高一上定语从句第一课时学案（张绍春）
一．定语从句概述。
1. 先行词： 2. 关系代词：
3. 定语从句的位置： 4. 定语从句的含义和作用：
二．关系代词在句中作主语。
Step one 文中句子重现。
1. It was felt in Beijing, which is more than two hundred kilometers away.
2. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.
3. A huge crack that was eight kilometers longs and thirty metres wide cut across houses,
roads and canals.
4. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 5. Later that afternoon, another big quake which was almost as strong as the first one shook Tangshan.
6. The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.. 7. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. Step two 归纳总结一：从以上例句的形式我们可以看出，例1，2是 定语从句；例3—7是 定语从句。which/who/that/whose home在从句中作 。定语从句中谓语单复数由 决定。
归纳总结二：认真分析文中出现的定语从句，归纳关系代词的作用 修饰功能 修饰人 修饰物 修饰人或物 在从句中的作用 主语 定语
三．模仿例句3-7翻译下列句子。
a) 我昨天买的那本书丢失了。 b) 喜欢游泳的那个男孩是我的朋友。 c) 我们住在门开着的那个房间。
四．定语从句实践：play a game. Get into groups and make up sentences according to the
example. Taking turns to complete the sentences with that, which, who or whose.
EXAPLE: the boy bought a bicycle.
S1: the boy bought a bicycle that/which was stolen from his neighbour. S2: the boy who/that is wearing a red jacket bought a bicycle. S3: the boy whose glasses were broken bought a bicycle.
Repeat the game using the sentences:
1. The boy likes the story book 2. The man bought the house.
3. The survivors were dug out by the soldiers. 4. The nation was shocked at the news.
备注：
一． Who/whom/that, which/that, whose+n 在从句中做宾语。
1. The boy whom/who/that we just saw in the library is the monitor of Class Three. 2. Mary didn’t find the book which/that she lost yesterday. 3. The old man who/whom/that I often take care of is 65 years old. 4. He is the man whose umbrella I borrowed yesterday. 5. The tree whose leaves I picked is very tall. 归纳总结: Who/whom/that, which/that在从句中做宾语也可以省略。还原到从句中。
二． 只能使用that的情况。
1. Newton was one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. 2. He is the first man that comes to the party. 3. She couldn’t understand anything (that) they had told her. 4. We are impressed by the teachers and schools that we visited there. 高一上定语从句第一课时练习 I. 用适当的关系代词填空
1. He prefers the vegetables _____ are from his parents’ farm. 2. You’d better not drink water _____ has not been boiled. 3. You have done all _____ your parents wanted you to do.
4. Please let me know whether there is anything _____ I can do for you.
5. At the party, the old school friends talked of the things and persons _____ they could remember in the school.
6. The last film _____ I saw in 1999 was My Father and My Mother. 7. He is the very person _____ we’ve been looking for. 8. I won't make friends with those _____ often tell lies.
9. The unsmiling woman _____ I met at the dinner party was one of my wife’s friends. 10. The most interesting book ____ I've ever read is the History of the Time. II. 用定语从句合并以下各句
1. Wheat is a plant. It is planted in the north of China.
2. You went to see a movie with a girl last night. Who is the girl? 3. You lost a dictionary in the school library last week. Have you found it? 4. I saw the short old man in the meeting room this morning. Now where is he? 5. The great man once lived in that house. Can you show me around the house? 6. A lady came to our shop to buy a woolen dress. Are you the lady? 7. You often talk of your professor. Is that old man the professor?
8. I will always remember the days. I spent those days in that beautiful city with my husband. 9. That is the college. I visited that college two months ago.
10. San Francisco is a famous city. Great earthquake often shook that city. III. 单句改错 (每句一错)
1. Is this the horse that you spent five hours drawing it yesterday?
_____ 2. Those who has finished the exercises may leave the classroom now.
_____
3. Children eat a lot of sweets or chocolate often have bad teeth. _____ 4. Mr Green is always working hard should get a rise.
_____ 5. John is the only one of the students that have been abroad. _____ 6.I care about nothing which is going on there.
_____
IV. 用适当的介词和关系代词填空
1. This is the house _________ I was born on a rainy evening. 2. Is the girl your friend _________ you shook hands just now?
3．The young should never forget the day _______ the Communist Party of China was founded. 4. The pen _________ I wrote the letter just now is gone.
5. There is a very big tree in the village ________ the villagers often have meetings in summer. 6. I can't find the gold ring ___________ I spent 100 dollars.
V 易错题辨析
Group A they/which/who/whom/them
①Mr Li has three daughters, none of __________ is an engineer． ②Mr Li has three daughters, but none of __________ is a dancer． ③Mr Li has three daughters; ___________ are doctors． Group B which/that/as/when/
①It is on the morning of May 1st _________ I met Liang Wei at the airport． ②It is the factory _________ Mr Wang works．
定语从句典型错误例析
1. 我给他看了我上周在杭州的照片
[误] I showed him the photos I took them in Hangzhou last week. [正] I showed him the photos I took in Hangzhou last week.
[析] 关系代词或关系副词既代替先行词，又在定语从句中充当一定的成分。例句为省略了关系代词（that/which）的定语从句，that/which 指代 the photos，在定语从句中充当 took
的宾语，故them多余，应去掉。
2. 那个正在修理汽车的人是我的叔叔。 [误] The man is mending the car is my uncle.
[正] The man who/that is mending the car is my uncle.
[析] 关系代词在定语从句中充当主语时不可省略，只有作宾语时才能省略that。本句还可以译为The man mending the car is my uncle.（-ing形式短语mending the car作the man的后置定语。）
3. 这只风筝是你父亲昨天为你扎的吗？ [误Is this] kite your father made for you yesterday?
[正] Is this kite the one (that) your father made for you yesterday?
[析] 若把this看作kite的修饰语，短语this kite为主句的主语，这时我们可以看出主句中缺少表语，即定语从句的先行词，所以应该加上代词the one。如果我们把this看作代词，作句子的主语，那么kite应该为句子的表语，则可以看出先行词kite前缺少定冠词the。故本句还可改为：Is this the kite (that/which) your father made for you yesterday? 4. 她告诉我的就这些。 [误] This is all which she told me. [正] This is all (that) she told me.
[析] 当先行词为all, none, one, any, few, little, everything, anything, nothing等或先行词前有序数词，形容词最高级修饰时，关系代词只能用that。另外，本句还可以译为This is what she told me.不过此时 what引导的是表语从句，而不是定语从句。 5. 这是我们明天要讨论的问题。
[误] This is the problem about that we’ll talk tomorrow. [正] This is the problem about which we’ll talk tomorrow.
[正] This is the problem (that/which) we’ll talk about tomorrow.
[析] “介词+关系代词}引导的定语从句，先行词指人时，关系代词用whom；指物时，关系代词用which。另外，有些固定短语如look after, listen to 等，一般也不能将介词提到关系代词之前。
6. 从这儿可以看到屋顶的那幢建筑物是镇里最大的超市。
[误] The building, which roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town. [正] The building, whose roof can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.
[析] 分析句意可知，building 和roof之间存在所属关系，故应用whose，whose在引导从句定语从句时既可指人又可指物，通常可与of which互换使用，因此本句还可以表示为：The building, the roof of which （of which the roof ）can be seen here, is the biggest supermarket in town.
7. 人没有空气就不能生存，这是很自然的。 [误] Which is very natural, man can’t live without air. [正] Man can’t live without air, which/as is very natural. [正] As is very natural, man can’t live without air.
[析] which/as都可以引导非限定性定语从句，在从句中作主语，表语，宾语。但which引导的从句只能放在主句之后，而as引导的从句位置比较灵活，可以位于句首，句中或句末。
8. 他是今天早晨迟到的学生之一。
[误] He was one of the students who was late this morning. [正] He was one of the students who were late this morning. [析] 在 “one of+复数名词”结构中，定语从句的先行词是复数名词，故谓语动词应用复数；在 “the only one of+复数名词”的结构中，定语从句的先行词是one，故谓语动词应用单数。如：She is the only one of the students in our class who has ever been to Beijing.她是我们班唯一去过北京的学生。
9. 我还记得我在北京度过的日子。
[误] I still remember the days when I spent in Beijing.
[正] I still remember the days (which/that) I spent in Beijing.
[析] 定语从句中引导词的选择关键词是看先行词在定语从句中充当什么样的成分，或者说定语从句中缺少什么成分。如果从句缺少主语，表语，宾语，则引导词通常为which, that, who, whom, as;如果缺少定语则用关系代词whose;如果缺少状语，则用关系副词when, where, why. 分析例句的成分可以知道，从句中缺少谓语动词spent的宾语，故应用关系代词which 或that来引导定语从句。若把例句变为： I still remember the days __ I enjoyed myself in Beijing.则定语从句中缺少时间状语，故此时应用关系副词 when。 10. 昨晚送你回家的那个人是谁？
[误] Who is the man who sent you home last night? [正] Who is the man that sent you home last night? [析] 当主句为含有who/which的疑问句，关系代词用that，而不用who或which。如: Which is the book that you bought yesterday?哪本书是你昨天买的？ 11. 他们谈了许多他们所知道的人和事。
[误] They talked about a lot of things and persons what/who/which they knew. [正] They talked about a lot of things and persons that they knew.
[析] 先行词既有人又有物时应该用that来引导。What不可以引导定语从句。 12. 他们昨晚看了一部影片，影片讲述的是关于美国内战的故事。 [误] They saw a film last night, that tells about the American Civil War. [正] They saw a film last night, which tells about the American Civil War. [析] that不能引导非限定性定语从句。 13. 我的家乡已不再是十年前的样子。
[误] My hometown is no longer the town which it used to be ten years ago. [正] My hometown is no longer the town (that) it used to be ten years ago.
[析] 当先行词在定语从句中充当表语时关系代词一般只能用that。另外，先行词是there be 中的主语时，关系代词也常用that，口语中这两中情况的关系代词that也可以省略。如： There is a park (that) we often visit on Sundays.
高一上定语从句第二课时学案：介词+which/whom引导的定语从句
一、关系代词在定语从句中作宾语的复习：whom、介宾 1. He is the man who/whom/that we get on well with. 2. He is the man with whom we get on well. 3. This is the house which/that I lived in. 4. This is the house in which I lived.
二、介词+which引导的定语从句
1. The subject in which I'm most interested is English. 2. We can see the method by which the computer works. 3. I still remember the time when(= at which) I first became a high school student. 4. There can be few streets in London where(=at which/in which) you can’t buy books. 5. That is the reason why（=for which）he is leaving so early.
归纳一：when, where, why= . 但反之则不一定。关系副词有 。当我们选择关系副词时，先行词一定是 。(P91 whose+n =the + n +of whom/which)
6. This is the place where I spent my childhood. 7. This is the place which we visited last summer. 8. The reason which he gave us was hard to accept. 9. The reason why he was late is that he missed the first bus.
归纳二：即使先行词相同，关系代词和关系副词的选择与先行词在主句中的位置无关，而是看关系词在 担任什么成分。换句话说，是看定语从句中差 还是 +关系代词。
三、介词+whom引导的定语从句
1. The person with whom I talked was a good friend of mine. 2. The scientist from whom I learned a lot never lost heart when he was in trouble. 四、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句：介词的选择 1. This depends on the purpose for which the task is done. 2. The speed at which the machine works is shown on the metre (仪表). 3. The steel of which the ship is made is very expensive. 4. He is telling us a story of Lei Feng, of whom everyone is proud.
归纳：在介词+关系词引导的定语从句中，介词的选择有可能和 有关，也有可能和定语从句中的动词，形容词等有关，因此，我们要根据先行词或从句的意义选择使用恰当的介词。 五、文中句子分析。P34
六、play a game. P37
.
备注：n + of which/whom 引导的定语从句
考点1 简单介词+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。 高考考例：
1. (2004全国卷) The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _______ the sailing time was 226 days.
A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which
解析：关系代词which指代the journey, 定语从句恢复为独立的句子是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days.故答案选A。
2. (2004全国卷) The English play _______ my students acted at the New Year's party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which
解析：本句主句部分应是The English play at the New Year's party was a great success.从句补全为独立的句子是:My students acted in the play. 故答案选C。
3. (2004上海卷) American women usually identify their best friend as someone _______ they can talk frequently.
A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom
解析：先行词为someone,被关系代词whom代替在从句中作talk with 的宾语，介词with 可以放在关系代词之前，identify...as...意为“把??当作??”，故答案选D。
考点2 复杂介词+关系代词
知识归纳： 用于此结构的关系代词有which, whom, whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：as a result of, at the back of, because of, by means of, for want of, in front of, in case of, on account of等。例如： ①We got to a house at the back of which was a large garden. ②Is there a certain test by means of which the No. 1 will be decided?
考点3 简单介词+关系代词+名词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which, whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。 高考考例：
(1995上海) In the office, I never seem to have time until after 5:30 p.m. _______ time many people have gone home.
A. whose B. that C. on which D. by which
解析：介词by表示时间的意思是“到那时为止”。这句话的意思是“在办公室里，我似乎直到下午5：30才有空，那时许多人都已经回家了”。故答案选D。 This is the boss in whose company his elder sister is working.
考点4 the+ 名词+of+关系代词
知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系, 口语中常用“whose + 名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“of which the +名词”。 高考考例：
(2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
解析：答案选B。本题就是一个考查the+ 名词+of+关系代词结构的一个典型例子。这里the price of which指代the price of the vase, 答案也可以是whose price。
考点5 表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词
知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom, 指事物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all, both, none, neither, either, some, any； 数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the +最高级/比较级；以及表示数目或数量的词语many, most, few, several, enough, half a, a quarter等。
高考考例：
1. (2004湖北卷) There are two buildings, ________ stands nearly a hundred feet high. A. the larger B. the larger of them C. the larger one that D. the larger of which 解析：答案为D。the larger of which指代the larger of the two buildings; B选项缺少一个连词。 2. (2004辽宁卷) The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _______ are sold abroad.
A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that
解析：答案为A。80% of which指代的是80% of the shoes。本题意为：这家工厂每年生产的50万双鞋子有80%都是销往国外的。
练习题
I.填入适当的引导词
1．Please pass me the notebook ____ cover is yellow ．
2．Li Hua was one of the girls ____ have the chance to go abroad. 3．He must be form Africa , ____ can be seen from his skin ． 4．Air ,___ we breathe every day , is around us all the time ． 5．1949 was the year ____ the New China was born ．
6．I don't know the reason ____ she looks unhappy today ． 7．This is the village _____ my father worked three years ago ．
8．I still remember the day ____ the old scientist took us to the lab for the first time ．9．The letter ______ I received yesterday is from my sister ．
10．The woman _____ you saw in the park is our geography teacher . II.合并各组句子
1．The factory is a small one .
The factory stands near the river ． 2．Have you answered the letter ?
You got that letter two weeks ago ． 3．I'll never forget the day .
On that day I joined the League . 4.We are not allowed to do so ． Tell me the reason .
5．The boy student is very young . He won the game .
6．The town has become a famous city ． He grew up in the town ．
7．I spend my childhood in Suzhou ．
I have never been there again since I left ． 8．He is leaving for Wuhan to meet his daughter ． He has not seen the girl for years ． 9．Do you know the man ?
His son is a famous scientist．
10．My uncle bought the bicycle last week ． The bicycle has been stolen . III．改错
1．The story happened in November on which the weather was very cold ． 2．Stella is one of the engineers who is fit for the task ．
3．Even at that moment he didn't come to our help , who made us disappointed ． 4．Mr Williams has two sons , both of whom looks like him ．
5．When we passed the place which the dead boy lay , each of us saluted．