专题限时检测(一) 名词和代词
(共3组，限时20分钟)
[模拟题组一]
1．(2017·连云港、宿迁、徐州高三一模) IntheNameofPeople, a popular TV drama, shows a deep ________on the fight against corruption.
A．argument C．reflection
B．theme D．impression
解析：选C 句意：热播剧《人民的名义》深刻地反映了反腐斗争。reflection“反映，深思”，符合语境。argument“争论”；theme“主题”；impression“印象”。
2．(2017·扬中、六合等华罗庚七校高三联考)China has launched the Tiangong Ⅱ space laboratory on September 15, which will lay a solid ________ for the building of our future manned space station.
A．foundation C．gravity
B．basement D．emphasis
解析：选A 句意：中国于9月15日发射了天宫二号太空实验室，这将为建造我们未来载人空间站打下了坚实的基础。foundation“基础”；basement“地下室”；gravity“引力”；emphasis“强调”。
3．(2017·无锡高三一模) —Peter, this is Hanna, a famous model from Warner Bros. Entertainment Inc. in New York.
—How do you do? I'm very delighted to make your ________. A．identification C．familiarity
B．acquaintance D．identity
解析：选B 答句句意：你好，很高兴认识你。make one's acquaintance“结识某人”，符合语境。identification“身份证明”；familiarity“熟悉”；identity“识别”。
4．(2017·通、泰、扬、徐、淮、宿高三一模) The Internet is so much a part of our culture that it affects our lives by acting as a ________for face-to-face contacts.
A．preference C．substitute
B．motivation D．guideline
解析：选C 句意：互联网是我们文化生活中非常重要的一部分，它甚至已经变成了面对面交流的替代者，影响着我们的生活。substitute“代替者；替代物”，符合语境。preference“偏爱，优先权”；motivation“动机，动力，诱因”；guideline“指导方针，指导原则”。
5．(2017·南京市四校联考)Emotional conflict may shake the ________ of even the strongest relationship, e．g.between husband and wife, parents and children.
A．proportion C．innovation
B．foundation D．interaction
解析：选B 句意：情感冲突可能会动摇感情基础，甚至是最牢固的关系，例如，丈夫和妻子、父母和孩子(的关系)。proportion“比例，部分”；foundation“基础，地基”；innovation“创新，革新”；interaction“互动”。故选B项。
6．(2017·南通、泰州高三一模)According to the regulations, most of our flights have a baggage________ of 22 kilograms per passenger.
A．gravity C．punctuation
B．session D．allowance
解析：选D 句意：根据规章制度，我们大多数航班行李限重为每位乘客22千克。allowance此处表示“限额”，符合语境。 gravity“重力，地心引力”；session“会议，(法庭的)开庭，(议会等的)开会，学期”；punctuation“标点，标点符号”。
7．(2017·南京、盐城、徐州、连云港一模)The manager's ability to use music to create a relaxing atmosphere in the supermarket is always doubted for she shows little ________ of good music.
A．acquisition C．assumption
B．approval D．appreciation
解析：选D 句意：经理利用音乐在超市营造轻松氛围的能力总是遭到怀疑，因为她对好的音乐鲜有鉴赏力。appreciation“欣赏，鉴赏力”，符合语境。acquisition“获得，得到”；approval“同意，批准”；assumption“假设”。
8．(2017·苏北四市高三一模)Your child isn't satisfied with what you have done to him.Maybe you should encourage him to reach a ________ between what he wants and what you want.
A．standard C．level
B．destination D．compromise
解析：选D 句意：你的孩子对你对他的所作所为不满意。也许你应该鼓励他在他想要的和你想要的之间找到一个折中方案。reach a compromise between ...and ...意为“找到……和……之间的折中方案”。
9．(2017·南通、徐州高三联考) This ________ of culture between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking action against them, even banning Romany groups from entering.
A．collision C．surplus
B．switch D．dimension
解析：选A 欧洲人和吉卜赛人的文化冲突导致许多国家采取行动抵制他们，甚至禁止
吉卜赛人部落进入他们国家。collision“冲突”；switch“开关”；surplus“盈余”；dimension“规模”。
10．(2017·南京师大附中高三期中检测)—Bob isn't feeling very well today. He has caught a cold.
—Everybody seems to have ________， owing to the sudden change of weather. A．one C．that
B．it D．another
解析：选A 句意：“鲍勃今天感觉不太好。他感冒了。”“由于天气的突然变化，大家好像都感冒了。”本句中用不定代词one指代上文的a cold。
11．(2017·江苏省启东中学高三月考)Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ________ is extremely violent.
A．which C．them
B．it D．those
解析：选B 句意：90%最流行的视频游戏都包含暴力，其中很多是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。
12．(2017·泰州市高三一模)Though born poor, Elvis Presley, king of rock and roll, became a huge success as a singer, whose story is really ________ of the American Dreams.
A．everything C．the one
B．nothing D．one
解析：选D 句意：尽管出身贫穷，埃尔维斯·普雷斯利，摇滚音乐之王，成了一代音乐巨星，他的故事确实是美国梦之一。此处用one表泛指，代替dream。
13．(2017·扬州高三一模)Nowadays, the approaches to language teaching are more advanced than ________ in the 1960s.
A．these C．ones
B．them D．those
解析：选D 此处替代the approaches，为复数形式，表特指，且有“in the 1960s”作后置定语，因此使用those。注意：ones代表泛指意义的复数名词。
14．(2017·南京高三一模)When you run so fast to get ________， you miss the fun of getting there.Life is not a race, so take it slower.
A．anywhere C．nowhere
B．everywhere D．somewhere
解析：选D 句意：当你快速跑向某个地方时，你会失去到达那儿(途中)的乐趣。生活并不是赛跑，所以要慢一点。根据句中的“getting there”可知，此处是肯定含义，指到
达某地。somewhere“某个地方”，符合语境。anywhere“任何地方”；nowhere“无处，任何地方都不”；everywhere“每个地方”。
15．(2017·淮安第一次调研) Exams cannot measure ________ a child has achieved, so we should let students know there is much more to them than their test scores.
A．anything C．everything
B．something D．nothing
解析：选C 句意：考试不能衡量孩子所获得的全部，因此我们应该让学生们明白对他们来说有比考试分数更重要的东西。not ...everything是部分否定，意为“并非……都……”，符合语境。故选C。
[模拟题组二]
1．(2017·扬州高三二模) The local authorities provide every college student this year with an annual ________of 4,000 yuan for food and tuition fees.
A．award C．allowance
B．admission D．acquisition
解析：选C 句意：今年，地方政府给每位大学生提供了一年4 000元的餐费和学费补助。allowance“津贴，补贴，补助金，补助费”，符合语境。award“奖赏，奖品”；admission“承认，入场费，进入许可”；acquisition“获得物，获得”。
2．(2017·南通、徐州高三联考)As is often the case, teachers' ________ with parents involve complaints about children's misbehavior and laziness in school.
A．acquaintance C．conferences
B．negotiations D．consultations
解析：选C 句意：情况经常是这样，老师和家长的会议包含孩子在校的不良行为和懒惰的抱怨。acquaintance“熟人”；negotiation“谈判”；conference“会议”；consultation“商讨会”。
3．(2017·江苏省如皋中学高三调研)Due to the widespread ________ of this medical technology, more diseases can be discovered and treated at an early stage.
A．presentation C．qualification
B．application D．appreciation
解析：选B 句意：由于这种医疗技术的广泛应用，更多的疾病能够在早期被发现和治疗。application“应用；申请”；presentation“表演；描述”；qualification“资格；学位”；appreciation“欣赏；感谢”。故选B项。
4．(2017·南通市高三三模)The artist is among the few who continue to draw after childhood is ended without the ________ of academic training.
A．evolution
B．assumption
C．distinction D．interruption
解析：选D 句意：艺术家诞生于少数的这类人中，他们在童年结束以后不被学术训练打断而继续画画。evolution“进化，演变”；assumption“假定，假设”；distinction“区分”；interruption“打断，打扰”。故选D项。
5．(2017·苏、锡、常、镇二模)He refused to discuss his ________ from the government, so people didn't know why he left his post as a public official.
A．departure C．escape
B．separation D．absence
解析：选A 句意：他拒绝讨论自己离开政府一事，因此人们不清楚他为什么辞掉了自己公务员的职位。根据题干中的“so people didn't know why he left his post as a public official”可知，此空填departure，表示“脱离，离职”。separation“分离，分开”；escape“逃避”；absence“缺席”。
6．(2017·南京市四校联考)—At the school sports meeting, many students are full of ________， but I'm always exhausted.
—You'd better take more exercise. A．strength C．energy
B．force D．power
解析：选C 上句句意：在校运动会期间，许多学生精力充沛，而我总是精疲力竭。strength“力气”，主要指“肌肉力量以及物体的承重力或抗拉力”。force指“能量的应用”，即释放的能量及其冲击力。energy指“活力”。power指可供使用的能量，如意志力、影响力、控制力。full of energy(充满活力)与后文exhausted(精疲力竭的)相对。故选C项。
7．(2017·南京、盐城、徐州、连云港二模)When you talk about a person's ________， you are referring to the country, race, or social class of their parents or ancestors.
A．origin C．generation
B．nationality D．relation
解析：选A 句意：当你们在谈论一个人的出身的时候，你们是在谈论他的父母或者祖先的国家、种族或者社会地位。origin“起源，根源；出身”；nationality“国籍”；generation“一代人”；relation“关系，联系；教育”。故选A项。
8．(2017·南京、盐城二模)At the end of the historic area, Wilmington displayed its ________ as a working port city: large warehouses and a few other dated office buildings.
A．achievement C．character
B．reputation D．standard