第四节 历史典故和寓言故事在英语语言文化中的体现
一、希腊罗马神话典故在英语语言文化中的体现 Trojan horse 特洛伊木马，比喻暗藏的敌人或危险 between Scylla and Charybdis 进退维谷，左右为难 a Greek gift 危险的礼物、糖衣炮弹 an apple of discord 斗争之源,不和之因,祸根 the heel of Achilles 阿基里斯的脚后跟 the Trojan horse 特洛伊人的木马 Odyssey 奥德赛（漫长而艰难的经历）
He is always buying you expensive clothes，I’m afraid they are Greek gifts for you. It’s Greek to me．
A Gordian knot （Gordius公元前四世纪小亚细亚地区的一个国王 ） 戈耳迪之结（难解的结,难题 ）
Jean is afraid of everything. How can she cut the Gordian knot in her work? swan song
All the tickets have been sold for the singer’s performance in London this week--the public clearly believes that this will be her swan song. The Tempest was W. Shakespeare’s swan song in 1612. under the rose: in secret; privately
The senator told me under the rose that there is to be a chance in the cabinet.
二、源于历史发展的典故在英语语言文化中的体现
（一）、罗马人征服(Roman Britain)对英语语言文化的影响（55BC-410AD）
Do in Rome as the Romans do.
All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马、殊途同归 Great Caesar! 天哪！
burn one’s boat 破釜沉舟、背水一战 I came, I saw, I conquered. 亲临，目睹，全胜 carry coals to Newcastle 把煤送到纽卡斯尔
（二）、条顿人征服（Teutonic Conquest）对英语语言文化的影响（445-871）
cut someone to the quick 大伤某人的感情 go through fire and water 赴汤蹈火
（三）、诺曼底人征服（the Norman Conquest）对英语语言文化的影响（1066-1381）
take French leave 不辞而别、溜之大吉 take heart 鼓起勇气
return to one’s muttons 言归正传
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁得最好。
（四）、北美殖民地的独立对英语语言的影响 OK
三、源自《圣经》的典故与英语语言文化 bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh
常用来比喻血缘上的亲属关系或思想上的团结一致
The trade union was bone of the bone and flesh of the flesh of the workers. 该工会与工人是血肉相连的。 Adam’s apple the apple of one’s eye
the salt of the earth 社会中坚；民族精华；优秀份子 An honest, hard-working man is the salt of the earth. 诚实而勤劳的人才是社会的中坚分子。
She read them Shakespeare，but it was casting pearls before swine . Noah‘s ark 诺亚方舟（避难所）
四、源自《伊索寓言》（the Fables of Aesop） cry wolf , a wolf in sheep’s clothing sour grapes 吃不到葡萄反说葡萄酸
kill the goose that lays the golden eggs 杀鸡取卵 blow hot and cold 优柔寡断、动摇不定 lion’s share 最大的份额
to meet Waterloo 倒霉，受毁灭性打击，灭顶之灾 Quixote 唐吉可德（充满了幻想的理想主义者） Gatsby 盖茨比（个人奋斗由穷变富的暴发户）
Many took to gambling and borrowing from Shylocks to pay their
debts.
许多人沉湎于赌博，他们债台高筑，不得不向高利贷者借钱还债。 Smith often Uncle Tommed his boss. 史密斯常对老板阿谀奉承。
汉语成语典故的翻译
1.从古以来，只有“杞人忧天”，就是那个河南人怕天塌下来。（《毛泽东选集》）
From time immemorial no one but \Chi worried lest the sky fall\happen.
2.嘴里天天说“唤起民众”，民众起来了又害怕的要死，这和叶公好龙有什么两样。 （《毛泽东选集》）
To talk about \then to be scared to death when the masses do rise---what difference is there between this and Lord Ye's love of dragon?
3. ......嘴上还咯咯地笑着说：“这叫画饼充饥。”（梁斌《红旗谱》） Now he chuckled and commented: \called 'Drawing cake to satisfy your hunger'\
第四章 地域文化与翻译
第一节 方位及其相应物的翻译
从南到北from north to south北屋a room with a southern exposure南北朝the Nothern and Southern Dynasties南北对话North-south dialogue
第二节 “东风”、“西风”翻译的争论
第三节 动物的文化意义
一、中国龙文化与西方的dragonWe were real frightened of the math teacher, She was a real dragon.我们的确害怕数学老师，她真是一个凶狠的脾气很坏的老太婆。 “龙”的英译
1.直译+注释龙飞凤舞like dragons flying and phoenixes dancing--lively and vigorous flourishes in calligraphy龙潭虎穴a dragon's pool and a tiger's den--a dangerous spot
2.意译或转换喻体望子成龙to hopre that one's son will become somebody老态龙钟senile; doddering 二、凤凰与 phoenix
“凤凰”与phoenix的不同文化含义：凤凰是中国古代传说中的鸟王，是高贵的象征；在西方文化中，phoenix是“长生不死”的象征。三、龟与turtle