新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
you can do is start the journey now, this minute, while the 到你想得到的东西，你至少可以趁灵感还在的inspiration is high. We all have the same amount of minutes, we 时候马上开始你的旅程，即刻起程。 我们有同all get the same 24 hours as Branson and Gates. It's just what we 样多的时间，我们和布兰森以及盖茨一样，每天都有24个小时。 决定我们这一生成败的是do with our time, how we invest it, that determines where our 我们把时间花在什么事情上，是我们如何来分lives may lead. 配时间。 10 So what I'm thinking is (and this is not molecular science) if we are dying and our allotted time is finite, why the hell aren't we doing all the things we want to do NOW? What's all this back-burner stuff? And why are we all waiting for the right time when we already know that the right time isn't going to show? The right time is the cheque that's permanently in the post, it never arrives. It's the girl who keeps us standing at the corner of the Co-op looking like a spanner. No amount of clock watching will change the inevitable. She's stood us up. 11 We wait; the right time never arrives. 12 So I say stop waiting and meet providence halfway. Start 10. 因此，我正在琢磨的是（这可不是分子科学）：如果我们正在走向死亡，而且分配给我们的时间是有限的，那么我们到底有什么理由不现在就去做所有想做的事情呢？ 这些被暂时搁置的事情到底又是什么呢？ 为什么明明知道成熟的时机永远不会到来，而我们却都还在等待呢？ 成熟的时机是一张支票，它永远都在邮寄的路上，永远都不会到来。 它就是那位让我们在合作社旁边像桥墩那样站着傻等的女孩，我们再怎么看表也无济于事，她失约了。 11. 我们傻等着，而成熟的时机却永远不会到来。 filling your life with the riches on offer so that when the reaper 12. 所以我要说，别再等待了，走到路上去迎接arrives, you'll have achieved so much, crammed your time so full 天意。 开始给你的生活增添所有你能得到的财that he'll fall asleep waiting for your life to flash before your eyes. 富，这样当死神到来时，你已经完成了那么多事，你的一生是那么的充实。 当生命在你眼前13 Act now or your time will elapse and you'll end up as a 回放时，死神等着等着就睡着了。 sepia-coloured relative that no one can put a name to in a dusty 13. 现在就行动吧，不然你的时间会流逝的，而photo album. 你最终将成为尘封的相册里的一位谁都叫不上14 Better to leave a biography as thick as a whale omelette than 名字的灰头土脸的穷亲戚。 an epitaph. 15 \Joe Smith ... hmmm. He didn't do much, did he?\ 14. 还是给人间留下一本像大煎蛋饼那么厚的传记吧，那可比仅仅留下一块碑铭强。 15. ―乔 ? 史密斯…… 嘿嘿，他没干过什么，对吧？‖
Unit 1-3 Rites of passage 通过仪式 生活是否如同对生活持宿命论看法的美国1 Is life just \1. author Elbert Hubbard wrote a hundred years ago, taking a rather 作家阿尔伯特 ? 哈伯德在一百年前所描述的那fatalistic viewpoint? Or is it an obstacle race, in which the 样，是―该死的事情一桩接着一桩‖？抑或是一contestants—human beings everywhere—have to show their 场障碍赛跑，其间每个参赛者，即世界各地的人们，不得不在生命的各个重要阶段展现自己6 / 64
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
worth at certain crucial stages of their lives? 的价值？
莎士比亚的戏剧《皆大欢喜》中那个悲伤
2 The sad clown Jacques in Shakespeare's play As You Like It 2.
suggests that there are \的小丑雅克认为，人的一生要经历―七个年龄phenomenon of rites of passage in almost every society confirms 段‖，几乎每个社会都有的通过仪式也证明，我that we prefer to think of life in terms of these stages, such as 们往往是把生命分为这几个阶段来看待的，比childhood, middle age and old age.
如童年、中年和老年。
通过仪式是社会对个人从一个阶段走向另
3 A rite of passage is a formal recognition of change, imposed 3.
by society, of a move from one stage to another, the most 一阶段的正式的认可，其中被广泛认同的是由universally recognized one being the transition between childhood 少年步入成年时举行的成年礼。 成年礼有多种and adulthood. This can take very different forms. For example, in 形式。 例如，在犹太传统中，人生最重要的时Jewish tradition one of the most important moments in a person's 刻之一就是―犹太男孩成人仪式‖，人们为年满life, marked by a religious ceremony and a family feast, is the Bar 13岁的孩子举办宗教仪式和家宴，这标志着从Mitzvah, when children become responsible for their actions—at 此以后这个孩子要对自己的行为负责了。 13the age of 13. This is roughly the same age that children can be 岁也恰恰是许多国家规定开始承担法律责任的held legally responsible in many countries.
年龄。
美国中学生活结束前的毕业舞会是另一种
4 A very different rite of passage is the tradition of the prom at 4.
the end of American high school. This is a dance with a difference. 截然不同的通过仪式。 这次舞会非同寻常，学Students have to wear formal clothes—many for the first time in 生们不仅穿着正式（许多学生平生第一次这么their lives—and it is usual to hire an expensive limousine to arrive 穿），他们通常还乘坐着一辆租来的豪华轿车at the prom. It is as if, for one night, they behave like adults twice 到达舞会现场。 就在那一天晚上，他们似乎要their age—or at least look older than they really are.
5 Perhaps one of the most interesting rites of passage is the walkabout of Australian aborigines, when adolescents would be 5.
世界上最有趣的通过仪式之一或许就是澳
required to spend about six months walking alone through the 洲原住民的―徒步旅行‖了，还处于青春期的少wilderness, following the paths of their ancestors along the age-old 年必须在野外独自行走六个月，沿着划定国土\which mapped out the country. In so doing they 疆域的―歌之版图‖追寻祖先的足迹。 通过这样penetrated the heart of aboriginal culture—the oldest continuous 的仪式，他们深入到土著文化这一世界上最古culture in the world—and, in the process, discovered themselves 老而持久的文化的精髓之中，并在这一过程中too.
发现自我。
表现得和年龄是他们两倍的成年人一样，至少是看上去要比自己的实际年龄老。
Unit 2-1 Superman 超 人 战争爆发的那一年，我在温斯罗普的安1 The year the war began I was in the fifth grade at the Annie 1. F. Warren Grammar School in Winthrop, and that was the 妮 ? F. 沃伦文法学校读五年级，那年冬天我获得winter I won the prize for drawing the best Civil Defense signs. 了民防图标设计赛的冠军。 也就是在那个冬天，That was also the winter of Paula Brown's new snowsuit, and 波拉 ? 布朗买了新的防雪服，即便是13年后的even now, 13 years later, I can recall the changing colors of 今天，我仍然能清晰地记起那些精彩纷呈的日7 / 64
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
those days, clear and definite as a pattern seen through a 子，它们历历在目，犹如万花筒里看到的图案那kaleidoscope.
样色彩斑斓。
我的家位于城里靠海湾的一侧，在洛根机场
2 I lived on the bay side of town, on Johnson Avenue, 2.
opposite the Logan Airport, and before I went to bed each night, 对面的约翰逊大道上。 每天晚上睡觉前，我都I used to kneel by the west window of my room and look over 会跪在卧室朝西的窗户旁，眺望黑幽幽的海水那the lights of Boston that blazed and blinked far off across the 边波士顿城明亮闪烁的灯光。夕阳将粉色的余晖darkening water. The sunset flaunted its pink flag above the 洒在机场上空，浪涛的声音永远淹没在一架架飞airport, and the sound of waves was lost in the perpetual droning 机永无休止的嗡嗡声中。 我惊奇地望着跑道上of the planes. I marveled at the moving beacons on the runway 的移动信标，看着那些闪烁的红灯、绿灯像流星and watched, until it grew completely dark, the flashing red and 般升起、降落，直到机场变得一片漆黑为止。 机green lights that rose and set in the sky like shooting stars. The 场就是我的麦加，我的耶路撒冷。 我整夜都在airport was my Mecca, my Jerusalem. All night I dreamed of 做梦，梦见自己在空中飞行。 flying.
3.
那正是我梦想斑斓的岁月。 妈妈认为我需
3 Those were the days of my technicolor dreams. Mother 要大量的睡眠，所以我每天上床睡觉时一点儿都believed that I should have an enormous amount of sleep, and 不觉得累。 那是一天中最美好的时光，我可以so I was never really tired when I went to bed. This was the best 躺下，在昏暗的暮色中慢慢进入梦乡，脑子里制time of the day, when I could lie in the vague twilight, drifting 造出许多奇异的梦来。 我的飞行梦像达利的风off to sleep, making up dreams inside my head the way they 景画那么真实可信，以致于自己常常会在一阵惊should go. My flying dreams were believable as a landscape by 吓中醒来，好像伊卡罗斯那样从天空中摔下来，Dali, so real that I would awake with a sudden shock, a 虽然发现自己刚好掉到软软的床上，但也被吓得breathless sense of having tumbled like Icarus from the sky and 喘不过气来。 当超人开始侵入我的梦乡，并教caught myself on the soft bed just in time. These nightly 给我飞行的技巧之后，我每夜的太空冒险便开始adventures in space began when Superman started invading my 了。 超人身着耀眼的蓝色衣服，肩披随风飕飕dreams and teaching me how to fly. He used to come roaring by 作响的斗篷，经常从我身边呼啸而过。他长得太in his shining blue suit with his cape whistling in the wind, 像我的舅舅弗兰克了，舅舅那会儿正跟妈妈和我looking remarkably like my Uncle Frank who was living with 住在一起。 当超人的斗篷神奇地旋转时，我好mother and me. In the magic whirling of his cape I could hear 像能听见上百只海鸥的振翅声，上千架飞机的马the wings of a hundred seagulls, the motors of a thousand 达轰鸣声。 planes.
4.
我不是这个街区里唯一的超人崇拜者，在街
4 I was not the only worshipper of Superman in our block. 的另一头，那个脸色苍白、有点书呆子气的男孩David Stirling, a pale, bookish boy who lived down the street, 儿戴维 ? 斯特令和我一样，热爱飞行的纯粹的诗shared my love for the sheer poetry of flight. Before supper 意。 每天晚饭前，我们一起收听电台的超人故every night, we listened to Superman together on the radio, and 事，白天在上学的路上，我们自己设计出各种各during the day we made up our own adventures on the way to 样的冒险活动。 school.
5.
安妮 ? F. 沃伦文法学校是一座红砖楼，座
5 The Annie F. Warren Grammar School was a red-brick 落在远离主干道的一条黑色柏油街道上，学校四building, set back from the main highway on a black tar street, 周是光秃秃的铺着碎石的操场。 戴维和我发现surrounded by barren gravel playgrounds. Out by the parking lot 学校外面停车场附近有一个角落，那里是我们玩David and I found the perfect alcove for our Superman dramas. 超人游戏的绝佳场所。 那条长长的过道通向学The dingy back entrance to the school was deep-set in a long 校又黑又脏的后门，非常适合玩意外抓捕和快速passageway which was an excellent place for surprise captures 解救的游戏。
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新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
and sudden rescues. 6. 课间休息时，我和戴维可以大展身手了。 我
们对在碎石操场上打棒球的男孩儿们视而不见，
6 During recess, David and I came into our own. We ignored 也不搭理那些在小山谷里一边玩躲球游戏一边
the boys playing baseball on the gravel court and the girls 咯咯傻笑的女孩儿们。 超人游戏让我们变得像giggling at dodge-ball in the dell. Our Superman games made us 两个逃犯似的，但也给了我们一种虚幻的优越outlaws, yet gave us a sense of windy superiority. We even 感，我们甚至找谢尔登 ? 费恩来充当恶棍。他是found a stand-in for a villain in Sheldon Fein, the sallow 街区里一个脸色苍白、胆小怕事的孩子，没有男mamma's boy on our block who was left out of the boys' games 孩儿愿意和他玩，因为一有人追他他就哭，而且because he cried whenever anybody tagged him and always 老是自己摔倒在地，擦伤他那胖胖的膝盖。 managed to fall down and skin his fat knees.
7.
一开始我们还得教谢尔登怎么扮演他的角
7 At first, we had to prompt Sheldon in his part, but after a 色，可没过多久他就变成了一位发明虐刑的专while he became an expert on inventing tortures and even 家，甚至私下里悄悄实施他的刑罚。 他常常扯carried them out in private, beyond the game. He used to pull 下苍蝇的翅膀，揪掉蚱蜢的腿，并把这些残废了the wings from flies and the legs off grasshoppers, and keep the 的昆虫囚禁在瓶子里，藏到床底下，这样他就可broken insects captive in a jar hidden under his bed where he 以偷偷把它们拿出来，看着它们痛苦挣扎的样could take them out in secret and watch them struggling. David 子。 戴维和我只在课间休息的时候和谢尔登玩，and I never played with Sheldon except at recess. After school 放学后我们就让他回家跟他的妈妈、棒棒糖以及we left him to his mamma and his bonbons and his helpless 那些无助的昆虫为伴。 insects.
8.
那时候，弗兰克舅舅住在我们家，等着参军。
8 At the time my Uncle Frank was living with us while 我肯定他和隐姓埋名的超人长得特别像。 戴维
waiting to be drafted, and I was sure that he bore an 却看不出我舅舅和超人有多么相像，但他承认弗extraordinary resemblance to Superman incognito. David 兰克舅舅是他这辈子所见过的最强壮的人，而且couldn't see the likeness as clearly as I did, but he admitted that 他会变很多戏法，比如用餐巾一盖上糖果，糖就Uncle Frank was the strongest man he had ever known, and 没了，他还能倒立行走。 could do lots of tricks like making caramels disappear under napkins and walking on his hands.
Unit 2-2 Cultural Childhoods 不同文化的童年 1 When I look back on my own childhood in the 1970s and 1. 每当我回顾20世纪七八十年代我的童年1980s and compare it with children today, it reminds me of that 时光，并将它与现在孩子的童年相比较时，famous sentence \past is a foreign country: They do things 就会想起句名言：―往昔是异国他乡，那里有differently there\(from L. P. Hartley's novel The Go-Between). 着不同的习俗（‖可参见L.P.哈特利的小说《传Even in a relatively short period of time, I can see the enormous 信人》） 。甚至在相对短暂的一段时间内，transformations that have taken place in children's lives and in the 我也能够察觉到儿童的生活以及人们对待儿ways they are thought about and treated. 童的方式上所经历的巨大变化。 2 Looking further back I can see vast differences between 2. 回顾更久远的岁月，我可以看到现在和contemporary and historical childhoods. Today, children have few 古代童年生活的巨大差别。如今的儿童责任9 / 64
新标准大学英语综合教程3课文与翻译
responsibilities, their lives are characterized by play not work, school 很少，他们生活的主要内容是玩耍而非工作，not paid labour, family rather than public life and consumption 上学而非劳动，在家里呆着而不是和外界交instead of production. Yet this is all relatively recent. A hundred 往，消费而非生产。这种变化也是最近才显years ago, a 12 year old working in a factory would have been 现出来的。一百年前，12 岁的孩子在工厂打perfectly acceptable. Now, it would cause social services' 工是完全可以接受的事情，而现在，这会招intervention and the prosecution of both parents and factory owner. 3 The differences between the expectations placed on children
today and those placed on them in the past are neatly summed up by 3. 有两位美国作家，芭芭拉·埃伦里奇和迪two American writers, Barbara Ehrenreich and Deirdre English. 尔德丽·英格利希，她们简要地概括了过去和Comparing childhoods in America today with those of the American 现在人们对儿童的期待的差异。在比较美国colonial period (1600–1776), they have written: \现在的儿童和殖民地时期（1600–1776）的儿old who can tie his or her shoes is impressive. In colonial times, 童时，她们写道：―今天，如果一个四岁的孩four-year-old girls knitted stockings and mittens and could produce 子能自己系鞋带就很了不起了。而在殖民地intricate embroidery: At age six they spun wool. A good, industrious 时期，四岁的女孩会织长筒袜和连指手套，little girl was called 'Mrs instead of 'Miss' in appreciation of her 能做复杂的刺绣，六岁就能纺毛线了。一个contribution to the family economy: She was not, strictly speaking, a 善良勤快的女孩被称为?夫人‘而不是?小姐‘，child.\
4 These changing ideas about children have led many social
scientists to claim that childhood is a \4. 对儿童的看法不断变化着，这使得许多this term to mean that understandings of childhood are not the same 社会科学家宣称童年是一种―社会建构‖。他everywhere and that while all societies acknowledge that children 们用这个术语来说明不同的地区对童年的理are different from adults, how they are different and what 解是不一样的，虽然所有社会都承认儿童与expectations are placed on them, change according to the society in 成年人有区别，至于他们之间有何不同，人which they live.
5 Social anthropologists have shown this in their studies of
peoples with very different understandings of the world to Western 5. 社会人类学家在研究那些跟西方国家持ones. Jean Briggs has worked with the Inuit of the Canadian Arctic 有不同世界观的民族时也表明了这个观点。and has described how, within these commUnit ies, growing up is 琼·布里格斯研究过加拿大北极地区的伊努伊largely seen as a process of acquiring thought, reason and 特人，她描述了在这些社会群落中成长是怎understanding (known in Inuit as ihuma). Young children don't 样大体上被看成是一个获得思想、理性和理possess these qualities and are easily angered, cry frequently and are 解力（伊努伊特人称之为 ihuma）的过程。incapable of understanding the external difficulties facing the 小孩子不具备这些素质，所有才容易生气，commUnit y, such as shortages of food. Because they can't be 常常会哭，无法理解群落所面临的诸如食物reasoned with, and don't understand, parents treat them with a great 短缺之类的外在困难。由于无法跟他们讲理，deal of tolerance and leniency. It's only when they are older and 即便讲了他们也不明白，父母对他们很宽容、begin to acquire thought that parents attempt to teach them or 很温和。一直要等到他们年龄大一点，并开discipline them.
6 In contrast, children on the Pacific island of Tonga, studied by
Helen Morton, are regularly beaten by their parents and older 6. 相反，根据海伦·莫顿的研究，太平洋岛siblings. They are seen as being closer to mad people than adults 国汤加的儿童经常挨父母和哥哥姐姐的打。because they lack the highly prized quality of social competence (or 人们认为儿童和成年人相比更像疯子，因为poto as the Tongans call it). They are regularly told off for being 他们缺乏被大家看重的社会能力（汤加人称
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来社会服务机构的介入，其父母和工厂主会被起诉。
这是为了表彰她对家庭经济的贡献，严格说来她不是一个孩子了。
们对儿童又有何期待，不同的社会给出了不一样的答案。
始有自己的思想时，父母才会尝试着去管教他们，约束他们。