类型8| 社会生活
考查要点 方法技巧 1.社会生活中所遇到的各种机遇和1.明确文章的体裁，把握文章的结构。 挑战。 2．运用归纳概括等方法得出文章的主2．迎接机遇或挑战的观点和态度。 题。 3．处理或解决问题的方式、方法。 3．明确事情的前因后果，找出问题的解4．人们工作、生活、社交的方式决办法。 及其影响。 4．抓住诸多细节，推知文章的寓意。
(2017·浙江温州4月模拟)
On Friday，March 13，28-year-old Genovese was returning home from work.Approaching her apartment，she was attacked by a man.Though she repeatedly called for help，none of the people in the neighborhood helped.The attack began at 3：20 am，but it was not until 3：50 am that someone first called the police.This is a most typical example of the bystander effect in psychology.
The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need.
Two major factors contribute to the bystander effect.First，the presence of other people creates diffusion (分散) of responsibility.With other observers around，individuals (个体) do not feel much pressure to take action，since the responsibility to take action is thought to be shared among those present.The second reason is the need to behave in correct and socially acceptable ways.When other observers fail to react，individuals often take this as a signal that a response is not needed.Researchers have found that onlookers are less likely to act if the situation is ambiguous，where things are often confusing and not so clear.
So what can you do to avoid falling into this trap? Psychologists suggest that simply being aware of this tendency is the greatest way to break the cycle.When you face a situation that requires action，you should understand the bystander effect and
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consciously(有意识地) take action.But what if you are the person in need of assistance? One often-recommended approach is to single out one person from the crowd.Make eye contact and ask that individual specifically for help.By individualizing your request，it becomes much harder for people to turn you down. 24．The story of Genovese is to show ．
A．the bystander effect B．the murderer's cruelty C．the neighbors' selfishness D．the poor public security
25．Onlookers fail to take action because the situation is ．
A．urgent C．tense
B．dangerous D．vague
26．What should you do when you need help from bystanders in an accident?
A．Make a polite request. B．Turn to a specific person. C．Become aware of the tendency. D．Stay away from possible danger.
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了旁观者效应。
长难句解读： The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need.
分析：这是一个较复杂的复合句。主句是The term bystander effect refers to the phenomenon，后面的in which the greater the number of people present is，the less likely people are to help a person in need是定语从句，修饰the phenomenon，同时从句中又有“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，意为“越……越……”。 翻译：旁观者效应就是指这样一种现象，在场的人数越多，人们帮助处于困难中的人的可能性越小。
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