时代学习网——职业考试网上辅导的家园
E some similar features? F has been dropping?
第4部分：阅读理解(第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)?
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。? 第一篇 Chewing Gum?
The practice of chewing gum(口香糖)has been with us for more than a century. Millions of people all over the world chew billions of pieces of gum every year. ?
Chewing gum became popular in the United States mainly because of the work of one man, William Wrigley, who for many years was head of the Wrigley Company. Earlier, Thomas Adams first began to experiment with chewing gum in about the year 1870. It was he who first made gum softer and pleasant to chew. But it was not until Wrigley entered the business in about 1890 that people everywhere began to learn about chewing gum and to use it widely.
Wrigley liked to do things in a big way. In this first year, he borrowed money and spent more than a million dollars on advertising(做广告). For years, there was a large Wrigley’s advertisement in every streetcar(有轨电车)in the United States. People complained that they could not go anywhere without seeing Wrigley’s name. Wrigley even sent, free of charge, pieces of gum to every person in the telephone book of every city and town in the United States. Finally, he began to advertise that it was good for the health to chew gum and that it helped to keep the teeth clean. ?
He used to send free gum to every child in the United States on their second birthday. He employed young women who, in beautiful dresses, would go from city to city in groups of four or five, stand on street corners, and give free chewing gum to every person who passed by. In this way, each woman gave away about five thousand pieces of Wrigley’s gum every day. As a result of this continuous advertising, people in the United States naturally began to buy more and more chewing gum. ? 31 Who first started to experiment with chewing gum??
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时代学习网——职业考试网上辅导的家园
A William Wrigley. ? B Thomas Adams. ? C Children. ? D Women. ?
32 William Wrigley spent more than a million dollars in advertising his chewing gum because?
A he was a millionaire. ?
B he liked to do things in a big way. ? C he hoped to improve his health. ? D he wanted to head the company. ?
33 Which of the following is NOT true of Wrigley’s advertising??
A He used his name to advertise chewing gum in every streetcar in the U. S. ? B He sent free gum to every person in the telephone book of every city in the U. S. ?
C He sent free gum to every pretty woman in the U. S. ?
D He sent free gum to every child in the U. S. on his second birthday. ? 34 In the last paragraph, the phrase “give away” is closest in meaning to?
A “eat up”. ? B “get ready”. ? C “destroy”. ?
D “give something to someone free of charge”. ?
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时代学习网——职业考试网上辅导的家园
35 According to the passage, people in the U. S. began to chew more and more gum mainly because of?
A Wrigley’s continuous advertising. ? B its strange taste. ? C their bad teeth. ? D its pleasant flavour. ? 第二篇 Listening to Birdsong
A male zebra finch chirps away to himself. Suddenly he notices a female bird, nearby: He realizes he has an audience and immediately changes his song. Can the female tell the difference in his performance? According to a new study, the female zebra finch knows. And she prefers the special trills he creates when he sings to her. A male zebra finch changes his song when singing to a female in ways that people can barely detect. But the female finch can tell the difference.
Scientists had noticed slight variations in the songs of male zebra finches based on whether they were singing alone or whether there was a female ( and potential mate) nearby. With an audience, the males sped up the pace of their songs and controlled the notes they used.
For this Study, researchers Sarah C. Woolley and Allison Doupe at the University of California, San Francisco decided to focus attention on the listening females, which have not been
well studied in the past.
In the study, Woolley and Doupe set up a long cage with a sound speaker at each end. One broadcast the sound of a male zebra finch singing to himself, like someone singing in the shower. The other speaker broadcast a male performing for a female audience, as if he was giving a concert.
Female birds were placed between the two speakers. Some of the birds had mates, others didn't. The females shifted around a bit, and then most of them hopped over to sit beside just one speaker. All the birds that made a clear choice liked songs meant for a female audience, even if they'd never met the male.
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时代学习网——职业考试网上辅导的家园
Mated females also had a chance to listen to two different performance songs, one from an unknown male, and one from their mate. They spent more time listening, to the concert version of their mates' songs. This suggests that after a while, females learn to recognize--and prefer—the songs of their mates.
Scientists then studied the brains of the females. They found certain areas of the brain perked up when the birds listened to the concert songs. These brain areas may be involved in recognizing and evaluating the songs, and storing the memories of them.
This research deals with what's called directed communication, when the communicator, or sender, focuses the message for a specific audience. One example is the way moms speak to their babies. Mothers around the world use the same sort of high-pitched sing-song chatter, and the babies respond best to those sounds. Songbirds are one of the only other species known to learn their communication, in this case their songs.
36. What does the first paragraph say about zebra finches? A Male zebra finches like to sing to female zebra finches. B Male zebra finches sing louder than female zebra finches.
C Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches’ presence. D Male zebra finches like to listen to female zebra finches sing. 37. What did the researchers find in their study of female zebra finches? A Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.
B Female finches only liked songs male finches sang for their mates. C Female finches liked to listen to songs from both speakers. D Female finches chose the best male singers as their mates. 38. What is meant by \ A Songs sung by zebra finches at a concert.
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时代学习网——职业考试网上辅导的家园
B Songs sung by male finches for female finches. C Songs sung by female finches for male finches. D Songs sung by male finches to many female finches. 39. What is NOT tree of directed communication? A The sender of a message has a specific audience. B Male zebra finches sing to female finches. C Mothers talk to their babies.
D Male zebra finches sing to themselves.
40. Which of the following can best reflect the theme of the passage? A Chirping away.
B Birdsongs as communication. C Zebra finches and their life. D Enjoying birdsongs.
第三篇 \
Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant — may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.
Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt1, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.
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