The Relative Clause定语从句 The first period 关系代词
I. Concept of the attributive clause.
用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词（有时也可说明整个主句或主句中一部分）而起定语作用的句子叫作定语从句。
例如：James is the student (who is the tallest in class).
The classroom (that/which is next to the teachers’ office) is ours.
II. The Place Of the Relative Clause(定语从句的位置): This is the apartment that they built last year.
The man who is standing by the gate is our physics teacher. II. The place of the relative clause. 1. 通常放在先行词后. 2.先行词与定语从句隔离
定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后，但定语从句与先行词之间有时也会插入别的成分，构成先行词与定语从句的隔离。例如：
1) This is the article written by him that I spoke to you about. 2) He was the only person in this country who was invited.
II. The Function of Relative Pron.&Adv.（关系代词的功能） １）什么叫关系代词？
引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词,被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词。关系代词就是代替先行词的词，这里指同一事物或人。关系代词在从句中充当主语，宾语，定语等语法成分。
James is the student. The student is the tallest in our class. 主语
James is the student who is the tallest in our class. The classroom is ours. The classroom is next to the teachers’ office. 主语
The classroom that /which is next to the teachers’ office is ours. 如何确定关系代词？
１．看先行词．２．看它在从句中的成分．
A. 先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语，关系代词用who/whom/that，作主语不可省，作宾语可以省略 ① He is the man.
The man lives next door to us.
He is the man who lives next door to us. ② Where is the man? I saw him yesterday.
Where is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday? exercises
1. A pilot is a person. He can fly an aeroplane.
A pilot is a person who can fly an aeroplane. 主语
2. He was the only foreigner. I saw him at the party.
He was the only foreigner (who/whom/that) I saw at the party.
宾语
周杰伦是我最喜爱的歌星。
Jay is the pop star (who/whom/that/--)I like best. 在面试中最自信的人不一定会通过。
Those who are the most confident in the interview do not always win. Those who have applied for the job ______ in the office. A.are interviewing B. will interview C. are being interviewed D. to be interviewed
B. 先行词是物,关系代词用that/which,作主语不能省，作宾语可省略. ① This is the book. I bought it this morning.
This is the book (which/that/ 不填) I bought yesterday.宾语 ②The book is his. It lies on the desk
The book that/which lies on the desk is his.主语 Exercise:
飞机是一种能够飞行的机器。
An aeroplane is a machine which can fly. 你记不记得老师问我们的问题？
Do you remember the question （that/which/—）our teacher asked us? 哪部电脑是你想买的？
Which is the computer (that) you want to buy？ 罗马是一个吸引世人的城市。
Rome is the city that/which fascinates/ attracts the world.(关系代词作主语是注意主谓一致)
C. 先行词是人或物，关系代词在从句中作定语修饰名词时，用whose＝of whom, of which Please pass me the book. Its cover is white. Please pass me the book whose cover is white. He is the boy. His book has been lost. He is the boy whose book has been lost. III. Relative pron.
代替人 代替物 代替人或物 主语 who which that 宾语 whom which that 定语 whose(=of whom) whose(=of which) IV. Notes for the relative pron.(关系代词注意事项） １．先行词是物时，关系代词只能用that 的情况
当先行词为anything, nothing, the one, all, which, few, any, much, any, little 时 All that you have to do is to press the button. There is little that I can do for you. All that can be done has been done. 先行词由the only, the very 修饰时
That is the only step that we can take at the moment. This is the very dictionary that I want to buy. 先行词有序数词，最高级修饰时，含 the first, the last The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. This/It is the second time that I have read this book. This is the tallest building that I have ever seen. 先行词既有人又有物时
They talked for about half an hour at things and persons that they remembered in the school.
在以疑问词who/which 开始的句子中，避免两个who/which重复， 用that Who is the man that is shouting there? Which is the computer that you want to buy? 关系代词在从句中作表语时，只用that
China isn’t the country that it was 10 years ago. The city is no longer the place that it used to be. ２．以下情况，先行词是人，关系代词只能用who,不能用that
先行词为one，ones, 或anyone ,且具体指代人时，不宜用 that, 改用who Anyone who fails to finish his homework should be criticized. We should find out the one who did the good deeds for others. 先行词为those
Those who are for the proposal please raise your hands. 赞成，支持 There be 开头的句子，指代人用who There is a man who wants to see you. 改错
1.Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come. Some of the boys I invited didn’t come. 2.The book that you need it is in the library. The book that you need is in the library.
3.Anyone who break the law should be punished. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 4.Those who has finished may go home. Those who have finished may go home.
5.He is one of the teachers who knows French in our school. He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.
He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school. 6.This is one of the rooms that is free. This is one of the rooms that are free.
This is the only one of the rooms that is free. 7.Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. Children who eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth. 8.The key opens the bike is missing.
The key which/that opens the bike is missing.
The player (whom/that) I beat in the table tennis game.
The second period 介词＋关系代词 prep.+ which/whom
1.She showed me the book. She paid 5 dollars for the book. She showed me the book which/that she paid 5 dollars for. She showed me the book for which she paid 5 dollars. 2.The child is at the school gate. You talked about him.
The child (whom/who/that) you talked about is at the school gate. The child about whom you talked is at the school gate. 3.This is the pen. I write the letter with it.
This is the pen (which/that) I write the letter with. This is the pen with which I write the letter. 4.This is the man . I’m looking for him.
This is the man (whom/who/that) I’m looking for. This is the man for whom I’m looking.
5.This was the place (which/that) I used to live in. 6. The library form which I often borrow books is not far from here.
7. Is this the bus on whcih you left your umbrella?
8. October 1,1949 was the day on whcih the People’s Republic of China was founded. 9. Children are looking forward to the holidays in which they can play together. 10. I don’t like the way in which he speaks. Correct the mistakes:
1. The supermarket in that my father is working is near my home. The supermarket in which my father is working is near my home 2. The tall boy to who I was talking just now is my former schoolmate. The tall boy to whom I was talking just now is my former schoolmate. 3. Do you know the reason about which she left ? Do you know the reason for which she left ? 4. The day in which she arrived was Wednesday. The day on which she arrived was Wednesday.
5. The tall boy whom I was talking just now is my former schoolmate. The tall boy (whom) I was talking to just now is my former schoolmate. The tall boy to whom I was talking just now is my former schoolmate. 6. This is the boy of whom she has taken care.
This is the boy (whom /who /that) she has taken care of. 7. Is this movie about which people are talking ?
Is this movie the one about which people are talking? Is this the movie about which people are talking ? Notes:
1. If prep.is put ahead, that/who can not be used; Also that/who can not be omitted. Only use prep.+which/whom.
2. If prep. is not put ahead, no rules above.
3. The proper prep. is chosen according to :a ) collocation ; b) meaning
4. Some fixed phrases such as “listen to, depend on, pay attention to…”can’t be separated. The prep. Can’t be put ahead.
The third period The relative adv. 关系副词
1. The library on which I often borrow books is not far from here. The library where I often borrow books is not far from here. 2. Is this the bus on which you left your umbrella? Is this the bus where you left your umbrella? 3. October 1,1949 was the day the People’s Republic of China was founded .
October 1,1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded . 4. Children are looking forward to the holidays in which they can play together. Children are looking forward to the holidays when they can play together. 5. Who knows the reason for which the girl is crying? Who knows the reason why the girl is crying ? 6. The reason for which/why the flowers are dead is too much water. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或原因的名词，在从句中作状语。 I shall never forget the day when we first met. Beijing is the place where I was born.
Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
关系副词when, where, why 的含义相当于“介词+ which/whom”结构. when = on (in, at, during…) + which where = in (at, on…) + which why = for which
I shall never forget the day when (on which) we first met. Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? Practice these exercises.
1.Do you remember the day______________ Beijing was liberated?
2. I still remember the day_______________ I saw Dr Bethune for the first time. 3. Can you tell me the time _______________ we’ll go to the meeting? 4. I remember clearly the evening _______________ I lost the necklace. 5. Do you know the park _______________ they had a long talk?
6. This is the manager of the shop ________________ she bought the necklace. 7. One morning an elephant was led down the road_________________ they stood. 8. Last autumn my sister went to the place ______________ she was born. 9. I know the reason ________________ you told lies yesterday. Correct the mistakes:
1. I’ll never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
I’ll never forget the days (that/which) I spent in the countryside. 2. This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
This is the mountain village (that/which) I visited last year.