当了40年的神经外科医生。促使人们来找我看病而又最令人不安的症状是记忆力的丧失。 As the government’s top intelligence analyst on missile proliferation suggested，deployment of an NMD system would set off \an unsettling series of political and military ripple effects.如同政府高层情报分析家对导弹发展所暗示的那样,导弹防御系统的部署将引起一系列的不稳定的政治和军事连锁反应。
It has become a potentially unsettling element in East-West relations. 这已经成为东西方关系中一个潜在的不稳定因素。 assertiveness [?‘s?:t?vn?s]n. aggressive self-assurance; given to making bold assertions果断；自信; 魄力
A recent study found girls ahead of boys in almost every measure of well-being: Girls feel closer to their families, have higher aspirations, and even boast better assertiveness skills.最近一次研究发现,女孩几乎在各个方面都优于男孩:女孩觉得与家庭更亲近,有更高的志向,甚至拥有更好的让别人服从自己的才能。
Assertiveness is a healthy way of communicating. It's the ability to speak up for ourselves in a way that is honest and respectful. 自信是一种健康的交流方式。它是一种以诚实和恭敬的方式为自己辩护的能力。
Assertiveness is the ability to confidently express your opinions, feelings, attitudes, and rights, in a way that doesn‘t infringe the rights of others. 自信是一种自信表达观点、情感、态度和权利的能力，而这种表达方式不会侵犯到他人的权利。 outright*‘a?tra?t]adv. openly and honestly, with nothing held back; clearly and completely坦率地;无保留地;完全彻底地 adj. without any doubt or reservation; clear; unmistakable 毫无疑义
The term \outright rate\outright rate\not to the forward differential.\
术语\直接远期汇率\或\直接汇率\清楚表明,使用者指的是远期汇率,而不是远期差额。 I told him outright what I thought of his behavior.
He was killed outright by a single gunshot. 他被一枪击毙。
He won outright. 他赢得很干脆。buy a house outright以一次付款方式买房
an outright failure彻底失败outright support大力支持an outright refusal断然拒绝an outright refusal矢口否认 an outright lie弥天大谎outright hostility 公开的敌意
intermediary *??nt?‘mi:d??r?]n. a negotiator who acts as a link between parties中间人；媒介；调解人；中间物
同义词: go-between，intercessor，intermediator，mediator
They disliked each other too much to meet, so they conducted all their business through an intermediary.
他们彼此交恶不愿相见,有事均通过中间人处理.
Unless saving and investment are done in kind, a financial intermediary must link saver and investor. 除非储蓄和投资以实物进行,否则必须有金融媒介把储蓄者和投资者联系起来。
Any person abruptly starved shows alterations in intermediary metabolism of protein, carbohydrate, and fat. 任何人突然遭到饥饿,就会出现蛋白质、碳水化合物和脂肪的中间代谢的改变。
manipulative[m?‘n?pj?l?t?v]adjskillful in influencing or controlling others to your own advantage.巧妙处理的；老于世故的 v. manipulate
Scientists with the research group say, \than simply being instinct-driven, fish are cunning, manipulative and even cultured.“ 该研究组的科学家们说,“鱼类不是简单地凭本能行事,它们很机灵,有控制能力,甚至很有教养”。
These manipulative techniques are hard to give up later in life and often become set patterns.这些控制技巧在以后的生活中将很难放弃,而且通常变成固定不变的行为方式。
Mr. Smith manipulated the ivory chopsticks with great dexterity.史密斯先生非常熟练的使用象牙筷。
A clear writer manipulate his characters and plot to create interest. 聪明的作家通过巧妙地处理作品中的人物与情节来引人入胜。
pragmatism*?pr?gm?t?z?m]n. the attribute of accepting the facts of life and favoring practicality and literal truth 实用主义；实用的观点和方法
The key to the Black Mountain poetics is to be found in American pragmatism as exemplified by John Dewey. 黑山诗学的基调可以从以约翰·杜威为范例的美国实用主义及其盲目乐观主义中看到。
\in the next millennium\中国若要在下个千年里攀登新的高峰,就必须依靠这一代领导人的务实精神、领导能力和果敢决断。
Clear evidence of the American people's pragmatism is demonstrated by their actions: to establish and maintain an economy soundly based on the principles of free enterprise. 美国人的实用主义清楚地反映在他们的行动中, 即确立并维护一种牢固建立在自由企业规范基础之上的经济。
belittle[b?‘l?tl+v. lessen the authority, dignity, or reputation of…轻视；小看，贬低
This is not to belittle the enormous progress in the development of refractories. 这并非是小看耐火材料发展中的巨大进步。
To criticize my father is to belittle us all in the eyes of the world.责备我的父亲,等于当众侮辱我们。
*Although some people with ulterior motives have continuously tried to belittle Hong Kong, they could not withhold the steps of multinationals to set up institutions and make investment in Hong Kong. 尽管一些别有用心的人不断贬低香港,但并没有阻挡跨国公司在港设立机构并进行投资的脚步。
Don’t belittle tourism as a source of national income.不要小看作为国民收入来源之一的旅游业。
on one’s own merits being based on what one notices when considering them, rather than on things that one knows about them from other sources根据事物本身的情况(来评价)
China pursues an independent foreign policy of peace; it proceeds from the fundamental interests of the people in China and other countries and determines its position and policy by judging each case on its own merits. 中国奉行独立自主的和平外交政策,从中国人民和世界人民的根本利益出发,根据事情本身的是非曲直决定自己的立场和政策。
Don’t make a merit of being punctual---it’s only what we expect of you. 严守时刻没什么好自夸的，我们认为这是你应该做到的。
There is no merit in giving away what you don’t really want.把自己不需要的东西送给别人，这算不上善举。 He didn’t merit such disgrace. 他不应受这种耻辱。
The merits of the scheme are quite obvious. 该计划的有点显而易见。 The suggestion merits consideration. 这个建议值得考虑。
first and foremost首先；首要的是；identity…with ； converse ； without regard to不考虑；不顾及； consume ； be replaced with/by被替换为； be addicted to ； encounter vt. 遭遇，邂逅；遇到n. 遭遇，偶然碰见vi. 遭遇；偶然相遇 ； be superior to不受诱惑；不屈服于；优越于； detain
（1）Environmental problems they found in Poland were among the worst they ___________. 最严重环境问题,他们发现在波兰是___________。
(2) He explained to his wife that he _____________ in the office by unexpected callers. 他解释说他的妻子,他临时_________________在办公室。
(3) It will be rush hour soon, so it will __________ to leave early in order to be there on time. 它很快就会高峰期,所以它将__________早走,以便准时到达那里。
(4) Some people may _________ net surfing, which impairs both their physical and mental health.
有些人可能_____网上冲浪,会损害他们的身心健康。
(5) Equal employment shall be accorded to all qualified individuals______color or sex. 平等就业应给予所有合格的个人______肤色或性别。
(6) In real life, nobody was all bad, nor, ___________, all good.在现实生活中,没人都是坏的,而且,所有优秀的___________。 (7) In my personal opinion, a Benz of S-class___________ an Audi A6 in many respects. If I were you, I would buy a Benz. 在我个人看来,S-class___________的奔驰,奥迪A6在许多方面。如果我是你,我会买一个奔驰。 (8) This piece of work is rather time-_________.这一块的工作,而时间_____。
(9) We cannot ______ happiness _______ wealth. That is to say, a wealthy person is not necessarily happy and a poor person may also lead a happy life.我们不能??幸福和财富。也就是说,一个富有的人不一定是快乐,穷人也可以过一种幸福的生活。
(10) The old machines have already _______________ new ones to increase productivity.旧机器已经售予新的提高生产率。
Foreigners generally consider Americans much more materialistic than Americans are likely to consider themselves. Americans would like to think that their material objects are just the “natural benefits” that result from hard work and serious intent - a reward, they think, which all people could enjoy were they as industrious and hard-working as Americans. But by any standard, Americans are materialistic. They give a higher priority to obtaining, maintaining, and protecting material objects than they do in developing and enjoying relationships with people. Since Americans value newness and innovation, they sell or throw away their possessions frequently and replace them with newer ones. A car may be kept for only two or three years, a house for five or six before buying a new one.
外国人普遍认为美国人比他们可能认为的更唯物主义。美国人喜欢认为他们的物质观就是物质利益，是总是源于努力工作和庄重的目标——种回报，他们认为所有人可以欣赏的是像美国人一样勤奋的和努力工作的他们。但是，按任何标准，美国人都是现实主义的。这意味着他们重视和收集比大多数人曾梦想拥有的更多的物质事物。它也意味着他们比在发展和享受人际关系中更加重视得到、拥有和保护他们的物质事物。
文化交流是个互相学习、互相借鉴的过程。中国文化既要扎根本土、坚持传统，又要紧跟时代。我们心悦诚服地赞赏其他国家、民族的先进文化，并以博大的胸怀博采众长。这是发展我们民族的、大众的、社会主义文化的需要.
数百年来，中国文化令西方人感到神秘，又使他们心驰神往。今天，在“古老的中国、多彩的中国、现代的中国”这一主题统领下，中国传统文化、民族文化和地方文化、现代文化将使世界人民得到一次更全面、更深刻的精神享受，它向世界公众展示的是中国文化异彩纷呈、百花齐放的繁荣景象。
The cultural exchange is a process of learning and drawing on experience from each other. The Chinese culture, on the one hand, must keep its locality and tradition, and on the other hand, must step up with the times. We admire the advanced cultures of other nations and would like to learn from them openheartedly. This just meets the needs of developing our national, mass and socialist culture.
For hundreds of years, people in the West not only marveled at the mystery of Chinese culture but also have a deep longing for it. Now, under the theme “Ancient China, Colorful China, and Modern China”, it will offer the world people a spiritual enjoyment of the Chinese traditional culture, ethic and local culture, and modern culture in an all-round and deeper way. It has displayed to the world colorful and varied culture of China, a flourishing vista in which hundreds of flowers are vying with one another to blossom.
scarce /sk??s/ adj. not enough, only available in small quantities; not easy to find or get 短缺的，稀有的，罕见的 Food and clean water were becoming scarce.食物和洁净的水越来越少了。
make yourself scarce :(informal) to leave somewhere and stay away for a time in order to avoid an unpleasant situation I could see he was annoyed so I made myself scarce.
allocate /??l??ke?t / v. to give something officially to somebody/something for a particular purpose 分配 Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first.票数有限，将分配给那些先申请的人。 lay off
lay off something(informal) to stop using something I think you'd better lay off fatty foods for a while. lay somebody offto stop employing somebody because there is not enough work for them to do 200 workers at the factory have been laid off.
citizenry/?s?t?z?nr?/ n. (less formal in NAmE) all the citizens of a particular town, country, etc. 全体市民或公民 He used the medium of radio when he wanted to enlist public support or reassure the citizenry. 当他想得到公众支持或恢复民信时，他使用广播作载体。 close down cease to operate or cause to cease operating
All the mines in this area were closed down in the 80's.该地区的矿井在20世纪80年代全部关闭。
congestion/ k?n'd?est?(?)n/ n. the state of being crowded and full of traffic; (medical) the state of part of the body being blocked with blood or mucus
The problems of traffic congestion will not disappear in a hurry.交通堵塞问题不会很快消失。 nasal congestion 鼻塞
hinge on v. to depend on something completely
Everything hinges on the outcome of these talks.所有事情都取决于谈话的结果。 hinge on/upon how, what, etc…
His success hinges on how well he does at the interview.他的成功取决于他面试时的表现。 cataclysmic /?k?t??kl?zm?k/ adj. severely destructive 大灾难的n. cataclysm 大灾难，大变动
Few had expected that change to be as cataclysmic as it turned out to be.没有人预测到那些变化会变成一种大灾难。 backlog /?b?k?l?ɡ/ n. a number of things which have not yet been done but which need to be done. 积压待办的事务 There is a backlog of repairs and maintenance in schools.学校里有积压下来等待处理的维修和养护工作。
preview /?pri?vju?/ n. an opportunity to see something such as a movie, exhibition, or invention before it is open or available to the public ；v. to see or describe
something before it is shown to the public 预先观看
He had gone to see the preview of a play.他去看过一出戏的预演。
Journalists will be able to preview the exhibition tomorrow.记者们明天预先观看展览。
forgo/f???ɡ??/ v. (formal) to decide not to have or do something that you would like to have or do放弃，摒绝（令人愉悦之物）?
No one was prepared to forgo their lunch hour to attend the meeting.没有人愿意放弃午餐时间去开会。
She would willingly forgo a birthday treat if only her warring parents would declare a truce.只要她的父母停止争吵，她愿意放弃生日宴请。
put in spend an amount of time or effort doing something. 投入 (时间、精力)
Wade was going to be paid a salary, instead of by the hour, whether he put in forty hours or not.
韦德将领月薪，而不是小时工资，无论他是否干够40个小时。
They've put in time and effort to keep the strike going.他们已投入了时间和精力使这次罢工继续进行。
understaffed /??nd??stɑ?ft/ adj. not having enough workers, or fewer workers than usual人员不多的，人手太少的 Many institutions offering child care are understaffed and underequipped.许多提供幼儿看护的机构人手及设备不足。 entrepreneur /,?ntr?pr?'n??/ n. a person who sets up businesses and business deals. 创业者；企业家
“You have to be an optimist to be an entrepreneur, ” he concludes. 要成为一位发明家或企业家，你必须得是个乐天派。 attorney/??t??n?/ n. a lawyer, especially one who can act for sb. in a court of law 律师（尤指代表当事人出庭者） At the hearing, her attorney did not enter a plea.在听证会上，她的律师没有提出申诉。 district attorney 美国地方检察官（略作D.A.）
frenetic /fr?'net?k/ adj. fast and energetic, but rather uncontrolled. 狂乱的；发狂似的
The number of seniors in the United States will likely double by 2050, and many of them will struggle to cope with the frenetic information age, according to the study. 根据这个研究，到了2050年，美国的老年人口大概是现在的两倍，而且他们当中的许多人将会在应付这个狂热的信息时代而挣扎。
top-flight /t?p fla?t/ of superior or excellent quality; outstanding 第一流的; 杰出的
Most top-flight team owners poured money into their local team in the hope of boosting their social standing, not its bottom line. 跟读顶级联赛里的绝大多数老板，给当地球队投资是为了提高自己的社会地位，不想改善俱乐部的盈亏状况。 shed light on: to provide new information that makes a difficult subject or problem easier to understand 阐明，使…较容易理解
The work is also expected to shed light on intriguing studies that suggest how we live today can have striking repercussions for the health and behavior of our grandchildren. 这项研究成果还有望阐明某些颇为吸引人的研究，这些研究发现，我们今天的生活方式对后代的健康和行为具有非常重大的影响。
Veterans can share their experiences with each other as well as with civilians to help shed light on the importance and complexity of service. 退伍军人不仅可以彼此分享自身经历还可以告诉普通公民，以便让他们认识到服役的重要性和复杂性。
1.frenetic 2. allocate 3. hinge on 4. backlog 5. shed light on 6. cataclysmic 7. forgo 8. congestion 9. particulars 10. understaffed
(1) I _am allocating_a loaf of bread to everyone on a daily basis. 我对每个人都分配一块面包每天。 (2) Time was no longer associated just withcataclysms_ and festivals but rather with everyday life. 时间不再只是灾难和节日有关,而是与日常生活。
(3) A team of paleontologists working in the Gobi desert haveshed_ new light onthe life of dinosaurs. 一个古生物学家团队在戈壁沙漠工作对恐龙的生活有揭示。
(4) Everything __hinges on__ what happens next.一切取决于接下来会发生什么。
(5) The police officer took down all theparticulars_ of the burglary.警察记下了所有的细节入室盗窃。
(6) No one was prepared toforgo_their lunch hour to attend the meeting.没有人愿意放弃他们的午餐时间参加会议。
(7) School psychologists and social workers are on the front lines of keeping schools safe, but they’re are under-prioritized, _understaffed_ , and overworked. 学校心理学家和社会工作者在前线保持学校的安全,但他们是under-prioritized,人手不足,过度劳累。
(8) In other parts of the countries, youth justice workers are more concerned about the massive backlog_ of cases. 正义在其他地区的国家,青年工人更担心积压大量的案件。
(9) Another solution to traffic jams in London is morecongestioncharging.另一个解决方案在伦敦交通堵塞拥挤收费。
(10) Peter and I worked freneticallyto ensure that everything would go smoothly.彼得和我发疯般地工作,以确保一切都顺利。 英译汉：
1)If your answer is \—either you are well advanced on the path of Zen self-denial, or else you are a close relative of Ted Turner. The rest of us, however, would benefit from an increase in our material standard of living. This simple truth is at the very core of economics. It can be restated this way: we all face the problem of scarcity.
如果你的答案是否定的，那么恭喜你：你要么早已看破红尘，要么就是腰缠万贯。然而，我们大多数人的答案却是肯定的，我们都希望拥有更多，从而进一步提高物质生活水平。这一简单的真理就是经济学的核心。我们或许可以重新表述这个问题：我们都面临稀缺。
2)Economists also study the more subtle and indirect effects of individual choice on our society. Will most Americans continue to live in houses, or—like Europeans will most of us end up in apartments? Will we have an educated and well-informed citizenry? Will museums and libraries be forced to close down? Will traffic congestion in our cities continue to worsen, or is
there relief in sight? These questions hinge, in large part, on the separate decisions of millions of people. To answer them requires an understanding of how people make choices under conditions of scarcity.
经济学家也研究个体的选择对社会所产生的细微的间接的影响。多数美国人的家的归宿是独立的房子还是像欧洲人那样的公寓?国民受教育程度会越来越高吗?博物馆和图书馆以后都得关门歇业吗?城市里的交通堵塞会越来越严重还是会缓解在即呢?这些问题在很大程度上都取决于成千上万个个体的决定。若想回答这些问题必须明白人们如何在稀缺的前提下进行选择
3)Opportunity cost is one of the most important ideas you will encounter in economics. The concept sheds light on virtually every problem that economists consider, whether it be explaining the behavior of consumers or business firms or understanding important social problems like poverty or racial discrimination. In all of these cases, economists apply the principle of opportunity cost.
机会成本是经济学中的一个重要概念。这一概念有助于理解一切经济问题，包括从消费者或公司的行为选择到贫困或种族歧视等一些重大社会问题。在解释以上这些问题时，经济学家都采用了机会成本的原则。 汉译英：
就一个声称热爱资本主义的民族而言，美国人有时会对给自己带来种种好处的公司疑心重重。关于这一点，近来没有哪家公司比销售食品和几乎所有其它一切的连锁店沃尔玛更了如指掌了。沃尔玛创立至今不过42年，起初被视为一家普通的家族公司。但自创业以来，沃尔玛不断发展壮大。在这一进程中，沃尔玛对零售业进行了变革，此前零售业似乎是个单调的行业。按营业额沃尔玛亦已成为世界上最大的公司，一个所到之处令对手心惊胆战的庞然大物。沃尔玛规模空前，成就非凡，同样值得称道的是，在未来几年中它很可能又要突飞猛进。但是，沃尔玛也经历了另外一种变化：日益成为众矢之的，饱受非议。
For a people who profess to love capitalism, Americans can sometimes seem mightily suspicious of the companies that deliver its benefits. No firm knows that better these days than Wal-Mart, the chain of stores which sell food and almost everything else.Founded a mere 42 years ago, Wal-Mart was first seen as a homely, family-run business. But in the intervening years it has grown and grown and grown. Along the way it has revolutionized retailing, which had seemed a dull industry. Founded a mere 42 years ago, Wal-Mart was first seen as a homely, family-run business. But in the intervening years it has grown and grown and grown. Along the way it has revolutionized retailing, which had seemed a dull industry. It has also become the biggest company in the world by revenues, a behemoth that strikes fear in the hearts of rivals everywhere. Just as remarkable, given its size and success, Wal-Mart looks set for yet another spurt of growth in the next few years. But it has become something else as well: the target for a growing chorus of critics.