平均DCO2?i,1为平均温度 30?C及平均压力1.575MPa下的数值。
从DG1、DG2数值可以看出,塔顶、塔底的扩散系数并无明显差异,若差异太大,应在塔中插入若干分点后计算其平均值,这样做势必将增大物热衡算的工作量。
①
在液相中的扩散系数DL 关于在液相中的扩散系数,有下面的经验公式
DCO2?PC?9.0123069?10?8T?L
DCO2?PC?7.78?10?8T?Lcm2/s (μL—mPa·s)
T不知哪一个计算式较可靠,现取二者进行算术平均,即DCO2?PC?8.396?10?8算,塔底温度为40?C,塔顶温度为30?C。故
DL1=8.396?10?8﹙313.15/2.173﹚=1.2061?10?5cm/s=4.3418?10?6m/h
2
2
?L计
DL2=8.396?10?8(303.15/2.596)=0.9804?10?5cm/s=3.530?10?6m/h
2
2
2.173 mPa·s和2.596 mPa·s分别为PC为40 ?C和30 ?C时的黏度。 2. 气液两相黏度
(1)气象黏度
?G??yi?Gi?Mi??y?M?ii0.50.5 (气体混合物的黏度) ?Gi?T? ????(纯组分的粘度)
?273.15?0Gim0为0℃、常压下纯气体组分的粘度,mPas 。m为关联指数(见下表) ?Gi CO2 CO 0?Gi/mPa?s m 0.935 0.758 H2 N2 0?Gi/mPa?s m 0.771 0.756 1.34×10-2 1.66×10-2 0.84×10-2 1.66×10-2 在常压下及操作温度下,气相中单组分及混合物的黏度计算结果见表 项目 部位 CO2 CO H2 N2 ?Gi/ mPa·s 塔顶30?C 1.4771?10?2 1.7964?10?2 0.9103?10?2 1.7961?10?2 - 16 -
塔底30?C 1.4771?10?2 1.7964?10?2 0.9103?10?2 1.7961?10?2 ?G1=1.4876?10?5Pa·s=0.05355 kg/(m . h) ?G2=1.4928?10?5Pa·s=0.05374 kg/(m . h) 亦可利用对比态原理根据对比压力、对比温度和对比黏度的关系从图中查处各组分的黏度值,其值与利用公式所得到的结果基本相同。
185.5 mPa·s得
T?153.1(2)液相黏度?L 根据log?L??0.822??L1?2.173mPa/?m?h?=7.8230kg/?m?h? ?L2?2.596mPa/?m?h??9.3445kg?m?h?
(3)气液两相的密度
进出塔气体的平均摩尔质量:Mm1?20.208kgkmol,Mm2?11.04kgkmol 气相密度:?G1?12.83kgm3,同样可算出?G2?7.01kg/m3 液相密度:?L1?1184kgm3,?L2?1192kgm3
(4)气液两相的SC数
?SC?G1? ?SC?G2? ?SC?L1? ?SC?L2??G1?G1DG11.4876?10?5 ??0.55612.83?2.0858?10?61.4928?10?5??0.98 9?67.01?2.1532?10?G2?G2DG2?L1?L1DL1?L2?L2DL22.173?10?3??1521.68 ?91184?1.2061?102.596?10?3??2221 ?91192?0.9804?10(5)吸收液与填料的表面张力
吸收液:??43.167?0.114t
?1?38.607mN/m?500347kg/h2 ?2?40.197mN/m?5209kg53/h2
(6)惰性气体的对数平均分压PBm
塔底压力Pt1?1.6MPa
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塔顶压力:取塔内压降为0.5kgfcm2(含49044pa),Pt2?1.55MPa
pB1?pt1?1?yco21??1.6?1?0.28??1.152MPapB2?pt2?1?yco22??1.55?1?0.005??1.542MPa
pBm?pB1?pB21.542?1.152??1.3375MPa
ln?pB2pB1?ln?1.5421.152?(7)气相的摩尔流率
GM1? GM230000?228.898k6mo/lm2?h
22.4?5.85121190.06??221.9736kmol/m2?h 22.4?4.2617(8)填料的当量直径
dp?4?at?4?0.9106.4?0.0338m
(9)气相质量流率G
30000?20.208?4625.58kgm2?h
22.4?5.85121190.06?11.04?2450.59kgm2?h G2?22.4?4.2617 G1?????(10)气相传质系数
?dpG?kG?????G?????kG1?0.36??G???D?GG?????23?GM???10P??
Bm???0.36?0.0338?4625.58??1.195????0.05355??1?0.9???0.556?23?228.8986
10?1.3375=1.195?0.05656?1.4789?17.1139?1.7107
kG2?0.0338?2450.59??1.195????0.0537??1?0.9???0.36?0.989?23?221.9736
10?1.3375 =1.195?0.03106?1.0074?16.5962?0.621
(11) 液相传质流率(喷淋密度)
L1?12056041189169?206050.9kgm2?h;L2??279036.3kgm2?h
5.8514.2617(12)液相传质系数
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?L kL?0.015??a??tL????0.5??L???D?LL?????0.5??Lg???????L?13?ad?tp0.4
13 kL1.9??206050?0.015????106.4?7.823?0.5?7.823?1.27?108??0.5??1521.68????1184???5.90.4
=0.015?15.734?0.0256?94.321?2.034?1.159mh
.3??279036kL2?0.015???106.4?9.3445??0.5?9.3445?1.27?108??0.5??2221????1192??13?5.90.4
=0.015?16.753?0.0212?99.853?2.034?1.082mh
(13) 总传质系数
1H1?? KLkGkL 溶解度系数H,吸收后的溶液为稀溶液,且近似满足亨利定理(见船只单元数计算). H?ctE??sMS,E?1.6204t?39.594atm H1?1184?0.1111kmolm3?atm
102.09??1.6204?40?39.594??? H2?1192?0.1324kmolm3?atm
102.09??1.6204?30?39.594???
10.11111?mh? ???0.0649?0.8628?kL1?1.0779kL11.71071.15910.13241???0.2132?0.9242?kL1?1.082?mh? kL20.6211.082
从计算结果得出,PC吸收的过程为液膜控制,并且气膜阻力不可忽略(约占总阻力的20%),液膜阻力与气膜阻力之比约为4:1。 因吸收后的溶液仍为稀溶液,固Kx?ctKL,有:
Kx1?Kx21184?1.0779?12.5011kmolm2?h102.091192??1.082?12.6334kmolm2?h 102.09??,
??(14)有效传质比表面积aw
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0.1?0.050.20.7522????????awL??c??L?Lat????? ?1?exp??1.45???2?t????at????at?L???Lg???L?a?????aw1?1?expat?0.050.2?0.750.1?22????33??206050.9??206050.9?106.4?206050.9??1.45?????????28?????38.607??106.4?7.823??1184?1.27?10??1184?500347?106.4????=1?exp?-1.45?0.889?1.7353?1.2017?0.924??0.9166
aw1?0.9166?106.4?97.523m2m3
aw2?1?expat?0.050.2?0.750.1?22????33279036.3279036.3?106.4279036.3???????1.45????????28????1192?520953?106.4????40.197??106.4?9.3445??1192?1.27?10????
=1?exp?-1.45?0.8625?1.7572?1.1666?1.0334??0.9293
aw2?0.9293?106.4?98.878m2m3
(15)计算塔顶、塔底二截面处的?1-x?m
塔顶、塔底液相的平衡组成x*与实际组成x塔底:
x*?10.4422.4?0.0386
10.4422.4?1184102.09*因吸收饱和度为80%;故x1?0.8x1?0.0309
塔顶:塔顶压力为1.55MPa,合15.8056kgfcm2,于是出塔净化气中CO2的分压为
Pco2?0.005?15.8056?0.07903kgfcm2
logX*CO2?lgpco2?X*CO2644.25644.25?4.112?lg0.079?—4.112 T303.15?0.0008k1m4olCkmolPC2/O- 20 -