雅思基础写作
雅思考试写作部分简介
雅思写作考试的构成
雅思(IELTS)考试是“国际英语语言测试系统”(International English Language Test System的缩写。雅思考试是一种语言能力的测试，分为听力理解、阅读、写作和口语。写作是考试的第三部分，要求在六十分钟里完成两项写作任务（TASK1和TASK2）。写作考试按考生去以英语为母语国家的不同目的分为两种考察类型：普通培训类(General Training Module, 简称G类)和学术类(Academic Module, 简称A类)。前者主要面向申请移民，或到本国外培训、工作的考生；后者面向针对申请到国外攻读本科或研究生课程的考生。
G类和A类的主要区别在TASK1。普通培训类的TASK1是写信，要求考生就某个假设的场景写一封150个单词左右的信，目的是考察考生在英语环境中能否准确恰当地运用英语处理日常生活所遇到的问题。信件内容涉及解释情况、索要资料、询问信息、求职、投诉批评以及表达自己的意愿和看法。信件要求清晰、简洁、措辞恰当并涵盖所有相关方面。学术类的TASK1是图表作文，目的是考察考生理解、对比、归纳和表述图表信息的能力，字数同样是150个单词左右。考生只需描述图表信息，不必对此进行解释。两类考试的TASK1均应控制在20分钟以内。
G类和A类的TASK2都是写一篇250个单词左右的议论文，要求考生就某一话题发表个人观点，支持或反对某个观点，或对某个问题分析原因和提出解决办法等。相比较而言，G类部分的TASK2要容易一些。两者的写作时间均应控制在40分钟左右。
雅思写作考试的评分标准
Task 1 (G) = Task 1 (A) ? ? ?
Task 2 (G) = Task 2 (A) ? ? ?
Communicative Quality （CQ）
表达质量：作文是否表达流畅、清晰易懂、观点明确、论证充分。 Arguments, Idea and Evidence （AIE） 论证、论点、论据
Vocabulary and Sentence Structure (VSS) 词汇与句子结构
A类和G类的Task1和Task2的评分首先是各标准按9分制分别评分，三项标准的分数相加除以三，就是考生该项的最后成绩，没有0.5分数档。Task 1和Task2的权重不等，最后成绩要综合考虑两项成绩。
以下是9~5分的评分标准：
Task Fulfillment (TF)
任务完成：考生是否按要求回答了问题。 Coherence and Cohesion （CC） 条理性：作文是否清晰、连贯。
Vocabulary and Sentence Structure （VSS）
词汇和句子结构：作文选词是否恰当，句子结构是否多样。
Band 9 (Expert Use) 精通英语
For Band 9, the answer is completely satisfactory. A point of view is presented and well developed, either arguing for and supporting one position or taking into consideration alternative positions by involving and discussing relevant ideas and evidence. The argument develops logically with a clear progressive presentation of ideas. The material is adequate, the use of vocabulary is appropriate, and the use of sentence structure is accurate, appropriate, and varied. No errors occur in word formation or spelling.
Band 8 (Very Good User) 英语能力优秀
For Band 8, the answer is second only to Band 9 in communicative quality, argument, ideas, and evidence. Vocabulary is good and appropriately used. No serious errors occur in word formation or spelling. Sentence structures are good and well controlled for accuracy and appropriateness.
Band 7 (Good User)
For Band 7, the answer is a satisfactory essay with generally fluent communication. It presents a point of view, which may be unclear sometimes, and approaches it either from a single position or from alternative positions. The argument is well developed although there may be some minor problems. Ideas and evidence are relevant and sufficient; however, more specific details may be needed. Vocabulary is fairly good and is usually appropriately used with the exception of a few spelling errors. Errors in word formation rarely occur. The range of sentence structure is satisfactory even though there are occasional, minor faults in the control of sentence structure.
Band 6 (Competent User) 可以交流
For Band 6, the answer proves quite satisfactory and communicates with some fluency. A point of view is presented which may have been approached from a single position or from alternative positions. With the control of organizational control and devices, the development of the argument is not always clear, and the main idea is hard to be distinguished from the supporting materials. The relevance of some ideas or evidence may be dubious, and the development of the argument may need some specific support. Vocabulary is still limited and shows inappropriateness of its use. There are some minor errors in word choice, word formation and spelling. Sentence structures are adequate but lack variety.
Band 5 (Modest User) 中等水平
For Band 5, the answer with an overall lack of fluency is, on the whole, coherent. It introduces some ideas which may not be well developed. Arguments call for clarity, relevance, consistency or support. Vocabulary is limited, and its use may be inappropriate. There is a limited range of sentence structures, and accuracy is achieved in short, simple sentences. However, errors in word choice, word formation, spelling, and grammar are evident.
Key Words: Language, Organization, Content
雅思写作考试的注意事项 ? ? ?
Word Limit Plagiarism Format
? ? ?
Style Handwriting Grammar
第一讲 词 汇
1.1 雅思写作对词汇的要求
Band 9: A wide range of vocabulary is used appropriately. Band 8: A good range of appropriate vocabulary.
Band 7: The range of vocabulary is fairly good and vocabulary is usually used appropriately.
Band 6: The range of vocabulary sometimes appears limited accompanied by the inappropriateness of its use. Band 5: The range of vocabulary and appropriateness of its use are limited. Lexical confusion and incorrect
word choice are noticeable.
1.2 雅思写作词汇运用方法
A．词汇的正式程度
英语中的词汇按照其使用的正式程度可分为三个层次： ? ? ? 例如：
(1) ask---question---interrogate (2) fear---terror---trepidation
在大学阶段的各类英语写作中，应采用中等或半正式词汇，因为这些词比较合理和平稳，写作风格清晰有效，并且对具有高等教育背景的听众来说措辞也较合适。
B．同义、近义词汇
在写作中，应避免重复使用同一个词，要善于使用同义词来替代。例如
I am sorry I cannot send you the money on time. I have not received my money at work yet but, as soon as I received the money I will send you the money I owe you.
I am sorry I cannot send you the money on time. I have not received my salary at work yet but, as soon as I am paid I will send you the sum that I owe you.
避免重复使用同一个词的方法有以下两种： (1) 词性转换 例如：
Watching TV may influence children’s physical and mental development.
Watching TV may have influence upon children’s physical and mental development. Watching TV may be influential in children’s physical and mental development
(2) 同义、近义互换
Highly informal: 非常随意（电子邮件、写给朋友的信等） Medium and semi-formal: 中等或半正式（学术写作） Highly formal: 非常正式（各种仪式的书面发言）
例如：
think = believe = advocate = claim = insist = hold = deem = argue = be convinced the old = the elderly = the retired = senior citizen
negative = unfavorable = undesirable = harmful = detrimental = bad = adverse
1.3 用学术词汇来替代下列句子中的斜体词
(1) It is important to use complex sentences to get a better score in the Writing modules of IELTS. (2) More and more numbers of women are going out to work.
(3) What they emphasize is that formal examinations are harmful to students’ creativity.
(4) Membership at AF’s Sports Club rose during the first three months of last year from 60 to about 130. (5) This book is so good it’s better than all the others.
(6) During the course of a televised World Cup football match demand for electricity fluctuates widely. (7) I made a mistake and bought the wrong size shoes.
(8) I will appreciate it very much if you can give me an early reply soon. (9) Nothing has changed the world as greatly as the Internet.
(10) If you are going to emigrate to a foreign country, you must be used to new manners and customers. (11) I believe that, to a certain extent, examinations can give an unfair measurement of a student’s ability. (12) The supermarket can provide a lot of foods to choose from. (13) Once again, I am sorry for any trouble caused.
(14) People argue over and over again that violence on television is harmful.
(15) I am writing to ask about the possibility of studying for the degree of MA in English Literature at your
university from next September. (16) Dr. Smith will be free on Sunday.
(17) This dictionary is very useful in helping you understand the local language. (18) In his spare time, he likes reading, but doesn’t like going shopping. (19) His explanation is not enough to support his late for class. (20) This shop has the only right for the sale of the goods.
Assignments: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 1. 2. 3.
Overseas students have an easier access to the first-rate facilities. You can’t be a man who will never accomplish everything.
We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English.
entrance/approach
complete/fulfill obtain
Overseas students have an easier access to the first-rate facilities. You can’t be a man who will never accomplish everything. It is essential to combine theory with practice.
We must work hard to acquire a good knowledge of English. To set up a space station costs a huge sum of taxpayers’ money. Parents always expect their children to be the best. Your responsibility is attending to the old. Paying computer games is time-consuming.
How to solve the heavy traffic problem is a tough issue for our government.
10) Riding a bike is energy saving. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
It is essential to combine theory with practice. necessary/fundamental
a large amount of
thorny
anticipate/hope
taking care of/looking after time-wasting energy efficient
To set up a space station costs a huge sum of taxpayers’ money. Parents always expect their children to be the best. Your responsibility is attending to the old. Paying computer games is time-consuming.
How to solve the heavy traffic problem is a tough issue for our government.
10. Riding a bike is energy saving. 1.4 阅读下列作文，注意带有下划线的单词和短语。如果你是作者，你会使用怎样的单词和短语？
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of traveling and studying abroad.
Over recent years, the number of people studying and traveling abroad has increased considerably. As is the case with many issues, this has both positive and negative aspects.
At first sight, education and travel in foreign countries appear to be entirely beneficial and advantageous. For example, studying other languages abroad expands and improves our abilities and job prospects. In addition, by studying or simply by traveling abroad, we can discover many differences in terms of culture, ways of thinking, history, customs and lifestyle; the awareness of these differences makes us more tolerant and open-minded. What’s more, we gain a broader experience of life in general.
On the other hand, it may indeed be true to say that traveling and studying abroad could influence us in a negative way. The experience could be so powerful, and alter the traveler’s way of thinking so greatly, that they lose their cultural identity. If he or she integrates into the new society, they will almost certainly meet difficulties when they try to readjust later to their own culture. Another potential problem is that the traveler or student may become a victim of discrimination, and lose their confidence as a result. Since their behavior and customs may be very different from those of the inhabitants of the most culture, they may encounter negative reactions --- unfriendliness, or even hostility, for example.
When all is said and done, there are many choices and it is for students and travelers to weigh up both sides of the issue and come to their own conclusions.
Assignments:
Discuss both the pros and cons of the application of computers in teaching.
Computers are now essential in many areas of life, such as modern banking, retail and information exchange among others. And there is no exception in education. However, computers are not always dominant in teaching. At a simple level some subjects may be better taught using computers, but to explain important concepts a human teacher is still indispensable.
There are some subjects in which a computer can be used successfully to teach. Elementary mathematics, elementary language learning, any area which requires a student to memorize basic facts through repetition is