vt. 装阀于
ignition [iɡ'ni??n] n. 1.(汽油引擎的)发火装置
2.着火；点火；点燃
lubricate ['lubr?'ket] vt. 1.加油润滑
2.使润滑
combustion [k?m'b?st??n] n. 燃烧，烧毁 chamber ['t?eimb?] n. 1.房间
piston ['pist?n] usable ['ju:z?b?l] mechanical [mi'k?nik?l] occur [?'k?:] cylinder ['silind?] stroke [str?uk] intake ['inteik] compression [k?m'pre??n] exhaust. [iɡ'z?:st] mixture ['mikst??] fluid ['flu?d] trap [tr?p] 2.（人体、植物或机器内的）腔，室 n. 〈机〉活塞
adj. 1.可用的；能用的
2.合用的；便于使用的
adj. 1.机械的，力学的，发动机的
2.机械似的；呆板的
vi. 1.发生；举行；存在
2.被发现；想到[起]
n. 1.圆筒, 圆柱, 圆柱体
2.汽缸, 泵体
n. 1.（打、击等的）一下，一击
2.(机件等的)来回动作
n. 1.吸入，纳入
2.(液体等)进入口；吸水管（泵）
n. 1.挤压，压缩
2.(内燃机的)压缩冲程
vt. 1.弄空，取出
2.用尽, 耗尽 vi. 1.排气
n. 1.排气装置，排气管[孔] 2.机器排出的废气
n. 混合物；混合；结合体 adj. 1.流体的，流动的
2.易变的，不固定的 n. 液体, 流体 vt. 1.诱骗；诱捕；设陷阱捕捉
2.困住，使陷入绝境
compress [k?m'pres] vt. 1.压紧, 压缩 2.精简
ratio ['rei?i?u] n. 比, 比例, 比率 squeeze [skwi:z] vt. 榨取, 挤出
volume ['v?lju:m] n. 1.卷, 册, 书卷
2.体积；容积, 容量
spark [spɑ:k] n. 火花；火星 ignite [iɡ'nait] vt. & vi. 1.点燃；引发
2.（使）燃烧；着火
vapor ['veip?] n. 水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物；自夸者 propel [pr?'pel] vt. 1.推进；推动
2.驱动，驱使；迫使；推搡
crankshaft ['kr??k?ɑ:ft] n. 机轴
expel [iks'pel] vt. 1.排出，驱逐，赶走
2.排出，喷出
muffler ['m?fl?] n. 1.围巾
2.消声器；消音器
Technical Terms spark plug 火花塞 camshaft 凸轮轴 flywheel 调速轮 oil pan 油底壳 bearing 轴承 connecting rod 连杆 crankshaft 曲轴 power stoke 活塞行程
intake stroke 进气行程 compression stroke 压缩行程 exhaust stroke 排气行程
Phrases and Expressions is regarded as 被当做，被看作 be classified into 分(类)为……
is applied to 适用于，应用于，施加于 converted into (使)转而变为……
draw into 1. (火车或汽车)到站; 徐徐进站
2. 把……拉进, 吸引进
Notes to Reading A 1. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber.
燃烧汽缸中释放的热能将汽缸内的内燃气体温度升高。 2. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power.
汽缸内的压强不断产生以用于活塞头产生可用的机械动力，随后转变成为有用的机械动能。
3. The piston travels down on the intake stroke, up on the compression stroke, down on the power stroke and up on the exhaust stroke.
进气行程，活塞下行；压缩行程，活塞上行；做功行程，活塞下行；排气行程，活塞上行。
4. The amount that the mixture is compressed is determined by the compression ratio of the engine.
混合气的压缩量，由发动机的压缩比决定。
5. The spark plug fires, igniting the compressed air-fuel mixture which produces a powerful expansion of the vapor.
火花塞点燃压缩的空气燃油混合气，燃烧使混合气迅速膨胀。
Task 2 Reading the passage again and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F)。
( ) 1. Engine used in automobiles are external combustion heat engines.
( ) 2. According to different standards, engine can be classified into different types.
( ) 3. When the piston reaches the bottom of the intake stroke, the intake valve opens, trapping the air-fuel mixture in the cylinder.
( ) 4. Any type of engine usually includes five basic systems, i.e. the starting,
fuel, ignition, cooling and electrical systems.
( ) 5. By the time the crankshaft completes one revolutions, each cylinder in the engine will have gone through one power stroke.
Task 3 Vocabulary Exercises
Ⅰ. Match the following expressions with their Chinese meanings。 A. compression stroke ( ) 发动机的压缩比 B. spark plug ( ) 机械动力 C. internal combustion heat engine ( ) 火花塞
D. mechanical force ( ) 压缩的空气燃油混合气 E. the bottom of the intake stroke ( ) 排气系统 F. the compression ratio of the engine ( ) 内燃发动机
G. compressed air-fuel mixture ( ) 进气行程的下止点 H. exhaust system ( ) 压缩行程
Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases given below. Change their forms if necessary.
propel valve volume mechanical spark plug
exhaust piston convert ignite compress
1. The oil, engine components and the ___________ exhaust system are hot and can burn you.
2. A _____________ that is too loose can overheat and damage the engine. 3. An engine can _____________ fuel into energy that moves the automobile. 4. The ship is _____________ by steam.
5. I am a ________________ engineering student in the university of Qinghua. 6. Pressure varies directly with temperature and inversely with___________. 7. She got into the car and switched on the ____________. 8. They use ____________ engine instead.
Task 4 focusing on Sentence Structure Ⅰ. Rewrite the following sentences after the model, using the word “whatever”.
Model: No matter what type it is of, the engine always has two main working parts: crank connecting rod and valve system. Whatever type it is of, the engine always has two main working parts: crank connecting rod and valve system. 1. No matter what you do, you should do it well.
2. Don?t trust him, no matter what he says.
3. The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ，no matter what the season is. Ⅱ. Rewrite the following sentences after the model, using the word “with”.
Model: The piston is at the bottom of the cylinder. The exhaust valve opens to allow the burned exhaust gas to be expelled to the exhaust system. With the piston at the bottom of the cylinder, the exhaust valve opens to allow the burned exhaust gas to be expelled to 1. The little girls? hands frozen red. The little girls were playing with snow .
2. The master was walking up and down. The ruler is under his arm.
3. Production is up by 60％. The company has had another excellent year．
Task 5 Translate the following paragraph in Reading A into Chinese.
Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the
the exhaust system.