毕业设计(论文) 数控车床进给系统机械传动结构的设计 MECANICAL STRUCTURE DESIGN OF CNC
LATHE FEED DERIVE SYSTEM
摘 要
数控车床进给系统是指能分别沿着X 向和Y向做进给运动的系统，是许多机电一体化 设备的基本部件，如数控车床的纵—横向进刀机构、数控铣床和数控钻床的X-Y工作台、 激光加工设备的工作台、电子元件表面贴装设备等。模块化的X-Y数控工作台，通常由导 轨座、移动滑块、工作、滚珠丝杠螺母副，以及伺服电动机等部件构成。其中伺服电动机 做执行元件用来驱动滚珠丝杠，滚珠丝杠螺母带动滑块和工作平台在导轨上运动，完成工 作台在X、Y方向的直线移动。导轨副、滚珠丝杠螺母副和伺服电动机等均以标准化，由专 门厂家生产，设计时只需根据工作载荷选取即可。控制系统根据需要，可以选取用标准的 工作控制计算机，也可以设计专用的微机控制系统。
该设计从确定小型数控车床的方案入手，设计进给系统的装配图和主要零件图。确定数 控车床数控系统后，详细论述进给传动系统各组成部分，以及各部分的计算和选用。
关键词：数控车床; 进给系统; 装配图; 零件图
Abstract
The design starts with identifying the program of small CNC lathe, and begins to design the system assembly drawing and the main part drawing. After identifying CNC lathe system, discuss the various components of the feed drive system in detail, as well as part of the
calculation and selection. The design uses a top-down design method, starting from the overall
structure, then the components of the design. In the design, full use of standardization,
serialization, universal, increase interoperability easy for maintenance. And improve production
efficiency to meet the needs of different users.
Control systems for small CNC lathes which the project develops and designs, with small size、 small footprint、 compact、 technically advanced、 high productivity and strong practicability. It is suitable for small batch processing of small parts, small enterprises,
electronic components manufacturing enterprises and individual enterprises, the ideal processing
equipment. It can also be used for high secondary school, technical school of electrical and
mechanical specialty CNC practice, experimental teaching.
Keywords: CNC Lathe Feeding System Assembly Drawing Parts Drawing
1.1 序言 ............................................................................................................................. 1 1.2设计主要任务 .............................................................................................................. 2 2 进给系统设计 ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.1总体方案设计 .............................................................................................................. 3
2.1.1 概述 ..................................................................................................................... 3
2.1.2 机械系统设
计 ..................................................................................................... 3 2.2 伺服电机设计 .............................................................................................................. 5
2.2.1 伺服电机概述 ..................................................................................................... 5
2.2.2 伺服电机选择 ..................................................................................................... 6 2.3 滚珠丝杠副介绍 .......................................................................................................... 9
2.3.1 滚珠丝杠副概述 .................................................................................................. 9
2.3.2 滚珠丝杠副特点 ................................................................................................ 10
2.3.3 滚珠丝杠副结构 ................................................................................................ 11 2.4 滚珠丝杠副设计 ........................................................................................................ 12
2.4.1 设计滚珠丝杠副原理 ........................................................................................ 12
2.4.2滚珠丝杠副选择 ................................................................................................. 13
2.4.3 滚珠丝杠副预
紧 ................................................................................................ 14
2.4.4滚珠丝杠副校核 ................................................................................................. 14 2.5 滚珠丝杠副密封与润滑 ............................................................................................ 16 2.6 滚轴丝杠副支撑选择及轴承选用 ............................................................................. 17
2.6.1 支撑方式选择 ................................................................................................... 17
2.6.2 轴承选择 ........................................................................................................... 18
2.6.3 轴承配合与润滑 ................................................................................................ 19 2.7 联轴器简介 ................................................................................................................ 20 2.8 联轴器基本要求 ........................................................................................................ 21 2.9 联轴器选择 ................................................................................................................ 21
2.10 联轴器校核 .............................................................................................................. 23 2.10.1 转矩校核 ......................................................................................................... 23