名词性从句
从句知识导图
?定语从句??主语从句????宾语从句 从句?名词性从句???表语从句???同位语从句??状语从句：时间/地点/原因/目的/结果/条件/让步 名词性从句
主语从句 that Whether/if (是否） 连接词 不能省 句首只能用whether 动宾 可以省略 whether/if 宾语从句 介宾 禁用 只用whether 表语从句 同位语从句 不能省 只用whether 不能省 只用whether 连接代词：which, what, who 连接副词：when, where, why, how 引导名词性从句，要用陈述句语序
一、主语从句：从句在句中充当主语成分 1）That he will succeed is certain. 2）Whether he will go there is not known. 3）What he said is not true.
4）Where he hid the money is to be found out. 5）Whoever comes is welcome. 6）It’s certain that he will succeed.
7）How we can help the twins will be discussed at the meeting. 8）When they’ll start the project has not been decided yet.
1. it做形式主语
① It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that 从句 It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 翻译：他可能会告诉她所有的事情。 译：
② It+be+名词（词组）(no wonder, an honor, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that从句
It’s a pity that we can’t go.
翻译：我们队已经赢得这场比赛并不令人惊奇。 译：
③ It+be+过去分词 (said, reported, thought, expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句
It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 翻译：经决定，会议已经推迟到下周一了 译： 注意：
① that, whether, if 在从句中不作成分，whether/if（是否），that不作成分，不翻译，但是不能省略。
It is unfair./Women are treated unequally in some areas. 合并句子：
It is undoubted. /Taiwan belongs to China. 合并句子：
② whether/if（是否），位于句首只能用whether It is a question./ He should get married. 合并句子：
③ wh-词作成分, 引导陈述语序
Who takes the first step is not a big deal. 用连接词填空
we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.
you have done might do harm to other people.
has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month. caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
二、宾语从句：从句在句中充当宾语成分（可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语）
1) They know that the habit will kill them. 2) It all depends on whether they wil support us. 3) He asked how much i paid for the violion.
4) He made it clear to the public that he did an important and necessary job. 5) I find it necessary that we should do the homework. 注意：
1) 时态一致：主句--过去, 宾从--过去
例外: 主句--过去，宾从--一般现在 (真理性事实)
My mother told me the sun ____ in the east and sets in the west. Tom asked me why KFC _____ its price again. (raise, rise)
The teacher told his class taht light faster than sound.(travel ) 2) that在宾语从句中不作成分, 无翻译, 可省略 I don’t think (that) he is handsome. 3）it作形式宾语
在可以接复合宾语的动词后，如think, make, consider等，可用it作形式宾语 Do you know (that ) he has joined the army? We think it highly probable that he is dead.
We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. He has made it clear that he will not give in.
三、表语从句：从句在句中作表语成分，一般在系动词之后 1）引导表语从句中，表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if The question is whether we can rely on him.
2）as if/as though, because, why也可以引导表语从句 It looked as if it was going to rain. That’s because he didn’t work hard enough. That was why I asked for three day’s leave.
注：because引导表语从句时，主语不能是reason或cause，而且since，as不能引导表语从句。
3）that引导表语从句，不可省略
My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o’clock tomorrow morning.
Your ability has never been in doubt—the question is you are prepared to work hard.
四、同位语从句: 在从句中充当同位语成分，一般跟在抽象名词后，对名词进行进一步解释，补充说明。
常用的抽象名词有fact/ idea/reason/thought/order/doubt/news/hope/truth/belief theory/decision/discovery/problem/evidence/opinion…
1) The idea that computers can recognize human vocies surprises many people. 2) Word canme that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
3) Sydney kept his promise that he would always do anything he could for Lucie to make sure of her happiness. 注：
1）只能用whether引导同位语从句，不能用if I have no idea whether it will rain tomorrow. 2) 同位语从句和定语从句的区别 从句和先行词的关系 that在从句中的作用 同位语从句 从句解释或补充说明先行词 不担当任何句子成分 定语从句 从句修饰限制先行词 担当句子成分 在从句中作宾语时能省略 that能否省略 不能省略 区别:
1. The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday.
2. The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups.
判断下列是同位语从句or定语从句
1. The news that he will leave for Shanghai is true. 2. The news that we got last week is true.
3. I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 4. The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 5. I have heard the news that he visited our factory. 6. I have heard the news that he told you the other day.
3 3)当doubt作名词用时，同位语从句如果是肯定式，引导词用whether；如果是 否定式，引导词用that
There is some doubt whether their football team will win the match. There is no doubt that they will agree with you on this matter.
4)同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所要说明的名词后面， 而是被别的词隔 开，这种从句叫分隔式同位语从句。
The idea occurred to me that he was not a child any more.
The whole truth came out at last that it was a wolf in sheep's clothing. 五、wh-ever引导名词性从句 Whatever he likes will be given to him. Whoever did this job must be rewarded.
She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 注：no matter +wh- 不能引导名词性从句