板slab 板底soffit
简支板suspended slab 嵌固板fixed-edge slab 单向板one-way slab 双向板two-way slab 肋型板ribbed slab
肋形梁板结构slab and joist ribbed construction 井字形梁板groined slab
伞型柱顶无梁楼板mushroom slab 底面露明或做平open or smooth soffit 悬臂板cantilever slab 托座bracket 框架frames
框架framework
转角joint
框架结构frame structure 结构框架structure frame 骨架skeleton
自由简支suspended 固定restrained fixed 填充墙infill
填充砖墙fill-in brickwork 构架lattice work 墙板wall panel 支撑brace
屋顶类型roof types 屋面坡度roof pitch
双坡屋顶double pitch roof gable roof 单坡屋顶single pitch roof 平屋顶flat roof 雨棚canopy
锯齿形屋顶sawtooth roof 拱圆顶dome cupola
伞形屋顶mushroom roof 锥形屋顶tent roof 四坡屋顶hip roof
壳体屋顶shell structure roofs 楼梯与踏步stairs and steps 踏步steps
踏步平板tread 踏步竖板riser 防滑条reeding 踏步突沿nosing
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楼梯间staircase 栏杆railing 扶手handrail 休息平台landing 梯段板waist slab 平台板landing slab
有平台及梁的悬挑楼梯suspended staircase with landing and beams 螺旋楼梯spiral staircase 屋顶构件roof members 屋顶结构roof structure
屋脊ridge
山墙檐口verge 山墙gable 屋檐eaves
挑檐roof overhang
屋脊及天沟ridge and valley 封檐板fascia board 坡面hip
封山板barge board 桁架梁girder
桁架梁的上下杆件总是平行的top and bottom members of a girder are always parallel
屋架truss
屋架的上下杆件是不平行的top and bottom members of a truss are not parallel 杂项various 台座pedestal
勒脚plinth 基座base
面砖墙裙half tiled wall 踢脚板skirting 坡道ramp
平台装饰平台platform loading platform
混凝土工程concrete work
混凝土的种类types of concrete
按制作区分differentiation by manufacture
现浇混凝土cast-in-site concrete in site concrete 预拌混凝土ready-mixed concrete 预制混凝土precast concrete
预应力混凝土prestressed concrete 清水混凝土exposed concrete 按所用材料区分by components used
低标号混凝土lean concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete 矿渣混凝土slag concrete
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卵石混凝土shingle concrete 按用途区分by function
大体积混凝土mass concrete 炉渣混凝土breeze concrete
基础用混凝土foundation concrete
成分components
细骨料fine aggregate
粗骨料coarse aggregate 水泥cement 水water
水泥种类type of cement
天然水泥natural of cement
标准水泥standard specification cement、specification cement 矿渣水泥slag cement
坡特兰水泥Portland cement
普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement
早强硅酸盐水泥high early strength Portland cement 快硬硅酸盐水泥rapid hardening Portland cement 铁波特兰水泥iron Portland cement 矿渣硅酸盐水泥blast furnace cement
注：水泥应为硅酸盐水泥，正常凝固时间应符合规范要求
notes：Cement shall be Portland cement normal setting to standard specification 水泥应储藏在防风雨的房屋内并置于垫高的、不透水的地面上
storage of cement in a weather proof building on a raised impervious floor 骨料aggregate
颗粒级配grading
细骨料fine aggregate
纯净的天然河砂washed natural river sand
由砾石磨成的砂粒sand derived from crushing gravel 山砂pit sand
砂应有西至粗均匀级配，最大粒径为5mm其中10－30％应通过52目筛，通过100目筛者不得超过10％
notes：sand shall be evenly graded from fine to coarse particles to maximum3／16″(5mm) of which 10-30% should pass through a sieve of 52 meshes per square inch and not over 10% should pass through a sieve of 100 meshes per s.i. 砂应为坚实的砂粒颗粒，不得含有灰尘、泥土、动植物和其他有机物 sand shall be gritty，hard particles free from dust、clay、animal、vegetable or other organic mater 粗骨料coarse aggregate 石料stone
砾石gravel 毛石rubble 石屑chips
扁砾石shingles
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卵石pebbles
注：粗骨料应为坚实、耐久、清洁的石料，其粒径级配有3／16吋至2吋
notes：coarse aggregate shall be hard 、sound 、durable and clean stone in graduations forms 3／16″to2″ 所有史料不得含有砂、灰尘、盐类、石灰、沥青、泥土或其他有害物质 all stone shall be free from sand、dust、salt、lime、bitumen、slay、or other deleterious matter
混凝土搅拌mixing of concrete 配料batching
体积比volume batching 重量比weight batching 稠度consistency
水灰比water-cement ratio
混凝土28天强度concrete stress after 28 days 试块test cube
坍落度试验slump test
由搅拌而引起的体积损失为±42％volume loss due to mixing ±42％ 混凝土强度concrete stress
加掺合料的防水混凝土water tight concrete by additive
注：由施工单位对全部混凝土工程的强度、耐久性、密实性、不渗水性及稳定性负最后责任
the final responsibility as to strength 、durability、density、impermeability and stability of all concrete work will be the contractor’s 捣固compaction
用振捣器捣固compaction by mechanical vibrators
人工振捣hand compaction
振动器的种类types of mechanical vibrators
表面振动器surface vibators 振动棒vibrator beam
插入式振动器internal vibrator
如带软轴的振动器e.g. vibrators cylinder with flexible shaft 注：所有混凝土必须用插入式振动器充分振捣以保证密实
notes：all concrete is to be thoroughly compacted by internal vibrators to ensure solidity
养护（凝固）curing （maturing） 凝固热maturing heat
注：所有新浇灌的混凝土必须用湿麻袋或喷水养护，时间不少于10天
notes：all newly placed concrete is to be kept damp for not less than 10 days by means of wet sack or sprinklers
修补making good （patching）
注：松动的砾石应予清除，用水泥砂浆填实所有空洞。大体积混凝土用1：3水泥砂浆，细石混凝土及钢筋混凝土用1：2水泥砂浆notes：remove pockets of loose gravel and fill resulting voids and other holes with approved cement mortar 1：3
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for mass concrete and cement mortar 1：2 for fine and reinforced concrete 钢筋reinforcement
钢筋混凝土r.c.=reinforced concrete 钢筋骨架reinforcement cage
钢筋网片mesh reinforcement steel fabric 受拉钢筋tensile reinforcement
受压钢筋compressive reinforcement 受剪钢筋shear reinforcement 钢筋保护层concrete cover
各位置保护层的净厚度均为25mm clear cover is to be provided
板中不小于in slabs not less than 梁端不小于ends of beam 梁底不小于soffits of beams 梁侧不小于sides of beams 柱不小于columns
注：任何情况下钢筋保护层厚度不应小于所保护的钢筋直径
notes：in no case shall the concrete cover be less than the diameter of the rod to be covered
钢筋种类types of reinforcement bars 主筋main bar
架立筋spacer bar 连接筋splice bar 锚固筋anchor bar U型筋U-shaped bar L型筋L-shaped bar 吊装钢筋erection bar 插接钢筋starter bar
承受吊装应力的钢筋reinforcement for stresses occurring during erection work 定位钢筋stay 开口钢箍support 钢筋座chair 箍筋stirrup 柱内箍筋binder
螺旋钢筋spiral reinforcement
钢筋的弯曲与铺放bending and laying of reinforcement 位置location
编号mark 数量no. requ 直径dia
总长度total length 弯曲形状bending form
所有弯曲尺寸均为外包尺寸all bending dimensions are outer dimensions
所有钢筋交叉点均应以1.6mm软钢丝绑扎牢all bars intersection shall be securely tied with 1.6mm annealed soft wire
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