rebuild this south passageway with some slight changes. But since then my frequent absences from home have rarely allowed me to stay here. The loquat tree which I planted in the courtyard the year that my wife died has grown up now to give shade. 3、王勃·《滕王阁序》
豫章故郡，洪都新府；星分翼轸，地接衡庐；襟三江而带五湖，控蛮荆而引瓯越。物华天宝，龙光射牛斗之墟；人杰地灵，徐孺下陈蕃之榻。雄州雾列，俊采星驰。台隍枕夷夏之交，宾主尽东南之美。都督阎公之雅望，棨戟遥临；宇文新州之懿范，襜帷暂驻。十旬休假，胜友如云；千里逢迎，高朋满座。腾蛟起凤，孟学士之词宗；紫电清霜，王将军之武库。家君作宰，路出名区，童子何知，躬逢胜饯。
时维九月，序属三秋。潦水尽而寒潭清，烟光凝而暮山紫。俨骖騑于上路，访风景于崇阿。临帝子之长洲，得天人之旧馆。层峦耸翠，上出重霄；飞阁流丹，下临无地。鹤汀凫渚，穷岛屿之萦回；桂殿兰宫，即冈峦之体势。披绣闼，俯雕甍，山原旷其盈视，川泽纡其骇瞩。闾阎扑地，钟鸣鼎食之家；舸舰迷津，青雀黄龙之舳。云销雨霁，彩彻云衢。落霞与孤鹜齐飞，秋水共长天一色。渔舟唱晚，响穷彭蠡之滨；雁阵惊寒，声断衡阳之浦。
遥襟甫畅，逸兴遄飞。爽籁发而清风生，纤歌凝而白云遏。睢园绿竹，气凌彭泽之樽；邺水朱华，光照临川之笔。四美具，二难并；穷睇眄于中天，极娱游于暇日。天高地迥，觉宇宙之无穷；兴尽悲来，识盈虚之有数。望长安于日下，目吴会于云间；地势极而南溟深，天柱高而北辰远。关山难越，谁悲失路之人？萍水相逢，尽是他乡之客。怀帝阍而不见，奉宣室以何年？
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