学位英语试题集(2)
go through two steps before he can help. First he has to notice that is an emergency.
Suppose you see a middle-aged man fall to the side-walk is he having a heart attack? Is he in a coma(昏迷）from diabetes(糖尿病）？ Or is he about to sleep off a drunk?
Is the smoke coming into the room a leak in the air conditioning? Is it \pipes\with a read emergency.
Second, and more important, the person face with an emergency must feel personally responsible. He must feel that he must help, or the person won't get help he needs.
The researchers found that a lot depends on how many people are around. They had college students in to be \came in large groups. The receptionist started them off on the \into the next room. A curtain divided the “testing room” and the room into which she went. Soon the students heard a scream, the noise of file cabinets falling and a cry for help. All of his had been pre-recorded on a tape-recorder.
Eight out of ten of the students taking the test alone acted to help. Of the students in pairs, only two out f ten helped. Of the students in groups, none helped.
In other words, in a group, Americans often fail to act. They feel that others will act. They, themselves, needn’t. They do not feel any direct responsibility.
Are people bothered by situations where people are in trouble? Yes. Scientists found that the people were emotional, they sweated, they had trembling hands. They felt the other person’s trouble. But they did not act. They were in a group. Their actions were shaped by the actions of those they were with. 24.The purpose of this passage is __________.
A. to explain why people fail to act in emergencies B. to explain when people will act in emergencies C. to explain what people will do in emergencies D. to explain how people feel in emergencies 25.Which of the following is NOT true?
A. When a person to help other, he must be clear that there is a real emergency. B. When a person tries to help others, he should know whether they are worth his help.
C. A person must take the full responsibility for the safety of those in emergencies if he wants to help.
D. A person with a heart attack needs the most.
26.The researchers have conducted an experiment to prove that people will act in emergencies when ___________.
A. they are in pairs B. they are in groups
C. they are alone D. they are with their friends
44. The main reason why people fail to act when they together is that __________. A. they are afraid of emergencies
B. they are reluctant to get themselves involved C. others will act if they themselves hesitate
D. they do not have any direct responsibility for those who need help 45. The author suggests that __________.
A. we shouldn’t blame a person if he fails to act in emergencies B. a person must feel guilty if he fails to help
C. people should be responsible for themselves in emergencies D. when you are in trouble, people will help you anyway. Passage 2
People do not analyze every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a similar problem. They often accept the opinions or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without thinking; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all these methods fail, the person with a problem has to start analyzing. There are six stages in analyzing a problem.
First the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually dose. Sam must see that there is a problem with his bicycle.
Next the thinker must define the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must find the reason why it does not work. For instance, he must determine if the problem is with the gears, the brakes, or the frame. He must make his problem more specific.
Now the person must look for information that will make the problem clearer and lead to possible solutions. For instance, suppose Sam decided that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the gear wheels. At this time, he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about gears. He can talk to his friends at the bike shop. He can look at his gears carefully. After studying the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as illustration. His suggestions might be: put oil on the gear wheels; buy new gear wheels and replace the old ones; tighten or loosen the gear wheels.
Eventually one suggestion seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the final idea comes very suddenly because the thinker suddenly sees something new or sees something in a new way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees that there is a piece of chewing gum(口香糖) between the gear wheels. He immediately realizes the solution his problem: he must clean the gear wheels.
Finally the solution is tested. Sam cleans the gear wheels and finds that afterwards his bicycle works perfectly. In short, he has solved the problem. 46. What is the best title for this passage? A. Six Stages for Repairing Sam’s Bicycle
B. Possible Ways to Problem-solving C. Necessities of Problem Analysis D. suggestions for Analyzing a Problem
47. In analyzing a problem we should do all the following except ________. A. recognize and define the problem
B. look for information to make the problem clearer C. have suggestions for a possible solution D. find a solution by trial or mistake
48. By referring to Sam’s broken bicycle, the author intends to____________ A. illustrate the ways to repair his bicycle B. discuss the problems of his bicycle C. tell us how to solve a problem
D. show us how to analyses a problem 49. Which of the following is NOT true ?
A. People do not analyze the problem they meet
B. People often accept the opinions or ideas of other people C. People may learn form their past experience. D. People can not solve some problems they meet.
50. As used in the last sentence, the phrase “ in short” means________ A. in the long run B. in detail C. in a word D. in the end Passage 3
The poverty line is the minimum that people need for an acceptable standard of living. People with incomes below the poverty line are considered poor. Economists study the causes of poverty in order to the problem.
As the general standard of living in the country rises, the poverty line does, too. Therefore, even with today’s relatively high standard of living, about 10 percent of the people in the United States are below the poverty line. However, if these people had stable jobs, they could have an acceptable standard of living. Economists suggest several reasons why poor people do not have jobs.
For one thing, more than half of the poor people in the United States are not qualified to work. Over 40 percent of the poor people are children. By law, children less than 16 years old cannot work in many industries. A large number of poor people are old. Many companies do not hire people over 65 years old, the normal retirement age.
Some poor people look for a job but cannot find one. Many poor adults never went to high school. Therefore, when they look for jobs, they have few skills that they can offer.
At the present time, the government thinks it can reduce poverty in the will no longer be following ways.
First, if the national economy grows, businesses and industries hire more workers. Some of the poor who are qualified to look for jobs may find employment. Then they
will no longer be below the poverty line.
Second, if society invests in the poor, the poor will become more productive. If the government spends money on social programs, education, and training for poor people, the poor will have the skills to offer. Then it is more likely that they can find jobs.
Finally, if the government distributes society’s income differently, it raises some poor people above the poverty line. The government collects taxes from the non-poor and gives money to the poor. These payments to the poor are called welfare. In 1975 over 18million people in the United States received welfare.
Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, at the present time, many people depend on welfare for a minimally acceptable standard of living.
51. The author’s main purpose to write this article is ________. A. to define what the poverty line is
B. to explain why some people live the poverty line C. to find solutions to the problem of poverty D. to find solutions to the problem of poverty 52. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Ten percent of the Americans live a poor life.
B. Poor people are those who live below the poverty line.
C. The poverty line rises as the general standard of living rises. D. The poverty line tends to be at the same level.
53. More than 40 percent of the poor people are children. This is mainly because ________.
A. they do not have enough motivation
B. they are so young that they are deprived of chances to work C. they fail to get enough education
D. they have physical and family problems
54. Most of the American poor people are not qualified for employment because ________.
A. they do not have any motivation to work B. they are not very self-confident C. they are too young or too old to work D. they have physical and family problems
55. We may conclude from the passage that ________.
A. better solutions to the poverty problem are not yet found B. welfare will enable people to be rich
C. poor people are bound to go out of the poverty line of they have chances to do business
D. employment is the best solution to the poverty problem Passage 4
Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea. People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in
shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches. Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.
At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more fond of tea. Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevinge decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added. She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.
At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She inveted her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.
56. Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain? A. The Britons got expensive tea from India. B. Tea reached Britain from Holland.
C. The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea. D. It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea. 57. This passage mainly discusses ________. A. the history of tea drinking in Britain
B. how tea became a popular drink in Britain C. how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea D. how tea-time was born
58. Tea became a popular drink in Britain ________. A. in eighteenth century B. in sixteenth century C. in seventeenth century
D. in the late seventeenth century
59. People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because ________.; A. it tasted like milk B. it tasted more pleasant C. it became a popular drink
D. Madame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social influence that people tried to copy the way she drank tea
60. We may infer from the passage that the habit of drinking tea in Britain was mostly
due to the influence of_________. A. a famous French lady