专题八 时态和语态
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一、时态
1、英语中动词的16种时态 时 态 现在 过去 将来 过去将来 一般 √ √ √ √ 进行 √ √ 完成 √ √ 完成进行 2、常考各种时态的用法 ※一般现在时 定义：
构成：be(am, is, are) V(原形，单三) 判断依据：
?表示经常性、习惯性的动作，通常用usually, often, always, sometimes, every day, once a week等作时间状语。
Eg:I usually have my hair cut once a month. ?表示客观真理、客观事实 Eg:The earth moves around the sun. ?表示按时间表、计划、规定发生的动作 Eg:The train leaves at 2:35 this afternoon. ④时间、条件、让步状语从句中的主将从现?
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Eg:You will succeed if you try your best.
Even if it rains tomorrow, the football match will take place. ※一般过去时 定义：
构成：be(was, were) V-ed 判断依据：
?常见时间状语：yesterday, ago, last, in 2019, the other day等 Eg:He came to work here two weeks ago.
It was a terrible piece of work you turned in yesterday. ?在时间、条件状语从句中代替过去将来时 Eg:He said he would not go if it rained.
?句中动词是：know, think, expect等时，表示“本来认为”，虽然没有明确的时间状语，但句子任然用一般过去时 Eg:I didn’t expect to meet you here. I thought he had heard the news. ※一般将来时 定义：
构成：will +v(原形) be going to +v(原形) 判断依据：
?现在看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；事物的固有属性或必然趋势。 Eg:Tom will come back next week.
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Fish will die without water.
?“be going to+动词原形”，表示“计划、打算要做某事”,也可以用于对未来的推测 Eg: He is going to speak on TV this evening. Look at the dark clouds. It is going to rain.
?“be about to +动词原形”，此结构不能与表将来的具体时间状语连用，但可以与when引导的时间状语从句连用 Eg: The train is about to leave.
④“be to +动词原形”，表“计划或安排做某事”。 Eg: When are you to leave for home? She is to be married next month.
The Queen is to visit Japan in a week’s time. ※过去将来时 定义：
构成：would +v(原形) be going to+v(原形)
判断依据：过去的时间或动作作参考 Eg: He said he would wait for us at the bus stop.
She was about to open the door when the telephone rang. ※现在进行时 定义：
构成：am/is/are + v-ing 判断依据：
?时间状语：now, listen, be quiet，at the moment等
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Eg:Our friends are waiting for us outside now. ?根据定义来判断
Eg:She is learning English at college.
?短暂性动词用于进行时表将来(如：come, go, start, arrive, leave......) Eg:My father is coming to see me this Saturday. He is leaving for Beijing next week.
④某些动词的进行时表示慢慢地、渐渐地发生变化 Eg:I’m forgetting English. She is losing her eyesight.
注：表示存在、拥有、认知、情感等的动词一般不用于进行时，常见的有:keep, stay, remain, consist of, contain, have, belong to, possess, own, hold, sound, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, feel, see, hear, understand, know, suppose, remember, admit, forget, believe, think, like, love, hate, prefer等 ※过去进行时 定义：
构成：was/were + v-ing 判断依据： ?根据定义来判断
Eg:She was writing a book about China last year, but I don’t know whether she has finished it.
It was watching TV in the living room when someone knocked at the door. ?短暂性动词用于过去进行时表将来
Eg:They were coming to attend the meeting a few days later.
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※现在完成时 定义：
构成：have/has +p.p 判断依据：
?5大副词：already, yet, ever, never, just Eg:I have already seen the film. Have you ever been to London?
?时间状语：recently, lately, so far, in the past/last few months, up to/till now...... Eg:In the past few years, great changes have taken place in my hometown. He has been busy writing a book recently. So far no life has been found outside the earth. ?“for+一段时间”; “since+过去的时间” Eg:He has served in the army for three years. He has lived in Beijing since last year.
④找次数（This/It is the+ 序数词+time+that......） Eg:This is the second time that I have visited the university. ⑤根据定义来判断 Eg:He has turned off the light. The concert has started. ※过去完成时 定义：过去的过去 构成：had+p.p 判断依据：
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