练习 1
I、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中有些冠词的特殊位置：
1. In this case the current（电流）exists for only half the cycle（周期）.
2. In such a case there is no current flowing in the circuit（电路）.
3. Sensitivity（灵敏度）is a measure of how small a signal（信号）a receiver（接收机）can pick up and amplify（放大）to a level useful for communications. 4. ε may be as small a positive constant as you please. 5. Even so fundamental a dimension（量纲）as time was measured extremely crudely with sand and water clocks hundreds of years ago.
6. Nonlinear distortion（非线性失真）can be caused by too large an input signal.
7. The method used is quite an effective one.
8. A series（级数）solution of this kind of problem allows as close a calculation of the error as needed.
II、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中“and”和“or”的确切含义：
1. Air has weight and occupies space.
2. In this way less collector dissipation（集电极功耗）results, and the efficiency increases. 3. We can go one step farther and take into account the nonzero slope of the actual curves. 4. Try hard, and you will work the nut（螺母）loose.
5. The first step in analyzing a physical situation is to select those aspects of it which are essential and disregard the others.
6. This satellite was used for communications between the United States and Great Britain, France and Italy.
7. Some physical quantities require only a magnitude and a unit to be completely specified. Thus it is sufficient to say that the mass of a man is 85 kg, that the area of a farm is 160 acres, that the frequency of a sound wave is 660 cycles/sec, and that a light bulb consumes electric energy at the rate of 100 watts.
8. Geothermal energy, or energy from within the earth, can be used to generate electricity. 9.The current in a capacitor（电容器）leads（导前）the voltage by 90o, or, the voltage lags the current by 90.
10. The message is a logical unit of user data, control data, or both. III、将下列句子译成汉语，注意句中分数和倍数的正确译法：
1. By varying VBE only a few hundredths of a volt, the base current（基极电流）can be changed significantly.
2. The standard meter is accurate to about two parts in one billion.
3. Cromatographic（层析的）techniques have been developed to detect air pollutants at concentrations（浓度）of one part per million or less.
4. The volume coefficient（体膨胀系数）of a solid is almost exactly three times its linear coefficient.
5. The demand for this kind of equipment in the near future will be 20 times what it is.
6. The wavelength of this musical note（音符）is 7.8 ft, over three times longer than the wavelength of the same note in air (2.5 ft).
7. This causes the collector current（集电极电流）to change by a factor of approximately β.
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8. This factor（因子）is now equal to 9, a reduction by a factor of 11.
IV、将下列句子译成英语： 1、火箭是由金属制成的。
2、电池是能提供（give）恒定电压（constant voltage）的一种器件（device）。 3、这是一台多好的计算机啊！
4、在计算机中，趋势（tendency）是以尽可能高的时钟速率（clock rate）运作（operate）。 5、必须使物体运动，要不然就没有做功（work）。 6、这条铁路比那条长五倍。
7、普通的窗户经受（withstand）不了如此（so）大的力。
8、这个值（value）是原来的1/3。
9、这是一个太复杂的问题以至于我们在此不加讨论（go into）。 10、解这个题要花费计算机半个小时（的时间）。 V、改正下列句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语： 1. A 80-lb force must be used here.
2. This is a too large a signal.
3. Digital transmission（数字式传输）does not need to have as a high S/N ratio（信噪比）as analog（模拟）transmission.
4. To understand physics, good knowledge of mathematics is necessary.
5. This is a so sensitive instrument that it can measure slight change in pressure.
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I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明句中划有横线的介词短语的语法功能：
1. One of the most valuable ways of representing functions is by graphical representation（图示法）.
2. A number of conditions are classified as “occupational diseases（职业病）.”
3. Engineers may find the book of great value.
4. If you let your pencil drop to the floor, you can see gravity in action. 5. In this case the failure point（失效点）corresponds to a factor of safety of 1. 6. The topic of trouble-shooting（故障检修）will be discussed in Chapter 9.
练习 2
7. Typical noise margins（噪声裕度）are usually better than the guaranteed value by about 75 mV.
8. Upon the application of an external force, we can cause the body to move. 9. We measure resistance（电阻）in ohms.
10. Direct current（直流电）flows only in one direction.
11. We can use this device to measure a slight change in pressure. 12. The history of two-way radfio communications in some ways parallels the development of commercial radio broadcasting.
II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明划有横线的动词的类别： 1. When an electric current flows through a wire, the wire will get hot. 2. That statement（陈述）sounds natural. 3. The water in the middle pipe will stand lower and thus indicates a lower pressure.
4. It takes a body（物体）precisely as long to fall from a height h as it does to rise that high. 5. We cannot exaggerate the danger of attempting a short circuit directly across a voltage source.
III、将下列句子译成汉语，并注意划有横线的副词或副词短语的语法功能： 1. At this time the pulse（脉冲）is over.
2. The two equations below are of great importance.
3. In general, we can say, for any body anywhere, weight = mass×acceleration（加速度）due to gravity（重力）.
4. The temperatures on Jupiter（木星）and the planets beyond are extremely low. 5. The problem now is to determine the resultant（合力）of these forces.
6. With great telescopes astronomers can see stars and other things very far away.
7. The force between two charges（电荷）of 1 coul（库仑）each a distance of 1 m apart is 9×10 N（牛顿）.
8. It all begin with the development 30 years ago of the transistor（晶体管）. IV、将下列句子译成英语：
1、我们非常容易地获得了这个结果。（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示）
2、常用的仪器有许多。（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示） 3、人们用牛顿（newton）为单位来度量各种力。（要求对划线部分用介词短语来表示） 4、重力（gravity）这一概念将在下一节介绍。
5、在这新的三章中，第一章介绍核能（nuclear energy）。 6、这两个值相差5。
7、这种新设备与那些旧设备相比有许多优点。
8、我们需要解这些方程把那些未知数（unknown）求出来。
9、在日常生活中，力似乎是仅仅靠“直接接触”来传递（transmit）的。 10、这个结果看起来是正确的。 11、这一点无论怎样强调也不过分。 12、它们相隔的距离是很小的。
V、改正以下句中的错误，并将句子译成汉语：
1. Current is measured with amperes.
2. In this case the wheel will rotate for 360o.
3. Compared with that algorithm, the algorithm presented in this paper（论文）has two advantages.
4. These are the sufficient and necessary conditions to the equation above. 5. These parameters must maintain constant during transformation（变换）.
6. There seems to be three forces acting on the body.
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练习 3
I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的形容词或形容词短语的语法功能： 1. The energy contained in the pulse（脉冲）is this efficiency times the maximum attainable. 2. This measure is the key for the extremely low dc power（直流功率）achievable. 3. Everything electronic will be done digitally. 4. A rope transmits tension（张力）from one point to another unchanged. 5. Even if a student can follow every line of example in this book, that doesn?t mean that he or she can solve problems unaided.
6. Their electrical and magnetic properties, often paramount, are discussed in Chapters 14 and 15.
7. These forces act on the electrons able to move freely within the wire. 8. A method of timing（定时）accurate to millionths of a second is necessary. 9. The human body is made up of countless structures both large and small. 10. The acceleration（加速度）due to gravity（重力）is essentially constant.
11. Diffraction（绕射）and interference（干涉）are phenomena characteristic of waves. 12. A surface so smooth that any irregularities（不平度）in it are small relative to the wavelength of the light falling upon it behaves differently. 13. There are many problems, both technological and financial, that remain to be solved. 14. Gravitation（万有引力）is in every object, large or small. 15. Yet there are connections, neither series（串联的）nor parallel, for which the above-mentioned phenomenon occurs. 16. Subject to certain generalizations（通则）which will be described later on, Coulom?s law in the form given above is restricted to point charges（点电荷）.
17. Due to the nature of the definition of the radian（弧度）, it is even common to express radians in terms of π.
18. Analogous to the eyelid, the camera shutter（快门）opens for a predetermined length of time to allow the rays to enter through the lens and expose the film.
19. Both m and n are therefore even（偶数的）, contrary to our choice of m and n. 20. The force acts perpendicular to the surface of the earth.
II、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用形容词（短语）来表示：
1、这个信息量（quantity of information）近似地正比于可用的频率范围（range）。
2、现有的化学教科书均提到了这一现象。
3、在一个正常的（normal）原子中，质子（proton）数等于存在的电子数。 4、在这篇论文（paper）中没有什么特别的内容。
5、在这种情况下，信号波形（signal waveform）能无失真地被传输（transmit）。 6、太阳的光线（ray）几乎是平行地到达地球的。 7、这是一个大于1的正数。
8、这样的数列（sequence）必定有一个极限（limit），或是有限的（finite），或是无限的（infinite）。 9、这方法能用来处理（handle）太复杂了以至于无法用目测法（by inspection）来解的问题。
10、一切系统，不论是生物的（living）还是机械的，都是信息和反馈控制系统。 11、由于结构简单、价格低廉，这种机器深受用户青睐。
12、与普通的观念（common belief）相反，戈登（Gordon）博士并不是第一个使用该金属的人。
13、该球在平行于桌面运动。
14、这电路（circuit）工作起来类似于一个计数器（counter）。 15、这是一根长为5米的直线（straight line）。
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练习
4
I、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的物主代词与被修饰词之间的逻辑关系： 1. Each structure of the body（人体）is in direct communication with the brain by means of its own set of telephone wires, called nerves.
2. When food enters the stomach, its presence stimulates nerves, sending signals to centers in the brain.
3. Light is needed by the green plants to make them green and they cannot survive for long in its absence.
4. This dip（倾斜）is referred to as the “Lamp dip,” after W. E. Lamp, who predicted its occurrence on theoretical grounds.
5. Physics is the most quantitative of the sciences, and we must become accustomed to its insistence upon accurate measurements and precise relationships if we are to appreciate its results. 6. Thus far our discussion of the principles of mechanics has been concerned primarily with particles.
7. Our analysis of the various gate families（门电路系列）will be made in the next chapter. 8. From its definition as change in velocity divided by elapsed time, radial acceleration（径向加速度）is expressed in m/sec or cm/sec.
9. Since transformers are large, heavy, and expensive, their elimination from the circuit（电路）results in considerable savings.
10. Each of these types of mechanical drives（传动装置）has specific features that often dictates its selection in a particular situation.
II、将下列句子译成汉语，并说明带有划线的代词代替了什么东西：
1. By the “most efficient” algorithm one normally means the fastest. 2. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current affairs. 3. The term “strain”（应变）is a geometrical one. 4. The angle θ between T1 and the horizontal（水平线）is the same as that between either half
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of the rope and the horizontal. 5. The design of the R1–R2 bias（偏压）network for the emitter follower（射极跟随器）parallels that for the common-emitter amplifier（共发射极放大器）.
6. Where there is too much of it, the poisonous waste may do great harm to the things around us.
7. Although they follow the same basic pattern described above, television receivers will be dealt with separately.
8. Although it is probably not the whole story, one effect of the hydrogen gas is to increase the resistancece（电阻）between the electrode（电极）and the solution（溶液）, increasing the inernal resistance of the cell（电池）.
III、将下列句子译成英语，要求对划线部分用名词短语来表示： 1、这些新设备与旧的相比的优点之一是它们的体积小。
2、由于其极为重要，这个电路（circuit）将在后面详细讨论。
3、这些球会很快停下来是由于它们与地面（ground）相互作用（interaction）的缘故。 4、我们对这个内容（topic）的讨论将在下一章进行。