replace: vt.
1) put sth. back where it was before
Replace the caps on the bottles. 把瓶子盖盖好。
The telephone line was dead. Wendy replaced the telephone handle. Replace the book on the shelf.
2) (with) take the place of (sb./sth.) 代替，取代
Can anything replace a mother's love and care? 世上有什么东西能取代母亲的关爱吗？
George has replaced Edward as the personnel manager. 乔治接替爱德华当了人事部经理。
3) change (some person or object) for another, often better, newer, etc. We'll have to replace those old computers with (or: by) new ones. Compare: replace A with B = substitute B for A 12. We want every minute to count. (Para.2)
Meaning: We want every minute to be put into good use (since it is precious).
count: vi. If sth. counts, it is important or valuable. Every second counts. 每一秒钟都很重要。
She's the only person that really counts around here. 她是这周围惟一有影响力的人。
13. ... restlessly seeking attention in a store, or elbowing others... (Para.3) Meaning: ... impatiently trying to get service in a store, or pushing others out of the way by using their elbows ...
14. Racing through daytime meals ... (Para.3) race through: do sth. in a hurry
The child raced through his homework in order to watch the football match on TV.
那孩子为看电视转播的足球赛而匆匆做完作业。 14. You also find drivers will be abrupt... (Para.3)
Meaning: You also find drivers will not be nice in order to save time.
abrupt: a. 1) (of behavior) rough; offensive（指行为）粗鲁的，无礼的 an abrupt attitude 无礼的态度
The general was offended by his abrupt reply. 将军被他生硬的回答激怒了。
The head teacher is very abrupt with parents. 校长对家长们的态度很粗鲁。
2) sudden and unexpected 突然的，意外的
The road is full of many abrupt turns. 这条路有许多急转弯。
His abrupt departure surprised everyone. 他的突然离去使大家都很吃惊。
an abrupt change of policy 突然改变政策 an abrupt drop in oil prices 油价突降
15. You will miss smiles, brief conversations, and small exchanges with strangers. (Para.3)
Meaning: Smiles, short conversations, and small exchanges with strangers are common in daily life in your own country, but not in the United States. So if you visit this country you will feel sad because you will no longer experience or have them.
brief a. 1.lasting only a short time; short 短暂的
My time of knowing him is brief. 我与他相识的时间不长。 Mozart's life was brief. 莫扎特的一生是短暂的。
2.(of speech or writing) using few words; short and not containing too many details
（指说话或写作）用字简练的，简洁的 Be brief and to the point. 简单扼要一点！
I was given a brief introduction to the developing local history research. Notice the use of the phrase \possible\the news in brief 新闻提要
In brief, take no risks whatever. 简而言之, 千万不要冒险。
vt. give sb. necessary information or instructions, esp. in order to prepare sb. for an activity
预先向... ...提供必要信息或指示
The Prime Minister was fully briefed before the meeting. 首相在会前获得了详尽的有关资料。
They briefed the press about the business failing. 他们向新闻界通报了交易衰退的情况。
16. ... small exchanges with strangers. (Para.3)
small exchanges: short periods of talking between two people or groups about unimportant topics
exchange: n. short period of talking between two people or groups I had a heated exchange with the manager this morning. 我与经理今天上午进行了一番激烈的争论。 17. Don't take it personally. (Para.3)
Meaning: Don't let it upset you because they are treating everybody this way or because they are not doing this to you in particular.
take ... personally: If you take someone's remarks personally, you are upset because you think that they are being critical about you in particular.
You mustn't take her negative comments of your plan personally. 你不应该把她对你计划的批评当作对你个人的攻击。
18. Many new arrivals to the States will miss the opening exchanges of a business call, ... (Para.4)
Meaning: Many newcomers to the United States will be sad to find that there is no polite communication at the beginning of their business visit like that found back in their own country. the States: the United States
opening a. first or beginning (one), starting 初始的
The queen attended the opening night of the theatre. 女王观看了这家剧院的首夜演出。
the opening night of a new play 新话剧的首演之夜 the opening words 开场白
n. 1).[C ] (esp. sing.) beginning; start 开始 the opening of a book 书的开头
The establishment of the new China marks the opening of a new age. 2). [C] position (in a business or firm) which is open or not occupied （商号或公司的）职位空缺
There are few openings in publishing for new graduates.
19. They will miss the ritual interaction that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee that may be a convention in their own country. (Para.4) Meaning: They will be sad because they will not have the usual exchanges (with the person who invited you) that go with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee. These usual exchanges may be a common and regular practice on similar occasions in their own country.
convention n. 1). [C, U] (an example of) generally accepted practice, esp. with regard to social behavior 惯例，习俗，常规
Convention now allows women to smoke in public. 现代习俗允许妇女在公共场所吸烟。
Wearing a coat and tie to a good restaurant is an accepted convention. 进入高级饭店要穿外套系领带是公认的规矩。
2). [C] meeting of members of a profession, political party, etc. （专业人员、政党的）会议，大会 hold a convention 召开会议
The convention decided on a new rule. 大会通过了一项新规定。 Hotels try to attract conventions because they bring a lot of business. 宾馆设法吸引各种会议，因为会议可带来大量生意。 20. They will miss the ritual interaction ... (Para.4)
ritual a. of or done regularly followed in exactly the same way each time 例行的，老规矩的，惯常的
Every day the work begins with the ritual phrases of greeting. 每天的工作以例行的问候语开始。
n. [C, U] a method followed repeatedly in the same way every time 固定的程序
Wives make a ritual of their household duties. 家庭主妇每天都是一成不变地操持家务。
I've wound up the clock so many times that it has become a ritual. interaction
n. 1). [C, U] communication; working together 交流；相互作用，相互影响，合作
informal interactions among adults 成年人之间非正式交流 human-computer interaction 人机对话, 人机交流 2) acting on each other; working together
Increased interaction between the police and citizens will improve the rate of solving crimes. 警民之间加强合作将有助于提高破案率。 The interaction of the two groups produced many good ideas. 这两个组的相互交流产生了许多好主意。
21. ... that goes with a welcoming cup of tea or coffee... (Para.4)
go with exist or take place at the same time; be found together 同时发生，伴随
Money does not always go with happiness. 有钱并不总是幸福。 Responsibility goes with becoming a father. 做了父亲就有了责任。 .22. .. leisurely business chats ... (Para.4) leisurely: a. without hurry.
Notice that it is an adjective, not an adverb. In English, \+ -ly%usually results in an adjective.
\walk at a leisurely pace 悠闲地散步
I had a leisurely glass of beer. 我慢悠悠地品了一杯啤酒。
23. Normally, Americans do not assess their visitors in such relaxed surroundings over extended small talk; ... (Para.4)
Meaning: Usually Americans do not judge or evaluate their visitors in (a restaurant or coffee house which are considered) relaxed places through long, light conversations ...
assess: vt. judge or decide the amount, value, quality or importance of 估价，评价
He's so lazy that it's difficult to assess his ability. 他懒得很，很难对他的能力作出评估。
It's too early to assess the effects of the new law. 要评价新法令的效果现在还为时过早。
They assessed the value of the house at $60,000. 他们估算这幢房子值6万美元。
surroundings: n.( pl.) the things in the neighborhood of , or the conditions affecting a person or thing
The house is in beautiful surroundings. 这座房屋四周的环境优美。 She grew up in comfortable surroundings. 她在舒适的环境中长大。 Notice that when used as a noun, the word has to be in the plural form: surroundings. The word \ in the surrounding areas 在周围地区 24. ... over extended small talk; ... (Para.4) extended: lasting for a long period of time
The child has received formal education over an extended period. 这孩子接受过长期的正规教育。
small talk: light conversation on unimportant or non-serious subjects
25. ... much less do they take them out for dinner, or for around on the golf course... (Para.4)
Meaning: ...it is even less likely that Americans take their visitors out for dinner or to play golf ...
much less: and even less likely
The old man can hardly walk, much less run. 这位老人几乎不能行走，更不用说跑了。
They are always short of water to drink, much less to bathe in. 他们连喝的水也总是不够, 更别提洗澡了。 For this sense, we can also use \ She wouldn't take a drink, still less (or: much less) stay for dinner. 她连水也不肯喝一口, 更别说留下吃饭了。
Here \ 26. ... on the golf course... (Para.4)
golf course: an area of grass which is designed for people to play golf on 27. Since we generally assess and probe professionally rather than socially, we start talking business very quickly. (Para.4)
Meaning: Since we in most cases evaluate our visitors and ask them questions from a professional point of view instead of a social one, we start talking what is our concern very quickly (and there is no need in our eyes to spend time on small talk and the like). generally: ad. 1) usually
They generally go to France for their holidays. 他们通常去法国度假。 Generally, the student go to the library three times a week. 这学生一般每周去图书馆三次。 2) by most people, widely
It is generally agreed that smoking is bad for health. 人们普遍认为吸烟有害健康。
The plan has generally been accepted. 这计划已被人们广泛接受。