动名词和分词 一 动名词的形式和特征
动名词由动词原形加词尾ing构成,与现在分词形式相同。
动名词可以起名词的作用，在句子做主语和宾语等；同时还保留着一点动词的特征，如有完成式和被动语态，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 二 动名词的用法 1 做主语
1) Reading aloud is very important in learning a foreign language. 2) Taking is easier than doing.
下面句型中的it是形式主语，动名词短语是真正主语 1）It’s no use talking about it.
2）I don’t think it’s much good writing to him. 2 做宾语
1）It’s cold here. Would you mind closing the window? 肯定回答 Certainly not或 of course not
2）At the age of twelve, Edison began selling newspapers on a train. 3）Please stop talking. 4）He enjoys listening to me. 5）Thank you for helping me. 3 做表语
1）My job is teaching you English. 2）Seeing is believing.
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4 做定语
1）There is a swimming pool in our school. 2）The cave was a good hiding-place for Crusoe.
动名词和现在分词作定语的区别：动名词和现在分词在形式上完全不同，都可以做定语。动名词作定语时，表示它所修饰的名称的用途,而不是动作。现在分词做定语时，表示它所修饰的名称正在进行的动作。试比较：
1）a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) 一辆卧车；一节卧铺车厢。这里的sleeping是动名词作定语，修饰car，说明car是作睡觉用的。 2）a sleeping child(= a child who is sleeping)
这里的sleeping 是现在分词作定语，修饰child，说明child 正在睡觉。 翻译下面的句子
1 1）drinking water 2）a sleeping car 3）a swimming fool 4）building materials 5）a hiding-place 6）a dancing hall 7）climbing boots 8）a waiting room 2 Excuse me for coming late.
3 Would you mind repeating the sentence? 4 Seeing the picture, he could not help laughing. 5 It is no use talking like this. 6 We all like swimming and skating.
7Have you finished writing your composition?
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9 The ant queen’s full-time job is laying eggs. Do you remember giving me this photo?
三 动名词的完成式 由“having+过去分词”构成。表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
1）He doesn’t remember having ever promised me that. 2）She regretted having missed the film. 四 动名词的被动式 由“being+动名词构成。 1）I remember being taken to Beijing when I was a child. 2）He came in without being asked.
五 动名词的否定形式 由not+动名词构成
1）The girl made her mother angry by not taking her medicine. 2) I regret not being able to help you.
六 动名词的复合结构 由物主代词或名词所有格加动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语。
1）Do you mind my closing the window?
2）The student’s knowing English well helping him in learning French. 3) I remember Wei Fang’s going there.
注：在口语和非正式的英语中，这种结构如不在句首时常用人称代词宾格代替物主动词，用名词普通格代替所有格。 1）They don’t like me coming here. 2）I remember Wei Fang going there. 用动词的正确时态填空
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1 She wishes (start, learn) the piano soon.
2 The door finally said, why not try (do)exercises (close)weight. 3 She could not thank him enough for (do) his best (teach) her.
4 They agreed (stop, quarrel) with each other. 5 We saw her (try, do) the experiment again. 6 She hates (get) up early (go) to school.
7 I want you (try, solve) the problem all by yourself. 8 She has no time (finish, write) this letter. 分词
分词有现在分词和过去分词两种。它兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以有宾语或状语。分词和宾语或状语一起构成分词短语。 一 现在分词
现在分词由动词原形加词尾ing构成。现在分词由一般式和完成式,及物动词的现在分词由主动语态和被动语态。其形式如下：
一般式 现在分词 完成式 Having done having been done 主动形式 doing 被动语态 being done 1 现在分词一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作一般同时
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进行，而完成式所表示的动作则在谓语动词所表示的动作之前已经完成了。
1）He hurried home, looking behind as he went. 2）Having finished their work, they had a rest.
2 现在分词的被动语态 也分为一般式和完成式两种。一般式表示一个被动动作同时进行。完成式表示一个被动动作在谓语动词表示的动作之前已经完成了。
1）The large building being built(= which is being built) down the street will be a hospital.
2）Having been shown the labs, we were taken to see the library. 现在分词的用法。 （1）作定语
1）Crusoe lit a fire and from it took a burning stick. 2）The boy standing there is a classmate of mine. 3）There were a lot of boys in the field playing football. （2）作表语
1) The story sounds interesting.
2) The volleyball match we watched was very exciting. （3）作宾语补足语
分词在复合宾语中可作宾语补足语。可带这种复合宾语的动词有： see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep等。 1）We heard her singing in her room.
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