English Exercise for Marine Engineering
Lesson 1
How Does A Marine Diesel Engine Work?
单项选择题：
1. In the two-stroke engine, inefficient scavenging and other losses reduce _______
to about 1.8. A. the output B. the oil flow C. the diameter D. the power advantage
2. The ________ engine is used for alternators and sometimes for main propulsion
with a gear box to provide a propeller of between 90 to 120 rpm. A. four-stroke B. two-stroke C. slow speed D. reversible 3. The burning of the fuel adds more heat to the air charge, causing it to expand and
force the engine piston to do work on the _______ which in turn drives the ship?s propeller. A. crank-pin B. crankshaft C. crankcase D. camshaft
4. The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine which ignites the fuel
by injecting it into hot, high pressure air in a _______. A. air bottle B. air compressor C. crankcase D. combustion chamber 5. The four-stroke engine is used for _______ and sometimes for main propulsion
with a gearbox to provide a propeller speed of between 90 to 120 rev/min. A. alternator B. turbo-charger C. remote controller D. windlass 6. The operation between two fuel injections is called a _______.
A. turning cycle B. working cycle C. working hour D. working stroke 7. The operation between two fuel injections is called a working cycle, which
consists of a fixed sequence of events. What does “which” mean in this sentence? A. a working cycle B. the operation C. two fuel injections D. events 8. The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston coming up from the bottom of its
stroke, with scavenge ports in the sides of the cylinder being _______. A. shut B. closing C. opened D. closed
9. The two-stroke cycle begins with the piston ________, with the air inlet ports or
scavenge ports in the sides of the cylinder being opened. A. coming down from the BDC B. coming up from the BDC C. coming down from the TDC D. coming up from the TDC
10. A charge of fresh air is drawn into the engine cylinder and then _______- by the
moving piston __________ very high pressure. A. pressed / to B. pressurized / with C. pushed / in D. compressed / to
11. For an ordinary four-stroke diesel engine the exhaust valves close _______.
A. after TDC B. before TDC C. after BDC D. before BDC 12. In an ordinary diesel engine the fuel injection begins ________.
A. after TDC B. before TDC C. after BDC D. before BDC
13. ______usually helps to induce air movement to assist combustion.
A. Cylinder cover B. Main bearing
C. The exhaust valve D. The piston movement
14. A diesel engine is similar to a gasoline engine except that the former has no
______.
A. cross-head B. spark plug C. connecting rod D. cylinder 15. Suppose the rated capacity of the main engine of a ship is 10,000 KW. at 100
rated rpm, then when at 80 rpm its capacity should be ______.
A. 800 KW B. 5120 KW C. 6400 KW D. 4180 KW
Lesson 2
Diesel Engine Construction I
单项选择题：
1. In the part of the cylinder liner inside the scavenging air box there is a series of openings known as ________. A. scavenging air ports B. exhaust ports C. fuel valves D. indicator cocks
2. On the top of scavenging air box is mounted a strong cast iron frame for each cylinder known as _________. A. cooling jacket B. cylinder liner C. piston crown D. cylinder cover
3. The bedplate is secured in the longitudinal direction by means of bolts known as _______.
A. end-chock bolts B. side-chock bolts C. through bolts D. tie rods 4. The chain transmission, forming the connection between the crankshaft and the camshaft, is enclosed in a cast iron casing known as _______. A. the chain drive casing B. the strong cast iron frame C. the scavenging air box D. the fabricated casing
5. The crankshaft rests in bearings built into cross girders of ______. A. A-shape frame B. cylinder block C. the bed plate D. the double bottom
6. The cylinder covers and the liners are bolted together by means of _______. A. bolts welded into the cylinder head B. bolts welded into the cylinder frames
C. studs screwed into the cylinder head D. studs screwed into the cylinder frames
7. The cylinder liners are made of _______ and the cylinder surfaces are sometimes chromium-plated. A. steel B. copper C. cast iron D. stainless steel
8. The ports are drilled in the liners at an angle of approx. 20℃, the result being that _______ is given a rotary movement.
A. the scavenging air B. the exhaust gases C. the mixed air D. the spray oil 9. ________ is secured by means of side-chock bolts and end-chock bolts. A. The bedplate B. The column C. The main bearing D. The double bottom
10. At the top of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called ________. A. cylinder liner B. cylinder cover C. the gear box D. the scavenging
box
11. Fuel injection uses the jet pump system and a Woodward type hydraulic ______ is used to control engine speed. A. controller B. governor C. instrument D. apparatus
12. ________ of the A-frames there is a strong cast iron frame called the scavenging air box.
A. At the top B. At the bottom C. In the top D. In the bottom
13. Bedplates are the ______of the engine, without the support of which the shaft alignment in particular, and engine structure as a whole(总体上）, would inevitably be lost.
A. hull B. projection C. graphitication D. foundation
Lesson 3
Diesel Engine Construction II
单项选择题：
1. Sealing between the crankcase and scavenging air boxes for a two-stroke diesel engine is achieved by means of ________. A. the connecting rod stuffing boxes B. the rings in the stuffing boxes C. the sealing rings of piston D. the scraper rings of piston
2. Shims of different thickness are inserted between the shells to enable adjustment of _______.
A. the bearing clearances B. the bearing thickness C. the bearing strength D. the bridge hardness
3. Such an engine frame helps ________ the engine and so protect the bearings from the deformation forces transmitted via the ship?s double bottom. A. to stiffen B. to soften C. to loosen D. to wear
4. The bedplate is of fabricated design and consists of two I-shaped longitudinal girders with transverse numbers into which the cast steel bearing housing are welded. What?s the meaning of “numbers” in the sentence above? A. bedplates B. girders C. bearing housings D. consists 5. The crank pin journal is provided with large bores for ________. A. lubrication B. cooling C. balancing purpose D. ventilation 6. The crank throws are displaced from _______ to obtain the same number of degrees between the different crank throws. A. one another B. the other C. each other D. each others 7. The crank pin bearings are made of _______. A. alloy steel B. resistance heat steel C. cast steel D. cast iron 8. The crankshaft is of the semi-built type, with the journal ______ the forged or cast steel crank throws. A. being shrunk into B. to be shrunk into C. to be shrunk with D. shrinking into
9. The cross head and crank pin bearings are secured to the _______ by means of fitted bolt.
A. cross head guides B. crosshead shoes C. piston rod D. connecting
rod
10. The crosshead pin bearings are white metal lined shells lubricated by means of _______.
A. low pressure pumps B. centrifugal pumps C. high pressure pumps D. mechanical compressors
11. The crosshead shoes are white metal lined grooves being cut ________ in the face of the white metal. A. horizontally B. vertically C. slantingly D. crosswise
12. The crosshead shoes are white metal lined grooves being cut horizontally in the face of the white metal to ensure ________. A. an adequate supply of lube oil B. an adequate supply of fuel oil C. an adequate supply of turbine oil D. an adequate supply of cylinder oil 13. The diffuser扩压管 prevents pressure pulses脉冲 from one cylinder ________ another during operation.
A. to interfere with 干扰，影响 B. interfering with C. to help scavenging D. helping scavenging
14. The gas loads on the engine structure are constrained抑制，压制 by means of hydraulically preloaded预紧的 ________ which connect the bedplate, frame sections and cylinder jackets into a single unit. A. connecting rods B. main bearing C. column D. tie rods
15. The lower end of each piston rod is ________ in diameter to fit a bore in the crosshead, this being secured to the piston rod by a nut. A. increased B. constant C. reduced D. variable
16. The lower end of each piston rod is reduced in diameter to fit a bore in the _______, this being secured to the piston rod by a nut. A. piston gudgeon pin B. piston skirt C. crosshead D. crosshead pin
17. The outside diameter of the pipe is _______ the diameter of the bore of the piston rod, the result being that an annular space formed between the piston rod and the pipe.
A. less than B. greater than C. equal to D. twice larger than 18. The piston ring grooves for a standard engine are _______. A. chromium-plate against wear B. anti-corrosion treated C. white metal lined against wear D. flame hardened against wear
19. The piston rods are bored from the top flange to a point opposite the center of _______.
A. the main bearing B. the crankshaft C. the dowel pin D. the crosshead
20. The piston supporting body is mainly subjected to ______ stress. A. pushing B. centrifugal C. stretch D. compressive
21. The pistons are cooled by oil supplied from the forced ________ system. A. fresh water B. sea water C. lubrication D. fuel oil 22. The position of _______ on the crosshead is determined by dowel pins.
A. grooves B. piston rings C. piston skirts D. crosshead shoes 23. The position of the piston parts in relation to each other is secured by means of ______ in the crown. A. a mark B. a bolt C. a dowel pin D. a measuring rod 24. The pumps press oil into the crosshead bearing gap when the load on the shell is _______.
A. at its highest B. with its greatest C. increasingly larger D. at its lowest 25. The sealing rings are in four parts and pressed together around the piston rods by means of ________. A. nuts B. bolts C. coil springs D. stuffing boxes
26. The shells are secured by means of bearing caps and studs, the necessary clearance being provided by means of ______ of different thickness. A. shims B. packing C. glands D. washers 27. _________ provide the water to the pistons. A. Pneumatic pipes B. Hydraulic pipes C. Telescopic pipes D. Operating gas pipes
28. All the rings are slightly rounded on their external top and bottom edges to keep the oil film on the cylinder liner during _______ for new piston rings. A. the running-in period B. the running process C. gas exchange process D. the boiler firing
29. Cross head bearing bushes found worn out to be remetaled, clearance to be readjusted by means of ________. A. bridge gauge B. shim C. flexibled D. lead wire
30. Each piston stuffing box is provided with two sealing rings and three ______. A. packings B. piston rings C. distributor rings D. scraper rings 31. A main bearing consists of two shells which are secured by means of studs and ________.
A. tie rods B. through bolts C. lead wire D. bearing caps
32. _______ are fitted in the exhaust system and facilitate charge removal and scavenging in each cylinder.
A. Diffusers B. Compressors C. Steam boilers D. Soot blowers 33. A cast steel strong back is fitted in way of the combustion space to help absorb _______.
A. flame temperature B. fuel oil C. air movement D. gas forces
34. Precision engine bearing inserts are manufactured with a small portion of the bearing ends extending beyond the bearing housing or caps. The installation process of these bearings requires sufficient ______.
A. overlap B. crush C. lap or lead D. protrusion 35. Each journal and pin should be examined for ______and grooving. A. bridges B. recesses C. rears D. ridging 36. The lower section of a piston is called the ______.
A. land B. skirt C. crown D. plate
37. The load on the crosshead pin is always______, so it is the ______half of the bearing which is subject to wear.