比较特殊的连词：in that 因为的意思。例句：The girl is like her mother in that she also
has very delicate feeling. Now that?因为；given that? 4. 目的状语从句
lest? 唯恐，害怕;for fear 当心，害怕引导的是虚拟语气。谓语是 should +动词原形。should 常省略。
5.结果状语从句
有两种引导法 so?that; so that; such?that; such that
2001 年例句：Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and
being talked to ________ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
A.as B. which C. that D. what 把 so?that; so that; such?that; such that 中的 so 或 such 放在句首形成倒装句。例如：
So fast does light travel that it is difficult for us to imagine it’s speed. to the extent (that)表示结果
to some extent 表示在??之内。在某种程度上 6.条件状语从句 用 unless； if 引导 难点：only if ; if only
only if 是“只有”的意思; if only 是“只要”意思。2000 年例句： He can continue to support himself and his family ____ he produces a surplus. A. only if B. much as C .long before D. ever since 要记住：supposing (that)?;provided (that)?;on condition that?
例如：He will surely finished job on time ____he has left to do it in his own way. A.in that B.in case C.as far as D.so long as
7.让步状语从句 although; though; even if; even though
1997 年例句：__ __ its economy continues to recover, the US is increasingly becoming a
nation of part timers and temporary workers.
2004 年例句：All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a childCommitting a criminal act, a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.
A.Even though B. Now that C.If only D. Provided that
A.provided B. since C. although D. supposing 表示让步转折的介词：in spite of; despite 例如：__what he achieved in medicine he
remained modest.
A.Despite B.Although C. If D. Whereas However; nevertheless; nonetheless
1998 年例句：This view; __,is generally thought to be wrong.
A.however B.meanwhile C. therefore D. more over While 当??时候；然而，但是 重点：与 as 有关的让步状语从句 由 as 引导的倒装句
adj.,adv.,分词，名词，短语+as+主语+谓语。 例如：Child as he is, he can remember a lot of things. as 或 so+adj+as+主谓结构
例如：As much as John hates to do it, he must stay at home and study tonight.
8.比较状语从句 重点讲倍数为题
1.倍数+比较级 A is three times bigger than B. 2.倍数+as?as 结构。A is three times as big as B. 3.倍数+名词结构 A is Three times the size of B. No more than 特点：
1. No more than=not any more than
2.从功能上看往往表示两个事物之间的类比关系。 3.从意义上看是和??一样。 Not so much as
结构上有两种 1. Not A so much as B. 2.not so much as B.与其说 A，不如说 B。
例如：It wasn’t so much that I disliked her ________ that I just wasn’t interested in the
whole business.
A.rather B. so C. than D. as 一、并列句
并列句的结构要从后面往前找。例如:I like apples from Japan and bananas. and 可以连接两个并列的词语、短语、句子成分、从句以及句子。 1. 有 and 就肯定有并列。有并列就一定要弄清楚并列的成分。
2. and 有并列。但并列在考研中有几十种情况。要根据每一种不同的并列进行不同的 处理。
3. 有 and 的并列就要从 and 的后面往前找，而不是从前面往后找。 二、定语后置 She is a beautiful girl.
一个形容词定语就相当于一个 of 引导的名词作后置定语。上句可写成 She is a girl of beauty. 插入语
能够从句子中拿出来而不影响整个句子主谓结构的部分就是插入语。插入语与同谓
语的区别：插入语往往是插在主谓之间。例如：I am an ugly man.可换成 I am a man who
is ugly.还可换成 I ，who is a man , am ugly.
1. 从命题角度来看插入语的两个逗号就相当于两个括号。表示对插入语前面的 2. 从长难句的处理角度来看。插入语扮演的角色就是可以作为整体提出来放到
一边?后处理，就是直接把插入语翻译后放在括号里。 分词现象 主要有四种考法。
考研中不一定专门考语法。主要是应用语法知识进行阅读、完型、写作等等。关键就是
运用语法处理长难句。
例如：She ,who is her mother’s daughter ,is a girl of beauty which is envied by lily who is of
ugliness which we all know.
剥洋葱似的分析句子的方法和步骤：
1. 以句号为单元判断这个句子中有几个洋葱。 1）看句号句子中有没有 and 和 or。还要看它们连接的是不是句子。如果是词和短语那
么 and 前后就不是独立的洋葱。只有当两个句子并列的时候才是连个洋葱。例如：I like
apples and bananas.其中的 apples and bananas 是宾语并列。 再如：I am 22 and Jim is 23.这时就是两个洋葱。
解释和说明。
2） 看句号里有没有 but.有 but 也不一定就是两个洋葱。例如：But I am a boy. 3） 看句号里有没有特殊的标点符号。
冒号“：”从命题的角度看如果问题出在冒号的前面，答案一般出现在冒号的后面。
如果问题出在冒号的后面，答案大多数情况下出现在冒号的前面。 从长难句解读角度看冒号前后是独立的。
破折号“—”考研英语中破折号“—”等于冒号“：”功能是一样的。 分号“；”分号前后独立各自成为一个洋葱。
2. 对每一个洋葱分别剥皮。每一个洋葱的第一层皮就是这个句子的核心内容。
3. 把每一层皮分别翻译成中文。 4.在剥皮处设问。用设问的方式把每一层皮连接在一起。这就是化整为零，再从零到整。
综合运用以前所奖的语法知识。继续讲解利用剥洋葱的方法在考研的长难句中的应用。（1994 年真题第一篇文章） Passage I
The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
Private businessmen striving to make profits , produce these goods and services in
competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive , operating under competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the
American eoonomic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes,that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which prices rise and fall in response to
relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand , the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more
此后从第二层开始，每一层皮就表示一个语法现象。
of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system .
The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own
productive resources (private progeny) , and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over
natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy,
the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but
also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free
contract with another private individual .
51 . In Line 11 , Para 1 , \desire of individuals to maximize their incomes\means__.
A. Americans are never satisfied with their incomes B. Americans tend to oven Tate their incomes C. Americans want to have their incomes increased
D. Americans want to increase the purchasing power of their incomes 52. The first two & ntences in the second paragraph tell us that__. A. producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B. consumers can express their demands through producers C. producers decide the prices of products D. supply and demand regulate prices
53 . According to the passage, a private-enterprise economy is characterized by__. A. private property and rights concerned B. manpower and natural resources control C. ownership of productive resources D. free contracts and prices 54. The passage is mainly about__. A. how American goods are produced B. how American consumers buy their goods C. how American economic system works D. how American businessmen make their profits