6.5GB的grid Infrastructure存储空间
x86平台需要4GB的数据库存储空间,x64平台4.6GB存储空间
1.3 服务器内存要求 Available RAM Between 2 GB and 8 GB Between 8 GB and 32 GB More than 32 GB Swap Space Required 2 times the size of RAM 1.5 times the size of RAM 32 GB of RAM
1.4 检查服务器硬件和内存配置
grep MemTotal /proc/meminfo #检查内存 grep SwapTotal /proc/meminfo #检查交换空间 df -k /tmp #检查临时空间
free #检查空闲的内存交换空间 uname –m #检查操作系统体系结构
1.5 检查网络要求
1.5.1 网络硬件要求
? 每个节点至少2块网卡,一块用于公有网络,一块用于私有网络。
但使用冗余互联时,可以定义多块网卡用于私有网络,Oracle群集件建立1-4个高可用的IP地址,Oracle RAC和ASM能够使用这些地址确保节点间的高可用性和负载均衡通信。
? 默认情况下Oracle使用所有的HAIP地址用于私有网络通信, ? 如果使用第三方技术为公有网络配置多个接口,那么必须为联合接
口指定单一的接口名称。
? 安装RAC是所有节点的网络接口必须相同,如:节点一的公有网
络使用eht0,那么节点二的公有网络也必须使用eth0 ? 每个节点公有网络必须支持TCP/IP
? 对于私有网络必须支持UDP,并至少为1G ethernet。私有网络应使
用交换机连接
? 每个节点的私有接口互联必须处于同一子网 ? 所有分配的互联接口必须完全可达
1.5.2 IP地址要求
1.5.2.1 有两种方式配置IP地址:
一、 使用Grid Naming Service(GNS)动态配置IP地址,当使用这
种方式是,分配静态IP地址给主机名,分配动态IP地址给群集VIP。因此必须具备一台DHCP服务器,以及至少包含每个节点1个IP地址,3个IP地址给SCAN的地址池。
二、 使用静态分配IP地址,对于主机名和VIP都使用静态IP,并
通过DNS或HOSTS文件解析。 注:Oracle only supports DHCP-assigned networks for the default network, not for any subsequent networks
1.5.2.2 手工配置IP地址
? 每节点配置一个公有IP地址:
静态IP地址
在安装前配置完成可用
公有IP,虚拟IP,SCAN IP地址在同一个子网内
? 每节点配置一个虚拟IP
静态IP地址
在安装配置前可用
公有IP,虚拟IP,SCAN IP地址在同一个子网内
? SCAN IP
使用DNS在安装之前配置3个静态IP地址,三个IP地址关联SCAN名,并且有DNS提供随机访问 在安装前配置DNS解析
配置一个SCAN名,不能以数字开头
与公有IP,虚拟IP,SCAN IP地址在同一个子网内 符合RFC 952标准,可以使用“-”,不能使用“_”
? 每节点配置一个私有IP
静态IP地址
一个独立的私有子网,仅可被其他群集成员访问
1.5.2.3 SCAN配置
? 使用SCAN能够灵活的增加删除节点,而不需要修改客户端配置 ? SCAN支持DNS和HOSTS文件,但是推荐使用DNS,使用HOSTS
文件时,SCAN只能使用单一IP地址配置
1.5.3 Oracle Grid Infrastructure必须Broadcast communications (ARP and UDP)支
持,不论公有网络还是私有网络(11.2.0.2后)
1.5.4 Oracle Grid Infrastructure必须Multicast Requirements支持,对于私有网络
(11.2.0.2后)
1.5.5 为GNS配置DNS委托
1.5.5.1 在DNS建立GNS虚拟IP
mycluster-gns.example.com A 192.0.2.1
1.5.5.2 配置GNS子域转发
cluster01.example.com NS mycluster-gns.example.com
1.5.5.3 在群集节点上配置resolve.conf域名解析服务器
options attempts: 2 options timeout: 1
search cluster01.example.com example.com nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.42 nameserver xxx.xxx.xxx.15
1.5.5.4 在/etc/nsswitch.conf配置名称解析的顺序,由于SCAN使用NIS可能存
在问题,因此Oracle建议NIS放置到最后
hosts: files dns nis
1.6 GNS配置例子 Identity GNS VIP Home Node None Host Node Selected by Oracle Given Name Type Address 192.0.2.1 Address Assigned By Fixed by net Resolved By DNS mycluster-gns.examplevirtual
Identity Home Node Host Node Clusterware Given Name .com node1 node1-vip node1-priv node2 node2-vip node2-priv Type Address Address Assigned By administrator Resolved By Node 1 Public Node 1 VIP Node 1 Private Node 2 Public Node 2 VIP Node 2 Private SCAN VIP 1 SCAN VIP 2 SCAN VIP 3 Node 1 node1 Node 1 Selected by Oracle Clusterware Node 1 node1 Node 2 node2 Node 2 Selected by Oracle Clusterware Node 2 node2 none none none Selected by Oracle Clusterware Selected by Oracle Clusterware Selected by Oracle Clusterware Public 192.0.2.101 Fixed GNS GNS GNS GNS GNS GNS GNS GNS GNS Virtual 192.0.2.104 DHCP Private 192.168.0.1 Fixed or DHCP Public 192.0.2.102 Fixed Virtual 192.0.2.105 DHCP Private 192.168.0.2 Fixed or DHCP 192.0.2.201 DHCP 192.0.2.202 DHCP 192.0.2.203 DHCP mycluster-scan.cluster0virtual 1.example.com mycluster-scan.cluster0virtual 1.example.com mycluster-scan.cluster0virtual 1.example.com
1.7 手工配置IP地址例子 Identity Home Node Host Node Given Name node1 node1-vip node1-priv node2 node2-vip node2-priv Type Public Address Address Assigned By Resolved By DNS DNS and hosts file DNS and hosts file, or none DNS DNS and hosts file DNS and hosts file, or none DNS DNS Node 1 Public Node 1 node1 Node 1 VIP Node 1 Selected by Oracle Clusterware 192.0.2.101 Fixed Virtual 192.0.2.104 Fixed Private 192.168.0.1 Fixed Public 192.0.2.102 Fixed Node 1 Private Node 1 node1 Node 2 Public Node 2 node2 Node 2 VIP Node 2 Selected by Oracle Clusterware Virtual 192.0.2.105 Fixed Private 192.168.0.2 Fixed 192.0.2.201 Fixed 192.0.2.202 Fixed Node 2 Private Node 2 node2 SCAN VIP 1 SCAN VIP 2 none none Selected by Oracle Clusterware Selected by Oracle mycluster-scan virtual mycluster-scan virtual
Identity Home Node Host Node Clusterware Given Name Type Address Address Assigned By Resolved By SCAN VIP 3 none Selected by Oracle Clusterware mycluster-scan virtual 192.0.2.203 Fixed DNS 1.8 配置多个私有互联接口
? 在2.6.31以上内核的LINUX使用多块NIC做内部互联是存在bug,必
须配置rp_filter参数解决这个问题。
? rp_filter 设置 Reverse Path filter为 no filtering (0), to strict filtering (1), or
to loose filtering (2)。私有内部网络必须设置成0或2 。公有网络可以设置成1。在/dev/sysctl.conf中配置 net.ipv4.conf.eth2.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.eth1.rp_filter = 2 net.ipv4.conf.eth0.rp_filter = 1
1.9 Name Service Cache Daemon (nscd)
为了使群集更好的处理网络失败,是能nscd。
1.9.1 检查nscd启动配置,nscd应该运行在level 3和5
# chkconfig --list nscd
nscd 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:on 4:off 5:off 6:off
1.9.2 设置nscd启动配置
On Red Hat and Oracle Linux 4 and 5: # chkconfig --level 35 nscd on On SUSE SLES10 and11:
# chkconfig --level 35 nscd on
1.9.3 启动nscd
service nscd start|restard
5. 确认软件要求
1.10 LINUX发行版要求 Linux Distribution Asianux Distributions Oracle Linux Distributions Requirements ? Asianux Server 3, Service Pack 2 (SP2) Oracle Linux 4 Update 7, kernel 2.6.9 or later Oracle Linux 5 Update 2, kernel 2.6.18 or later (compatible with Red Hat Enterprise kernel) Oracle Linux 5 Update 5, with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux, kernel 2.6.32-100.0.19 or later Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4 Update 7, kernel 2.6.9 or later ? ? ? Red Hat Enterprise Linux
?
Linux Distribution Distributions Requirements ? ? Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5 Update 2, kernel 2.6.18 or later Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5, Update 5, with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux, 2.6.32 or later SUSE 10, kernel 2.6.16.21 or later SUSE 11, kernel 2.6.27.19 or later SUSE Enterprise Linux Distributions ? ?
1.11 Grid Infrastructure与RAC必须的安装包 Oracle Linux 5 Update 5 with Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel (2.6.32-100.0.19 or later) Subscribe to the Oracle Linux 5 channel on the Unbreakable Linux Network, and then install the Oracle Validated RPM. This installs the Oracle Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel for Linux, and all required kernel packages for Oracle Grid Infrastructure and Oracle Database installations. Asianux Server 3, Oracle The following packages (or later versions) must be installed: Linux 5, Update 2, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux Note: Starting with Oracle Grid Infrastructure 11g release 2 patchset 1 (11.2.0.2), all the 32-bit packages listed in the following table, except for 5 Update 2 gcc-32bit-4.3, are no longer required for installation. Only the 64-bit packages are required. However, for Oracle 11g release 2 (11.2.0.1), both the 32-bit and 64-bit packages listed in the following table are required. binutils-2.17.50.0.6 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 compat-libstdc++-33-3.2.3 (32 bit) elfutils-libelf-0.125 elfutils-libelf-devel-0.125 gcc-4.1.2 gcc-c++-4.1.2 glibc-2.5-24 glibc-2.5-24 (32 bit) glibc-common-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 glibc-devel-2.5 (32 bit) glibc-headers-2.5 ksh-20060214 libaio-0.3.106 libaio-0.3.106 (32 bit) libaio-devel-0.3.106 libaio-devel-0.3.106 (32 bit) libgcc-4.1.2 libgcc-4.1.2 (32 bit) libstdc++-4.1.2