2019年4月 因对词汇的多义和生义理解偏差而错选
在英语中，多数的词都是多义词，我们把这种现象称之为
平时多积累 不可“望文生义”
一词多义。一词多义是很普遍的语言现象。在完形填空的选 项中，有时也出现一些多义词。这些词除了我们常见的词义 外，在一些特定语境中，又出现了新的意义，即熟词生义。 如果对这类词的常见意义掌握得不够全面，会给考生在解答 完形填空时带来很大的干扰，导致错选或误选。
(一)对语篇中的关键词汇理解偏差 写出下面加黑单词的词性和含义。
1．(2018·江苏高考)They planned to keep the budget low by living on boiled noodles, with the occasional hamburger shop treat.
treat常见含义：v.对待 句中含义：n.款待
2．(2016·6月浙江高考)During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California.
station常见含义：n.车站，电台
句中含义：vt.安置
3．(北京高考)At the state championships in March, she finished seventh out of 16 girls.
finish常见含义：v.完成；结束
句中含义： v．获得名次
4．(辽宁高考)She got off her bike and put it against the gate post. post常见含义：vt.邮寄n.职位 (二)对题干中的选项词汇理解偏差
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)Much to the family’s surprise, Dennis stuck to his 52.promise! He turned up at the hospital 53 gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.
53．A.bearing C．opening
B．collecting D．making 句中含义：n.柱；桩 分析：选A 根据语境可知，丹尼斯履行了他的承诺，他带着(bearing)礼物去看了初为人母的Lindsey和她的宝宝。bear一词多义，意为“n.熊vt.忍受；承担(责任)；支撑；显示；携带；生(孩子)；开(花)等”。此处考查bear的熟词生义“带着，拿着”。
2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Just last year, I was 56 a workshop when someone knocked at the classroom door.A woman 57.excused the interruption and handed me an envelope.I stopped teaching and 58.opened it up. 1
56．A.observing C．designing
B．preparing D．conducting
分析：选D 根据下文“I stopped teaching”可知，此处指我正在教室举办研讨会。conduct一词多义，意为“n.行为；品行vt.指导，指挥；组织；安排；实施”，在这里意为“组织；实施”。
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Through the years, I’d run into former students who would provide 51 on old classmates.I learned that Freddy did several jobs after his52.graduation from high school and remained the same53.caring person I met forty years before. 51．A.assessments C．instructions
B．comments D．updates
分析：选D 根据语境可知，“我”遇到过以前的学生，他们常常会提供一些关于他们的老同学的“最新情况”。update在这里用作名词，意为“最新信息”，并非“v.更新，改造；使现代化”。
4．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)He posted his 49 on a social networking website，and received thousands of e-mails，including thirty from actual Elizabeth Gallaghers with the 50.right passports.
49．A.answer C．offer
B．advice D．comment
分析：选C post在此为动词，意为“发布”，而非最常见的“n.邮件；职位vt.邮寄”之意。offer在此是名词，意为“提议”，并非“提供，奉献，出价，提出”。
5．(2017·天津高考)At my heaviest I weighed 370 pounds.I had a very poor relationship with food：I used it to 16 bad feelings，to make myself feel better，and to celebrate.
16．A.add C．kill
B．mix D．share
分析：选C 根据下文的“to make myself feel better, and to celebrate”可知，为了使自己感觉良好，作者通过多吃食物的方式来抵消不好的情绪。kill一词多义，意为“n.杀死，捕杀v.杀死；使停止；使痛苦；消磨(时间)”，在这里意为“使停止”。
[小结]
在阅读文章的过程中，一词多义对准确理解句意造成了很大的障碍。所以，在备考时，我们要特别关注和积累一词多义，特别是常用动词及其短语，在解题过程中，注意认真思考，
2
不要“望文生义”。
(铺阴影的题目为“易因望文生义而错选”) A
体裁 记叙文 话题 人物故事 词数 273 限时 15分钟 Five years ago, Finnish Rami Adham went to help the refugees (难民) in his former hometown of Aleppo, Syria.As he was 1 ， his three-year-old daughter, Yasmin, offered to donate her toys, 2 a new Barbie doll.A deal was made, and the aid worker added 61 toys to his already heavy 3 . 4 the supplies were welcomed, it was the toys that produced the most excitement.Adham recalls (记得) kids 5 running towards him from every corner of the camp, and particularly 6 a six-year-old girl who did not 7 at all. He later discovered that she had lost her voice.Adham, who has 8 the young girl several times since and given her some toys, says, “Her 9 is always the same, a beautiful smile.”
Since then, the 10 man has been visiting different refugee camps in Syria.Each time, he 11 up to 70kg of donated toys to this war-torn country.
The journey to Syria has gotten 12 since the country closed its borders to most traffic.Adham once 13 eight miles into the city of Aleppo while carrying the heavy burden because it was too 14 to drive.
But none of the 15 appear to stop the 16 “toy smuggler (走私者) of Aleppo.” Adham says that the responses he gets from the 17 every time he hands out a toy “charge his batteries”．To give them something more to 18 ， Adham recently established a Go Fund Me campaign to raise money to 19 a school for the refugee children.In less than two months, Adham has been able to 20 over 100,000 he needs to realize his dream.
语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。一名芬兰男子为了让叙利亚难民营的孩子们展颜欢笑，不惜长途跋涉，给他们送去喜欢的玩具。
1．A.passing C．leaving
B．working D．camping
60,000 of the
详细分析：选C 联系上文中的“Finnish Rami Adham went to help the refugees(难
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