ÃðijЩ×ÔÈ»ÒßÔ´µØºÍ³¹µ×ÏûÃðÊóÒßÒ²ÊÇÍêÈ«¿ÉÄܵġ£ÑªÎü³æ²¡¡¢¯‘¼²¡¢Ë¿³æ²¡¡¢¹³³æ²¡µÈËÄ´ó¼ÄÉú³æ²¡£¬ÒѾ´ïµ½»ù±¾¿ØÖÆ»òÏûÃðµÄµØÇø£¬Òª¹®¹ÌÌá¸ßÒѵóɹû£¬Ïò³¹µ×ÏûÃð·½ÏòÂõ½ø£»ÉÐδ´ïµ½»ù±¾¿ØÖÆ»òÏûÃðµÄµØÇø£¬ÒªÇó¾ø´ó¶àÊýÁ÷ÐеØÇø´ïµ½ËõСºÍÏûÃð£¬ÆäÓàµØÇøÒ»¶¨×öµ½¿ØÖÆÆä·¢Éú¡£¶ÔÆäËû´«È¾²¡¡¢µØ·½²¡ºÍÂýÐÔ²¡µÄ·ÀÖι¤×÷£¬Ò²ÒªÉîÈëµØ¿ªÕ¹£¬×÷³ö¸ü´óµÄ³É¼¨À´¡£×ÜÖ®£¬ÒªÍ¨¹ý¹ã´óµÄȺÖÚÐÔµÄÎÀÉúÔ˶¯£¬ÏûÃðËĺ¦£¬ÏûÃðÖ÷Òª¼²²¡£¬Ìá¸ßÈËÃñÎÀÉúˮƽ£¬±£Ö¤¹¤Å©ÒµÉú²ú½¨É裬ÕâÊÇÒ»Ïîΰ´óµÄ¹âÈٵĵ«ÓÖÊǼè¾ÞµÄÈÎÎñ¡£ÎªÁËÍê³ÉÕâÏîÈÎÎñ±ØÐëÔÚµ³Î¯Í³Ò»Á쵼ϣ¬¸ù¾Ýµ±µØÇé¿ö£¬×÷³ö³ýº¦Ã𲡵Ĺ滮£¬°ÑÖØµã¼²²¡µÄ·ÀÖκÍÒ»°ã¼²²¡µÄ·ÀÖνáºÏÆðÀ´£¬²¢ÄÉÈëÉú²ú¼Æ»®ÖУ¬Í³Ò»°²ÅÅ¡£ÒªÇÐʵÕþÖιÒ˧£¬¼ÓÇ¿Áìµ¼£¬¼ÓÇ¿Ð×÷¡£¼ÌÐøÆÆ³ýÃÔÐÅ£¬½â·Å˼Ï룬·¢Ñï¹²²úÖ÷Òå¸ßÉзç¸ñ¡£Òª°ÑÓÒÇã˼Ï뷴͸£¬¸É¾¢¹Ä×㣬°Ñ¿ªÕ¹ÈºÖÚÐÔµÄÔ˶¯ºÍ½¨Á¢¾³£³Ö¾ÃµÄÖÆ¶È½áºÏÆðÀ´£¬¼ÈÓкäºäÁÒÁÒµÄÍ»»÷Ô˶¯£¬ÓÖÒªÓÐ̤̤ʵʵµÄ¾³£¹¤×÷£¬Á½ÕßÃÜÇнáºÏ£¬±ê±¾¼æÖΣ¬Í¬Ê±Òª¼°Ê±×ܽṤ×÷ÖоÑ飬ʹ³ýº¦Ãð²¡Ô˶¯²»¶ÏÉîÈëÌá¸ß¡£Òª½øÐй㷺ÉîÈëµÄÐû´«¹¤×÷£¬Ê¹¹ã´óȺÖÚ¶®µÃ²¢Ñø³ÉÎÀÉúϰ¹ß£¬Ê¹½²ÎÀÉúÐγÉÉç»á·çÆø¡£ÔÚȺÖÚÔ˶¯ÖÐÎÀÉú²¿ÃÅÒª¼°Ê±¹á³¹·ÀÖμ¼ÊõÅÄÊ©£¬¼ÓÇ¿¼¼ÊõÖ¸µ¼£¬°ÑȺÖڸɾ¢ºÍ¼¼ÊõÖ¸µ¼½áºÏÆðÀ´¡£
ĿǰÔòҪѸËÙÄâ¶©·ÀÖζ¬´º¼¾´«È¾¹ºµÄ¹æ»®¡£ÌرðҪץ½ôÈËÃñ¹«Éç¡¢³§¿ó¡¢¹¤µØºÍ»ú¹Ø¡¢ÍÅÌ塢ѧУ¡¢ÍжùËùµÈ¼¯ÌåÉú»îµ¥Î»£¬´óÁ¦Ô¤·ÀÁ÷¸Ð¡¢ÂéÕî¡¢°×ºí¡¢ÃºÆøÖж¾¡¢¶³É˵ȶ¬´º¼¾¼²²¡ºÍ²¡¶¾ÐÔ·ÎÑס¢´«È¾ÐÔ¸ÎÑס¢É˺®µÈ´«È¾ÐÔ¼²²¡¡£ÒªÈÏÕæ¹á³¹Ô¤·ÀΪÖ÷µÄ·½Õ룬ÔçÆÚ·¢ÏÖ²¡Ö¢£¬ÔçÆÚÕï¶ÏÖÎÁƺͽøÐбØÒªµÄ¸ôÀë¡¢Ïû¶¾¡£ÕâÑùÒ»µ©·¢ÏÖ¼¾½ÚÐÔ´«È¾²¡¾ÍÄܼ°Ê±ÆËÃ𣬲»Ê¹ÂûÑÓÀ©´ó¡£
ÔÚ¶¬´º¼¾Ê±¹âÀҲҪ¸ù¾Ýµ±µØ¾ßÌåÇé¿ö£¬ÃÜÇÐÅäºÏÉú²ú£¬×¥½ôʱ»ú£¬ÏûÃð²ÐÓàËĺ¦£¬¼ÓÇ¿Öα¾¹¤×÷¡£
¶þ¡¢Òª¼ÌÐø×é֯ũ´åÎÀÉú¹¤×÷´óÔ¾½ø¡£Å©´åÈËÃñ¹«É绯ÒԺ󣬸øÎÀÉú¹¤×÷´øÀ´Á˼«ÎªÓÐÀûµÄÌõ¼þ£¬²¢¼«´óµØ´Ù½øÁËÅ©´åÎÀÉú¹¤×÷µÄ·ÉÔ¾·¢Õ¹£¬Í¬Ê±£¬ÔÚÈËÃñ¹«É绯ºó£¬ÈºÖÚÉú²ú¡¢Éú»î¸ß¶È¼¯ÖеÄÇé¿öÏ£¬Ò²ÒªÇóÎÀÉú¹¤×÷±ØÐë½ô½ôµØ¸úÉÏÈ¥¡£Òª¸ãºÃ¼¯ÌåÎÀÉú¹¤×÷£¬ÒªÊ¹Å©´åÎÀÉúÃæÃ²Ñ¸Ëٵصõ½½øÒ»²½¸ÄÉÆ¡£
ÒªÍê³ÉÕâÏîÈÎÎñ£¬Ê×ÏÈÒ²»¹ÊÇÒª´óÁ¦¿ªÕ¹³ýËĺ¦¡¢½²ÎÀÉú¡¢ÏûÃð¼²²¡µÄȺÖÚÔ˶¯¡£Å©´åÒªÌØ±ð×¢ÒâÇå³ýæÜÉúÎÃÓ¬³¡ËùºÍæÜÉúÌõ¼þ£¬¶Ô²ÞËù¡¢·à¿ÓµÄ¹ÜÀí¸ÄÁ¼ºÍÊèͨ¹µÇþ¡¢Ìîµæ¿ÓÍݺÜÖØÒª£¬¶Ô·à±ãÀ¬»øÒªÈÏÕæ½øÐÐÎÞº¦»¯´¦Àí£¬ÌᳫÈÕ²ú¡¢ÈÕÇå¡¢ÈÕ·â¡¢¹ã·ºÍÆÐÐÄà·â¶Ñ·Ê¡¢·à¶ÑÃÜ·âÖü·à»ò·à³ØÃÜ·â·¢½ÍµÈ°ì·¨£»²¢¼°Òª¾³£ÓÐÈ˹ÜÀí¡£×ÜÖ®ÒªÕæÕý´ïµ½·ÀÓ¬ÃðÂѵÄÄ¿µÄ¡£
Òª¿ªÕ¹Å©´å³ýº¦Ã𲡹¤×÷£¬±ØÐëÒÔ¼¯ÌåÉú»îµ¥Î»ÎªÖÐÐÄ£¬¼ÓÇ¿ÎÀÉúÐû´«½ÌÓý£¬°ÑÎÀÉú¿ÆÑ§ÖªÊ¶½»¸øÈºÖÚ¡£¶ÔÓÚ¹«¹²Ê³Ìã¬Ò»¶¨Òª¼ÓÇ¿½øÐÐÎÀÉú¹ÜÀí£¬½¨Á¢ÇÐʵ¿É
ÐеÄÎÀÉúÖÆ¶È£¬¸ÄÉÆÊ³ÌõÄÎÀÉúÌõ¼þ£¬ÇÐʵ¸ãºÃʳÌÃÎÀÉú£¬²¢ÔÚ·¢Õ¹¸±Ê³Æ·Éú²úµÄ»ù´¡ÉÏ£¬ºÏÀíµ÷ÅäÓªÑø£¬±£Ö¤ÉçÔ±³ÔµÃºÃ£¬³ÔµÃ±¥£¬³ÔµÃ¸É¾»ÎÀÉú£¬ÑÏ·ÀʳÎïÖж¾ºÍÉ˺®µÈ³¦Î¸´«È¾²¡µÄ·¢ÉúºÍÁ÷ÐС£¶ÔÍжùËù¡¢Ó×¶ùÔ°Ò²±ØÐë¼ÓÇ¿¾³£ÐÔµÄÎÀÉú¹¤×÷£¬°ïÖúËüÃǽ¨Á¢ ±ØÒªµÄÎÀÉúÖÆ¶È£¬½â¾ö±ØÐèµÄÎÀÉúÉ豸(ÈçÍÆ¹ãÍÁÖÆ×ÔÀ´Ë®Ï´ÊÖÁ³É豸µÈ)£¬ÅàÑø¶ùͯµÄÎÀÉúϰ¹ß£¬¸ÄÉÆ¶ùͯÒûʳÎÀÉú£¬±£Ö¤¶ùͯµÄÕý³£·¢Óý£¬ÔöÇ¿¶ùͯµÄÌåÖÊ£¬»ý¼«Ô¤·À¶ùͯÖ÷Òª´«È¾²¡µÄ·¢ÉúºÍÁ÷ÐС£²¢ÇÒ¶Ô´¶ÊÂÔ±¡¢±£ÓýÔ±½øÐÐÆÕ±éµÄÎÀÉúѵÁ·£¬Ê¹ÆäÁ˽âÎÀÉú¡¢ÓªÑøºÍ±£Óý֪ʶ¡£
ÔÚ´ó×¥¼¯ÌåÉú»îÖеÄÎÀÉúÔ¤·À¹¤×÷µÄͬʱ£¬»¹±ØÐëÈÏÕæµØ×÷ºÃ¼¯ÌåÉú²úÖеÄÎÀÉúÔ¤·À¹¤×÷£¬´ó×¥Ìï¼ä¡¢¹¤µØµÄÀͶ¯ÎÀÉúºÍÀͶ¯±£»¤£¬Ò½Ò©ÎÀÉúÈËÔ±Ò»¶¨Òª°ÑÒ½Ò©Ë͵½Ìï¼ä¡¢¹¤µØ¡¢³µ¼ä£¬Ò»Ãæ·ÀÖμ²²¡£¬Ò»ÃæÐû´«ÎÀÉú֪ʶ£¬Ò»Ãæ²Î¼ÓÉú²úÀͶ¯£¬´Ó¶ø±£ÕÏÀͶ¯´ó¾üµÄ½¡¿µ£¬±£Ö¤Å©ÌïË®Àû½¨ÉèÈÎÎñµÄʤÀûÍê³É¡£
Èý¡¢Òª¼ÌÐøÈÏÕæ¹á³¹µ³µÄÖÐÒ½Õþ²ß£¬¼ÓÇ¿ÖÐÎ÷Ò½µÄÍŽáºÏ×÷£¬¼Ì³Ð·¢Ñï׿¹úÒ½Ò©ÒŲú¡£½ü¼¸ÄêÀ´£¬ÔÚµ³ÖÐÑëµÄÁ쵼ϣ¬Ê¹ÖÐÒ½¹¤×÷ÓÐÁ˺ܴóµÄ¿ªÕ¹¡£³ýÁ˰ìºÃÎ÷ҽѧϰÖÐÒ½ÀëÖ°°àÍ⣬ÎÒÃÇÒª¼ÌÐøÌᳫÎ÷Ò½ºÍÆäËûÎÀÉúÈËÔ±×ÔÔ¸µØÑ§Ï°ÖÐÒ½£¬½øÒ»²½¼ÓÇ¿ÖÐÎ÷Ò½Ö®¼äµÄÍŽáºÏ×÷£¬¹²Í¬·ÀÖθ÷ÖÖ¼²²¡£¬Í¬Ê±Òª¼ÓÇ¿ÖÐÒ½Ò©µÄÕûÀíÑо¿¹¤×÷¡£¾ÑéÖ¤Ã÷£¬ÒªÈÏÕæ¹á³¹µ³µÄÖÐÒ½Õþ²ß£¬±ØÐëÕþÖιÒ˧£¬¾ÍÊÇ˵Ҫ½â¾ö˼ÏëÎÊÌâ¡£Òª²»¶Ï¿Ë·þÆçÊÓÅųâÖÐÒ½µÄÇãÏò£¬µ±È»Ò²Òª·ÀÖ¹ºöÊÓÏÖ´úҽѧµÄÇãÏò¡£ ËÄ¡¢¹á³¹ÇÚ¼ó°ìÒ½Ôº£¬ÒÔҽԺΪÖÐÐÄ¿ªÕ¹Ô¤·À¹¤×÷µÄ·½Õ룬¼á³ÖÈý°àÃÅÕïÖÆ£¬Õý¹æ²¡´²Óë¼òÒײ¡´²¡¢¼ÒÍ¥²¡´²Ïà½áºÏ£¬±ãÀûÈËÃñ¾Í½ü¾ÍÒ½¡£Ò½Ôº¹¤×÷¾¹ýÈ¥Äê´óÔ¾½ø£¬¸Ä¸ïÁËÐí¶à²»ºÏÀíµÄÖÆ¶È£¬¸Ä½øÁË·þÎñ̬¶È£¬µÃµ½ÁËÈËÃñºÍ²¡Ô±µÄºÃÆÀ£¬Ò½ÔºµÄÒ½ÁÆÖÊÁ¿ÏÔÖøÌá¸ß£¬²î´íʹʴóΪ¼õÉÙ£¬Ò½Ôº¹¤×÷³öÏÖÁËһƬÐÀÐÀÏòÈÙµÄÐÂÆøÏó£¬ÕâÖ÷ÒªÊÇÓÉÓÚÕþÖιÒ˧µÄ½á¹û£¬ÎÒÃÇÒªÔÚÕâ¸ö³É¼¨»ù´¡ÉϸüÌá¸ßÒ»²½¡£ÔÚÒ½ÔºÖÐÒ»¶¨Òª¼ÓÇ¿ÖÐÎ÷Ö®¼ä£¬Ò½Éú»¤Ê¿Ö®¼äµÄÍŽáºÏ×÷£¬ÓÀÔ¶Ê÷Á¢ÆðÈ«ÐÄÈ«ÒâΪÈËÃñ½¡¿µ·þÎñµÄ¹¤×÷̬¶È£¬Ê¹Ò½ÔºÕæÕý³ÉΪÉç»áÖ÷ÒåµÄÈËÃñÒ½Ôº¡£
´ËÍ⣬ҽѧ½ÌÓý¡¢¸¾Ó×ÎÀÉú¡¢Ò©Æ·Æ÷еÉú²ú¹©Ó¦£¬Ò½Ñ§¿ÆÑ§Ñо¿µÈ¹¤×÷£¬¶¼Ó¦µ±¸ù¾ÝΪÉú²ú·þÎñ£¬³ýº¦Ã𲡵Ä×ÜÄ¿±êºÍ¸÷¸öʱÆÚµÄ¹¤×÷ÖÐÐÄ£¬¹Ä×ã¸É¾¢£¬Á¦ÕùÉÏÓΣ¬´óÁ¦¿ªÕ¹ÆðÀ´£¬¼ÌÐøÔ¾½ø¡£
ÎÒÃǹ¤×÷ÖÐËùÈ¡µÃµÄ³É¼¨£¬Êǵ³µÄÁìµ¼µÄ½á¹û£¬ÊÇ×Ü·ÏßµÄʤÀû¡£µ³ÓÀÔ¶ÊÇÎÒÃÇǰ½øµÄµÆËþ¡£ÎÒÃÇÒªÓÀÔ¶µØ¾ø¶ÔÌýµ³µÄ»°£¬²»¶ÏµØÌá¸ß×Ô¼ºµÄÕþÖξõÎòºÍÒµÎñ¼¼Êõˮƽ£¬¸üºÃµØÎªÈËÃñ·þÎñ¡£Í¬Ê±ÒªÀÎÀμÇס£¬ÎÒÃÇËùÈ¡µÃÿһ³É¼¨£¬¶¼Êǹ᳹µ³µÄȺÖÚ·ÏßµÄʤÀû£¬Ö»Óгä·ÖÐÅÀµÈºÖÚµÄÖǻۺÍÁ¦Á¿£¬½ô½ôµØÒÀ¿¿ÈºÖÚ£¬ÖÃÉíÓÚȺÖÚÖ®ÖУ¬ÓëȺÖÚÒ»µÀ½øÐмè¾ÞµÄÀͶ¯²ÅÄÜÈ¡µÃÖØ´óµÄ³É¾Í¡£ÒªÀÎÀμÇסµ³µÄ½Ìµ¼:¡°ÈËÊÇÉú²úÁ¦µÄ×î»ý¼«µÄÒòËØ£¬ÈËÃñȺÖÚÊÇÀúÊ·µÄ´´ÔìÕß¡£¡±ÎÒÃÇΪÉç»áÖ÷Ò彨Éè·þÎñ£¬
¾Í±ØÐëÒԸ߶ȵĹ²²úÖ÷Ò徫ÉñΪÈËÃñ½¡¿µ·þÎñ¡£Ìá¸ßÈ˵Ľ¡¿µË®Æ½£¬Ìá¸ßÀͶ¯Éú²úÂÊ£¬ÓëȺÖÚÒ»Æð£¬´´ÔìÎÒÃÇÃÀºÃµÄδÀ´¡£²¢ÒÔ²»¶Ï¸ïÃüµÄ¾«Éñ£¬°ÑÎÒ¹ú½¨Éè³ÉΪһ¸ö¾ßÓÐÏÖ´ú¹¤Òµ¡¢ÏÖ´úũҵºÍÏÖ´ú¿ÆÑ§ÎÄ»¯µÄ·±ÈÙ¸»Ç¿µÄΰ´óµÄÉç»áÖ÷Òå¹ú¼Ò¡£ÎÒÃǼáÐÅ£¬Óе³ÖÐÑëºÍÎÒ¹ú¸÷×åÈËÃñµÄΰ´óÁìÐäëÖ÷ϯµÄÁìµ¼£¬ÓÐÁùÒÚÎåǧÍòÇÚÀÍÓ¸ҵÄÈËÃñ£¬ÔÚ×Ü·ÏߵĹâ»ÔÕÕÒ«ÏÂÒ»¶¨Äܹ»´ïµ½ÎÒÃÇǰ½øµÄÄ¿±ê¡£
(±¾ÎÄ·¢±íÔÚ1959Äê12ÆÚµÚ1Ò³ÉÏ)