Maryanne Garry, a psychology professor, has studied the effects of photography on our memories for years. “I think the problem is that people are giving away being in the moment. Those parents at the park taking all those photos are actually paying less attention to the moment, because they’re focusing on the act of taking the photo.” she says.
Henkel, who researches human memory at Fairfield University in Connecticut, began an experiment by sending groups of students to the university’s art museum. The students observed some objects and photographed others. Then, back at the lab, they were given a memory test. Henkel found what she called a “photo-taking impairment (损伤) effect.” “The objects that they had taken photos of — they actually remembered fewer of them, and remembered fewer details. Like, how was this statue’s hands positioned, or what was this statue wearing on its head.” she says. Her students’ memories were impaired because relying on an external (外在的) memory aid meant they subconsciously (潜意识地) counted on the camera to remember the details.
“As soon as you hit ‘click’ on that camera, it’s as if you’ve outsourced your memory,” she says. “Any time we count on these external memory devices, we’re taking away the kind of mental cognitive (认知的) processing that might help us actually remember that stuff on our own.” Henkel says it’s also a mistake to think of photographs as memories. The photo will remain the same to you each time you look at it, but memories change over time. “Each time I remember what my high school graduation was like, I might be coloring and changing that memory because of my current perspective — because of new ideas that I have or things that I learned afterwards,” she says. “Human memory is much more dynamic (动态的) than photographs.” But Henkel doesn’t want people to stop taking photos. Instead, she’d like us to be more mindful when taking pictures in the first place. They’re still valuable tools that can provide “rich retrieval (检索) clues” later on.
33. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Photos taken in the park have a bad effect on children’s memory. B. The fewer photos you take, the fewer details you remember. C. Observing objects can help remember what we’ve experienced.
D. New ideas people have can completely change the memory of the past.
34. By saying “As soon as you hit ‘click’ on that camera, it’s as if you’ve outsourced your memory.” in the
last paragraph, the writer means that ______________. A. you obtain your memory relying on a camera B. you cross out our memory when using a camera C. you change your memory with the help of a camera D. you bring back your memory by hitting your camera 35. What is the attitude of Henkel towards taking photos?
A. Objective. B. Negative. C. Unconcerned. D. Doubtful. 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
E
It might seem like your dad will be around forever, but your time together can be cut short when you least expect it. So take advantage of the time you have with your father and express your love to him. However, expression of love is not always easy. ___36___ ◆ Seek your father’s advice and opinions.
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This applies from childhood to adulthood. ___37___ Listen to him. You don’t always have to agree, but he will be flattered that you asked. ◆ ___38___
Introduce him to your friends. Once you leave the nest, welcome him into your new home. When you marry and have children, include your father in many of your family functions. ◆ Arrange activities strictly for you and your dad.
Even if it’s an activity you might not fully enjoy, share his interests. ___39___ Take him to dinner, or join him in outings with friends and family. ◆ Visit your father on a regular basis.
Stop and pick up a cup of coffee to take to him as a surprise treat. Don’t wait for his birthday or Father’s Day to buy him thoughtful little gifts. ◆ Inquire about your dad’s life.
___40___ He will be proud that you care so much, and as a result, you will learn a lot about his childhood and your heritage.
A. It often takes conscious effort as follows.
B. Ask him to tell you his old stories and record them. C. Invite your dad into your life.
D. Help him with his finances, if possible.
E. Let him teach you to play golf or a card game.
F. The parent-child relationship is the longest-lasting social ties. G. He’ll be pleased that you want his guidance.
第三部分：英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分)
第一节：完型填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
One day I visited an art museum while waiting for my husband to finish a business meeting. I was expecting a quiet ___41___ of the splendid artwork.
A young ___42___ viewing the paintings ahead of me ___43___ nonstop between themselves. I watched them a moment and decided the lady was doing all the talking. I admired the man’s ___44___ for putting up with her ___45___ stream of words. ___46___ by their noise, I moved on.
I met them several times as I moved ___47___ the various rooms of art. Each time I heard her continuous flow of words, I moved away ___48___.
I was ___49___ at the counter of the museum gift shop making a purchase when the couple approached the ___50___. Before they left, the man ___51___ into his pocket and pulled out a white object. He ___52___ it into a long stick and then ___53___ his way into the coatroom to get his wife’s jacket.
“He’s a ___54___ man.” the clerk at the counter said. “Most of us would give up if we were blind at such a young age. During his recovery, he made a promise his life wouldn’t change. So, as before, he and his wife come in ___55___ there is a new art show.”
“But what does he get out of the art?” I asked. “He can’t see.”
“Can’t see! You’re ___56___. He sees a lot. More than you and I do,” the clerk said. “His wife ___57___ each painting, so he can see it in his head.”
I learned something about patience, ___58___ and love that day. I saw the patience of a young wife
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describing paintings to a person without ___59___ and the courage of a husband who would not ___60___ blindness to change his life. And I saw the love shared by two people as I watched this couple walk away, their arms intertwined.
41. A.break B.view C.wander D.scenery 42. A.lady B.man C.couple D.clerk 43. A.chatted B.argued C.screamed D.yelled 44. A.attempt B.independence C.wisdom D.patience 45. A.vivid B.constant C.casual D.exciting 46. A.Adopted B.Adapted C.Conducted D.Disturbed 47. A.through B.to C.towards D.from 48. A.anxiously B.slowly C.quickly D.sensibly 49. A.lying B.shouting C.standing D.singing 50. A.entrance B.exit C.front D.queue 51. A.touched B.held C.reached D.bent 52. A.made B.lengthened C.brought D.broadened 53. A. led B.lost C.forced D.tapped 54. A. brave B.rough C.smart D.generous 55. A.wherever B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 56. A.wrong B.silly C.equal D.unique 57. A.describes B.draws C.shows D.decorates 58. A.kindness B.pride C.enthusiasm D.courage 59. A.support B.sight C.expectation D.confidence 60. A.get B.hope C.allow D.cause
第II 卷
注意事项：将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第二节 语法填空（共10个小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（不多于3个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
One day, a tramp (流浪汉) was sleeping on a park bench, ___61___ (satisfy) with the afternoon sunshine. A couple walked by. The man stopped, woke the tramp up, and asked him, “Excuse me. ___62___ you have the time?” the tramp replied, “I’m sorry---I don’t have a watch, so I don’t know the time.” The man apologized and walked away with his wife.
The tramp lay down and went back to sleep. Just then, a woman, ___63___ was out walking her dog, shook the tramp’s shoulder until he woke up, ___64___ said, “I’m sorry to trouble you, but do you happen ___65___ (know) the time?” The tramp was a little annoyed at ___66___ (wake) up again, but he politely told the woman he didn’t have a watch and had no idea ___67___ the time. After the woman left, an idea ___68___ (occur) to the tramp. He opened his bag and took out a pen and a piece of paper. He wrote down with all his ___69___ (strong), “I do not have a watch. I do not know the time.” He then hung the paper round his neck thinking that nobody would hold him ___70___ in his sleep. Fifteen minutes later, a policeman noticed the tramp and the sign around his neck. Out of a sense of responsibility, he woke the tramp up and said, “It’s 2:30 p.m.”
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第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错 (共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧）, 并在其下写出该加的词。 删除: 把多余的词用斜线（\\）划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。 注意: 1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处, 多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today I’d like to share one of my unforgettable experience with everyone present. My parents had arranged a party for my 18th birthday at a hotel. It was raining heavy outside, so we had to stay inside all night. The room was packed with guests dancing together while we saw smoke. All begin to panic because there were so many of us that we couldn’t get out quickly. Thankfully, we managed open a window and get out of the burning building. To my sorrow, some of them had to go to hospital because of burns and breathing problems and the room which the party took place was completely destroyed. Afterwards, I was told that a building had been struck by lightning and the firefighters had spent approximately 3 hours putting off the fire.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是星光中学学生李华，近日收到你校聘请的外籍教师Peter 的电子邮件。他将于下学期开学来你校工作，希望提前了解你校的情况。请根据下图及附加信息写一封回信向其介绍你们学校的情况，并欢迎他的到来。
运动场
实
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验楼 教学 楼 喷泉 艺术中心 大 门 1） 学校活动丰富；2）各类设备齐全； 3）师生团结友爱。 参考词汇：喷泉 fountain 注意：
1.词数100字左右。
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
3.开头语和结束语已为你写好，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter，
I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to introduce our school to you. When you enter the school gate, _______________________________________________________
Yours, Li Hua
山东省滕州市第二中学2014-2015学年度下学期高一学期末复习
英语试题
第一部分 听力 (每题1.5分，共计30分 )
1－5 CCBBC 6－10 ACAAB 11-15 CAABB 16-20 CACBA 第二部分 阅读理解（每题2分，共计40分）
21-24 ABDD 25-28 CBDD 29-32 DACC 33-35 CAA 36-40 AGCEB 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满30分）
41-45 BCADB 46-50 DACCB 51-55 CBDAD 56-60 AADBC 第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分) 61. satisfied 62. Do 63. who 64. and 65. to know 66. being woken 67. of 68. occurred 69. strength 70. back 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错(共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)
第一句experience 改为 experiences 第二句had去掉 第三句heavy 改为 heavily 第四句while 改为when 第五句begin 改为began 第六句managed后加to 第七句them 改为 us , which 改为 where或改为in which 第八句a 改为the , off 改为 out 第二节 书面表达
One Possible Version （25分） Dear Peter,
I was so pleased to hear from you and am writing to introduce our school to you. When you enter the school gate, you can see a wonderful fountain in front of you. On your left is the teaching building, the tallest building on our campus. The art center is on your right, which is specially designed and the most beautiful building in my opinion. Walking on further, you’ll find our lab building. Beside it, there lies the
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sports ground, where we hold every sports meeting. Surrounded with trees, our campus provides a comfortable learning environment.
Welcome to our school. I believe you can have a nice time here because of our various school activities. The teachers and the students here are nice and friendly. Most importantly, with all essential equipment, you can go smoothly at your work. Waiting for your coming.
Yours,
Li Hua
Common
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Progress Please Criticize