Enjoying Cambridge Book I
3. No one likes a crybaby, and we disapprove of crying even in children, discouraging it in them as early as possible. 没人喜欢爱哭鼻子的人，即使是孩子，我们也不赞成他们哭，而是尽早地鼓励他们不要哭。
disapprove: vi./vt. (of) to have an unfavorable opinion 不赞成，不同意
该词为approve的反义词，在approve前加否定前缀dis-构成。既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词。作不及物动词时，后面需跟介词of，然后才能接宾语。 e.g. (1) He disapproves of women smoking. 他反对女人吸烟。
(2) They disapproved strongly of my proposal. 他们强烈反对我的建议。 discourage: vt. to take away courage and spirit from 使泄气，使灰心 该词由courage 加否定前缀dis-构成。
e.g. (1) Don’t let one failure discourage you. 不要因为一次失败就泄气。
(2) It discouraged me that I failed again in the French exam. 法语考试又一次不及格，我感到十分灰心。
4. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours... 在我们这样一个热衷于追求快乐的国家里??
devoted: a. showing great fondness or loyalty; caring a great deal 挚爱的，忠诚的，全心全意的
e.g. (1) He is devoted to music. 他热爱音乐。
(2) He is devoted to helping others. 他热衷于帮助别人。 devoted 派生自动词devote。该动词常用于词组 devote…to，意思是“to give all or a large part of time or resource to将??奉献（给），把??专用于”。
e.g. We shouldn’t devote any more time to this question. 在这个问题上我们不该再多花
时间了。
5. Adults must learn not to cry in situations in which it is permissible for a child to cry. 在允许孩子哭的场合，成年人必须学会不哭。
in which it is permissible for a child to cry: 本句为介词+关系代词引导的定语从句。 注意：介词后面的关系代词要用which。
6. Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex, it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations. 女性由于是“比较软弱”和“依赖性强”的性别，在某些动情的场合哭泣是很自然的事。
Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex: 为主语+分词短语表示原因的独立成分。该句可以理解为：Because women are the “weaker” and “dependent” sex。在书面语中，如果分词的主语不同于句子的主语，可以在分词短语前面另加一个逻辑主语。 e.g. John having run a red light, the police arrested him. 约翰由于闯红灯被警察逮捕了。 dependent: a. needing sb./sth. in order to survive or be successful 依靠的，依赖的 e.g. (1) I can’t be dependent on my parents all my life. 我不可能一辈子靠父母生活。
(2) They have a dependent child. 他们有一个还未自立的孩子。
7. So goes the American credo with regard to crying. 这就是美国人对于哭的信条。 副词so代替前面的内容，即In women, crying is excusable. But in men, crying is a mark of
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Enjoying Cambridge Book I
weakness. 此外，so放在句首使整个句子倒装。
8. “A little man,” we impress on our male children, “never cries...” 我们让男孩们牢记：“小男子汉从来不哭??”
impress: vt. to make the importance (of sth.) clear to (sb.) 给??深刻的印象，使铭记；印，压印
impress常用的结构有：impress sth. on sb.，impress sb. with sth.。
e.g. (1) My father impressed on me the value of hard work. 我父亲让我牢记努力工作的
重要性。
(2) The village impressed me with its beauty. 这个村庄的美给我留下了深刻的印象。 (3) His words are strongly impressed on my memory. 他的话深深印刻在我的心头。 10. It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological clock within
them that causes them to run down in that capacity as they grow older, but that they are trained not to cry. 美国男人不会哭，并不是因为随着年龄的增长，体内的某个生物钟使他们逐渐丧失了哭的能力，而是因为他们被训练得不会哭了。 run down: to gradually stop working, decline （使）停止运转，（使）衰退；减少；撞倒
e.g. (1) The battery has run down; it needs recharging. 电池快要用光了，需要重新充电。
(2) The company is running down its sales force. 公司正在削减销售人员。
11. Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry. 就这样美国男人被
训练得不会哭了。 thus: 放在句首时，本句成为倒装句，用助动词do放在主语we前表示主谓语序倒装。 12. The human species is the only one in the whole living nature that cries tears. 人是整个
生物界中唯一会流泪哭泣的物种。
that cries tears:是定语从句，修饰one。当先行词的前面有only时，定语从句不可以用which引导，而必须用that引导。
e.g. Football is the only game that I enjoy. 足球是我唯一喜欢的运动。
? Step Two: Writing a Thank-you Letter. This can be assigned as homework after
explaining the basic elements of writing a thank-you letter. Reference answer: Dear Xiao Ming,
I’m now back to Shanghai. In this letter I would like to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for the wonderful vacation I spent with you in Hangzhou.
Hangzhou is such a beautiful city. We visited so many pretty places and among them I was particularly impressed by the lovely scenery by the West Lake.
I do hope one day you can pay a visit to Shanghai so that I can have an opportunity to pay back your friendship.
Thank you again and keep in touch.
Yours sincerely,
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Enjoying Cambridge Book I
Li Jun
? Step Three: Grammar Review. Steps Two and Three need about 30 minutes.
I. 动词（Verb）动词是表示动作或状态的词，根据其在句子中的功能分为及物动词（transitive verbs）、不及物动词（intransitive verbs）和连系动词（linking verbs）。另外，根据词义和其在谓语中的作用分为实义动词（notional verbs）、助动词（auxiliary verbs）和情态动词（modal verbs）。
II. 形容词和副词的比较级/最高级（The Comparative and Superlative Degrees of Adjective / Adverb）形容词和副词的比较等级有原级、比较级和最高级。原级就是形容词和副词的原形。比较级和最高级的变化形式见表格。 Steps Two and Three need about 30 minute.
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