新SATACT 文章改错(语法)部分比较更新(3)

2019-08-31 15:55

综上所述,除题目数量,文章选材以及图表题以外,ACT文章改错与改革后SAT语法部分几乎没有区别,所以ACT文章改错题可以作为新SAT语法部分的很好的备考参考资料。

三、考点重合,考查形式不同

由于目前Collegeboard官方出具的改革后样题数目比较少,而且题目数量也并不是最终题目数目,所以很多官方给出的考试范围在样题中并没有体现出来,而ACT中的很多题目与新SAT Writing and Language科目官方给出的考试范围有很多重合的部分。例如:

重合考点一:Style and Tone的考察

在官方公布的新SAT改革文件中的Wring and Language给出的考试范围中,明确说明了新SAT会对Style and tone进行考察。官方的考试要求中对于style and tone是这样解释的:The student will revise text as necessary to ensure consistency of style and tone within a text or to improve the match of style and tone to purpose. 也就是说,学生需要按照需要保证作者的用词与整篇文章的语调形式和谐一致。这种题型在新版样题中有一道题目比较符合这个考察点

A subway system is expanded to provide service to a growing suburb. A bike-sharing program is adopted to encourage nonmotorized transportation. 1 To alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated. When any one of these changes 2 occur, it is likely the result of careful analysis conducted by transportation planners. 1. Which choice best maintains the sentence pattern already established in the paragraph? A. NO CHANGE B.Coordinating stoplight timing can help alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area. C.Stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams in a congested downtown area. D.In a congested downtown area, stoplight timing is coordinated to alleviate rush hour traffic jams. 该题考察的是文章句式需要统句式,第一句的语序与第二句的语序大体对应,所以该题选择的是C选项。在官方解释中,该题考察的目标是:Students must revise text to ensure consistency of style within a series of sentences.也就是SAT语法考纲中的Style and Tone的考察点。在ACT的文章改错题型考纲中也有明确考察Style and Tone的题型,但是不是非常类似,请看例题:

The school board members

believed that wearing “play clothes” to school made the students inefficient toward their 32. F. NO CHANGE 32 G. lazy and bored to tears with

school work, while more formal attire established H. blow off a positive educational climate. J. lax and indifference toward

该题选择J选项。这篇文章讲的内容是一个法律案件,而法律案件文体需要保证客观公正的语气,这句话在强调school board members的belief,所以可以迅速排除掉GH两个选项,因为GH的用词用在这篇文章里面是非常不适合的,过于粗暴。而F选项中的inefficient用词不是很恰当,inefficient通常描述的是一个能力或者技能,而并不是描述的对于school work的态度,所以J选项更加适合。

重合考点二:Focus

改革后SAT给出的考试范围中,有一类考点叫做Focus,对于Focus考点是解释为:The student will add, revise, retain, or delete information and ideas in text for the sake of relevance to topic and purpose. 也就是说,学生需要根据与文章主题和目的的相关性去添加,改进,保留,或者删除文章中的信息。这个在改革后SAT样题中没有题目对应,但是在ACT文章改错中有非常相近的题目。看一道例题:

In the early 1900s the O’odham became acquainted with marching bands and woodwind instruments (which explains the presence of saxophones in waila). 13. Given that all of the choices are

true, which one is most relevant to the focus of this paragraph.?

A. NO CHANGE

B. (although fiddles were once widely used in waila bands).

C. (even though they’re now often constructed of metal).

D. (which are frequently found in jazz bands also).

该题选择的是A选项,这道题目考察的能力与改革文件中对于focus的要求非常吻合,考生需要通过文章主题判断该句话的重心,以此来判断哪个选项与这一段的主题有关。

重合考点三:其他的基本语法点

由于改革后SAT样题只有15道,所以并没有覆盖所有的基本语法考点,仅仅出现了一道主谓一致和代词,一道平行结构的题目。但是其他的基本语法点在ACT的文章改错题目中都是可以找到的。在此举几个相对于主谓一致,时态等常规考点以外,在国内语法体系中

比较少见的考点的题目供各位考生参考:

如 Modifier placement,改革后SAT考试范围中明确要求考生能够识别并修改句子中的修饰语问题,这个考点在现行SAT中也是一个重点考点,而在ACT文章改错中,也是非常常见的一个考点,如ACT的Prep Guide中的一道题目:

The O’ odham in the 1700sfirst encountered 11. All of the following would be acceptable 11 placements for the underlined portion the guitars of Spanish missionaries. EXCEPT: A. where it is now.

B. at the beginning of the sentence(revising the capitalization accordingly). C. after the word guitars.

D.after the word missionaries (ending the sentence with a period).

又如名词所有格的考察,在改革后SAT考试范围说明中,明确要求考生能够准确识别并且修改名词所有格以及物主代词,并且区分所有格形式以及复数形式。这一点在样题中没有体现,并且在现行SAT中也很少出现,但是在ACT文章改错题目中有相应题型,如Prep Guide中:

The practice of 23. A. NO CHANGE

advancing a person’s age seems to me to reflect the value a B. persons’ age 23 C. persons age society places on life experience and longevity. D. person’s age,

四、ACT文章改错题型在改革后SAT中可能

不会出现的题型

在上一版的ACT与改革后SAT对比的文档中,笔者发现在ACT文章改错中有两种题型在新SAT官方给出样题中没有出现。此次更新后的SAT样题中,出现了一道题,与ACT重合,也就是“定向修改题”。更加印证了之前笔者说明的,练习ACT English部分对于大家改革后SAT语法部分的备考是非常非常有帮助的。至此,没有完整对应的题目只剩下一种,就是Fulfill题

作者目的与文章目的是否匹配题目(Fulfill题)

这种题型会问及文章是否真正服务于作者的写作目的,要求考生从选项给出的回答中选

出合适的回答。如:

文章略

Question 45 asks about the preceding passage as a whole. 45. Suppose the writer’s goal had been to write a brief persuasive essay urging students to exercise their constitutional rights. Would this essay fulfill that goal?

A. Yes, because the essay focuses on how

Kevin encouraged other students to exercise their constitutional rights.

B. Yes, because the essay focuses on various

types of clothing historically worn by students as a freedom of expression.

C. No, because the essay suggests that the

right to wear blue jeans was not a substantial constitutional right in the 1970s.

D. No, because the essay objectively reports

on one case of a student exercising a particular constitutional right.

这种题型问到这篇文章是否能够准确服务于作者的写文章的目的。需要我们注意的是:改革后SAT给出的考试范围中,有一类考点叫做Support,对于Support考点是解释为: The student will add, revise, or retain central ideas, main claims, counterclaims, topic sentences, and the like to structure text and convey arguments, information, and ideas clearly and effectively. 也就是说考生要能够添加修改或者保留文章中心句,论据等结构去清晰有效地传递论证信息。这个考点在改革SAT样题中并没有相关例题,但是在ACT文章改错中的这种匹配题所考察的能力非常像,这种题型在改革后SAT中是否会以这种形式出现暂时存疑。

五、备考建议

在改革后SAT官方OG还没有出来之前,建议考生可以通过熟悉ACT English文章改错题目备考。有同学可能会倾向于使用现行SAT中的Improving Paragraph题目进行备考,但是根据笔者经验,参考价值确实不大,Improving Paragraph中有许多的语法规则以及文章规则在ACT English和改革后SAT中并不适用,如代词的指代原则等等,所以做Improving Paragraph容易误导考生。而根据以上文章比对,我们可以明显的看出改革后SAT和ACT文章改错除了图表题以外,可以说几乎没有区别。这更加印证了ACT考试在English部分考查的科学性,而关于ACT我们也有大量的备考材料可以去用。对于图表题目,考生也可以适当做一些ACT Science的题目,增强自己的读表能力。在上一版的对比中,笔者建议大

家以SAT Improving Paragraph作为辅助材料去练习,但是在官方发布了完整样题以后,笔者不再建议这样做,因为确实两者之间差别较大。

大象教育 SAT/ACT语法老师王冬

2015年3月24日星期二


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