……………… … … … … … … … … … 线 … … …号…学… … … … … … … 订 … … …名…姓… … … … … … … 装 … … …级…班…………………………… 中 原 工 学 院 重修标识 B) The answer, I fear, is no. For an increasing number of kids, the extra time and 2014 ～2015 学年 第 二 学期 money spent pursuing a college diploma will leave them worse off than they were before A卷 √ B卷 they set foot on campus. 2013级国教艺术类大学英语精读四课程 期末试卷 C) For my entire adult life, a good education has been the most important thing for middle-class households. My parents spent more educating my sister and me than they 题号 一 二 三 四 五 六 七 八 九 十 总分 spent on their house, and they?re not the only ones... and, of course, for an increasing number of families, most of the cost of their house is actually the cost of living in a good school district. Questioning the value of a college education seems a bit like questioning Part I Writing ( 15 points ) the value of happiness, or fun. Directions: Write a composition on the following topic with the hints given below. You D) The average price of all goods and services has risen about 50 percent. But the should write at least 120 words. price of a college education has nearly doubled in that time. Is the education that today?s （注意：此部分试题请在Answer Sheet 2 (主观答题纸)上作答。） students are getting twice as good? Are new workers twice as smart? Have they become City Life Compared with Country Life somehow massively more expensive to educate? E) Perhaps a bit. Richard Vedder, an Ohio University economics professor, says, “I 1.很多城里人想到农村去生活，很多农村人想到城里生活 look at the data, and I see college costs rising faster than inflation up to the mid-1980s by 2.农村生活和城里生活各有什么吸引人之处、不尽如人意之处 1 percent a year. Now I see them rising 3 to 4 percent a year over inflation. What has 3.我的看法 happened? The federal government has started dropping money out of airplanes.” Aid Part II Skimming and Scanning (15 points) has increased, subsidized （补贴的）loans have become available, and “the universities have gotten the money.” Economist Bryan Caplan, who is writing a book about Directions： In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached education, agrees: “It?s a giant waste of resources that will continue as long as the to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the subsidies continue.” paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the F) Promotional literature for colleges and student loans often speaks of debt as an corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 (主观答题纸). “investment in yourself.” But an investment is supposed to generate income to pay off the loans. More than half of all recent graduates are unemployed or in jobs that do not Is College a Worthy Investment? require a degree, and the amount of student- loan debt carried by households has A) Why are we spending so much money on college? And why are we so unhappy increased more than five times since 1999. These graduates were told that a diploma was about it? We all seem to agree that a college education is wonderful, and yet strangely we all they needed to succeed, but it won?t even get them out of the spare bedroom at Mom worry when we see families investing so much in this supposedly essential good. Maybe and Dad?s. For many, the most visible result of their four years is the loan payments, it?s time to ask a question that seems almost sacrilegious (大不敬的）：is all this which now average hundreds of dollars a month on loan balances in the tens of investment in college education really worth it? thousands. 本试卷共 7 页，此页为A卷 第 1页 （注：参加重修考试者请在重修标识框内打钩）
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G) It?s true about the money—sort of. College graduates now make 80 percent more L) Heckman would like to see more apprenticeship-style (学徒式）programs, where than people who have only a high-school diploma, and though there are no precise
kids can learn in the workplace—learn not just specific job skills, but the kind of “soft estimates, the wage premium (高出的部分）for an outstanding school seems to be even skills,” like getting to work on time and getting along with a team, that are crucial for higher. But that?s not true of every student. It?s very easy to spend four years majoring in career success. “It?s about having mentors (指导者) and having workplace-based English literature and come out no more employable than you were before you went in. education,” he says. “Time and again I?ve seen examples of this kind of program Conversely, chemical engineers straight out of school can easily make almost four times working.”
the wages of an entry-level high-school graduate.
M) Ah, but how do we get there from here? With better public policy, hopefully, but
H) James Heckman, the Nobel Prize-winning economist, has examined how the also by making better individual decisions. “Historically markets have been able to
returns on education break down for individuals with different backgrounds and levels of handle these things,” says Vedder, and I think eventually markets will handle this one. If ability. “Even with these high prices, you?re still finding a high return for individuals who it doesn't improve soon, people are going to wake up and ask, ?Why am I going to are bright and motivated,” he says. On the other hand, “if you?re not college ready, then college?? ” the answer is no, it?s not worth it.” Experts tend to agree that for the average student,
college is still worth it today, but they also agree that the rapid increase in price is eating
(注意：此部分试题请在Answer Sheet 2(主观答题卡)上作答。)
up more and more of the potential return. For borderline students, tuition (学费）rise can
push those returns into negative territory.
1. Caplan suggests that kids who don?t love school go to work. I) Everyone seems to agree that the government, and parents, should be rethinking how we invest in higher education—and that employers need to rethink the increasing use 2. An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school of college degrees as crude screening tools for jobs that don?t really require college skills. district. “Employers seeing a surplus of college graduates and looking to fill jobs are just adding 3. Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money, according to one that requirement,” says Vedder. “In fact, a college degree becomes a job requirement for economist. becoming a bar-tender.”
4. More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.
J) We have started to see some change on the finance side. A law passed in 2007 5. For those who are not prepared for higher education, going to college is not worth it. allows many students to cap their loan payment at 10 percent of their income and forgives any balance after 25 years. But of course, that doesn't control the cost of education; it just 6. Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%. shifts it to taxpayers. It also encourages graduates to choose lower-paying careers, which 7. A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their reduces the financial return to education still further. “You?re subsidizing people to income for their college loans. become priests and poets and so forth,” says Heckman. “You may think that?s a good thing, or you may not.” Either way it will be expensive for the government.
8. Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.
K) What might be a lot cheaper is putting more kids to work. Caplan notes that work 9. More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not also builds valuable skills---probably more valuable for kids who don?t naturally love only job skills but also social skills. sitting in a classroom. Heckman agrees wholeheartedly: “People are different, and those 10. Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find abilities can be shaped. That?s what we?ve learned, and public policy should recognize a suitable job.
that.”
本试卷共 7 页，此页为 A 卷 第 2页
……………… … … … … … … … … … 线 … … 号…学…… … … … … … … 订 … … 名…姓…… … … … … … … 装 … … 级…班……………………………… Part III Reading Comprehension (50 points) Section B ( 30 points) Section A (20 points) Directions: There are several passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice. passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in (注意：此部分试题请按对应题号在Answer Sheet 1（机读卡）上涂卡。) the band is identified by a letter. Please choose the corresponding letter for each item on the Answer Sheet 2 (主观答题纸）. You may not use any of the words in the Passage One blank more than once. Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. (注意：此部分试题请按题号在Answer Sheet 2(主观答题纸)上作答。) Ivan Young shook his head with a mixture of frustration and relief as he recalled the month long battle persuading his father to take one of his kidneys. When you get an invitation to a job interview, you are halfway toward your Osbam Young, a military man from Honduras and a retired medical technician, goal---a job offer. No matter how many ______ (11) responses you have gotten to your didn’t want his 28-year-old son to put his own life in danger. After all, the two hadn’t job ______ (12) letters, with rare exceptions you will not get a job offer without an even been particularly close in recent years. interview. “I didn’t understand him, and he didn’t understand me,” Ivan said, recalling a Go to the library to find all ______ (13) information about the company and, if you childhood where his father was always working and rarely around. \can, on the person who will interview you. Have material with you that the employer close. But I never doubted his love for me.” might ask for--- _______ (14) of your work, names and addresses of ______ (15), extra So as he watched his father grow progressively weaker from the kidney disease copies of your resume. brought on by hypertension and diabetes (糖尿病), Ivan decided he didn’t want to see his An employment manager for a major construction company offers this ______ (16). father become another statistic. “If it?s obvious you haven?t spent any time _____ (17)for the interview---that is, you Ivan will meet his father in the operating room Wednesday. Both hope the operations don?t know what the company does, where it does it, what kinds of jobs it has---then will give the elder Young a normal life again. don?t expect the company to take you very ______(18).” For months, the elder Young had refused to go along with the operation. After being Prior to an interview the employer has ______ (19) seen your resume and perhaps rejected twice, Ivan said it came down to an emotional meeting during a birthday party talked with you on the phone. What employers look for in interviews is what you might for his nephew at the elder Young’s home. With the sound of children playing at the party, call personal chemistry---how you look and act, whether you______ (20) self-confidence, Ivan took his father into the elder Young’s bedroom. how you would fit in with other members of the organization. Ivan reassured his father that the doctors said donating a kidney was not a problem. Then he told Osbam “I want you around to see me get married, to see me finish law A) samples I) preparing school and to be around to play with my children and your other grandchildren,” Ivan B) guarantee J) encouraging recalled. C)reluctantly K) exhibit There was a long pause, and silence filled the room. Then, Ivan said he looked at his D) references L) seriously father and saw something in his eyes that he was not accustomed to seeing — tears. “He E) stimulating M) expose held me, and I held him,” Ivan said. “We didn’t say much. We never do.” Ivan doesn’t F) advice N) relevant view his actions as heroic. He knows that his recovery will take several weeks. But his G) considerate O) inquiry sister said he is courageous. H) probably “This is a big operation. My father felt that Ivan might be in the same situation as he is one day,” Ivan’s sister said. “But my other two brothers and I told him without hesitation that if Ivan needs us one day, we will be there for him,” she said. “Just like he is for our father.” 本试卷共 7 页，此页为 A 卷 第 3 页 ……………… … … … … … … … … … 线 … … …号…学… … … … … … … 订 … … …名…姓… … … … … … … 装 … … …级…班…………………………… 21. Why did the father refuse to take his son?s kidney? The teacher told me to go to stand where the boy was standing and told him to come A) He thought it was dangerous for his son. and stand where I had been, we changed places, and now she asked me what the color of B) He didn't like his son. the object was. I had to answer, “White.” It was an object with two differently colored C) His son was not healthy. sides, and from his viewpoint it was white. Only from my side it was black. D) He and his son were not close to each other. My teacher taught me a very important lesson that day: You must stand in the other 22. When the father?s situation became critical, the son _________. person?s shoes and look at the things through their eyes in order to truly understand them. A) decided to save his father 26. What drove the writer into an argument with a boy in the class when he was in B) wouldn't allow himself to read the statistics elementary school? C) tried to stop his father from reading the statistics A) The argument was about the lesson they just learned D) couldn?t see his father write the statistics B) The writer had forgotten what it was about 23. Which of the following is true of the son? C) The writer did not want to mention what it was. A) He got married. D) The teacher asked them to tell the color of an object. B) He was a lawyer. C) He seldom saw his father cry. 27. Who was right in the first argument, the boy or the writer? D) He had only one sister. A) The boy 24. How did the other members of the family respond to Ivan?s choice? B) The author. A) They thought it risky. C) Both the boy and the author. B) They disapproved of it. D) We don't know for sure. C) They decided to donate as well. D) They would do it too in case Ivan needed their help. 28. Who was right in the second argument, the boy or the author? 25. Ivan has a(n) ________ family A) The boy. A) indifferent B) The author. B) passionate C) Both the boy and the author. C) inconsiderate D) We don?t know for sure. D) close 29. In fact, the round object that the teacher asked the two students to look at was Passage Two __________. Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. A) half white and half black When I was in elementary school (小学), I got into an argument with a boy in my B) all white class. I have forgotten what the argument was about, but I have never forgotten the lesson C) all black I learned that day. D) colorful I believed that I was right and he was wrong — and he was just as sure that I was wrong and he was right. The teacher decided to teach us a very important lesson. She 30. What does “stand in the other person's shoes” mean? brought us up to the front of the class and asked him to stand on one side of her desk and A) To put on other people?s shoes. me on the other. In the middle of her desk was a large, round object. I could clearly see B) To look at things through other people?s eyes. that it was black. And she asked the boy what color the object was. “White,” he answered. C) To change shoes with another person in order to understand them. I couldn?t believe he said the object was white, when it was certainly black! D) To stand at wherever the other person stands. Another argument started between my classmate and me, this time about the color of the object. 本试卷共 7 页，此页为 A 卷 第 4 页 ……………… … … … … … … … … … 线 … … …号…学… … … … … … … 订 … … …名…姓… … … … … … … 装 … … …级…班…………………………… Passage Three 31. Which of the following is NOT a high-tech cheating technique? Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. A) Two-way radios disguised as pens or \There are two-way radios disguised as pens or “lucky” teddy bears. There are mobile B) Storing information under a necktie. phones with cameras. Then there are the websites that sell thousands of pre-written C) Mobile phones with cameras. essays. D) Calculators that can transmit answers. Modern technology has been a huge help for student cheats, says Professor John 32. The following are all measures taken by school examiners to stop the high-tech cheats Croucher, of Macquarie University?s Graduate School of Management. “Popular EXCEPT _____________. techniques include the use of advanced calculators that can transmit answers around the A) using special software to detect plagiarism exam room,” he said. B) increasing penalties for students caught cheating “Another way is when students, notably in the U.S., use their mobile phones to text C) introducing photo ID cards and electronic surveillance of the exam room an exam question to their friend who texts back the answer. They can even take a phone D) forbidding anything electronic in the classroom of the question.” 33. What does “tech-savvy” probably mean? For traditionalists, of course, the old-fashioned cheating techniques such as storing A) Very good at using high-tech. information under a necktie are still used, he says. But, the tech-savvy generation can be B) Very fond of advanced techniques. far trickier than that. So, examiners are looking for new technology of their own to stop C) Very slow in accepting high-tech. the high-tech cheats. D) Very traditional in using high-tech. Universities in Australia and 50 other countries are now using special software to 34. What can we know about Chung? match assignments that students hand in with a huge database that can detect plagiarism A) He has been cheating for three years. (剽窃), or copying other?s work. B) He only sells solutions. And, universities are increasing penalties for those caught cheating. In one C) He contacted the students by telephone. dramatic case last year, RMIT University in Melbourne expelled four international D) He was reported to the police for cheating. students, failed another 15, and reported one student and a 33-year-old man, Chih Chem 35. According to Zobel, some international students cheat in exams because Chung, to the police. ___________. “It was the first time that cheating has been discovered on this scale,” Zobel said. A) they think it exciting to cheat using modern high-tech In one subject alone, 19 assignments were found to have been written by the same B) they are afraid of having to pay high fees to repeat subjects if they fail person Chung, Zobel says. “Further investigation revealed that he appeared to have been C) they want to extend their visa and stay in Australia for a longer time active for at least three semesters, and was not only allegedly selling solutions, but was D) they think they will never be caught sitting exams.” The RMIT lecturers could identify the students who had been in contact with Part IV Cloze ( 20 points ) Chung by tracking their university email. The university also went back through old exam Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four papers and used handwriting experts to see if a paper had been faked. choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should choose the ONE that best fits into the The university has since introduced photo ID cards and electronic surveillance of passage. exam rooms, and it requires proof of attendance at exams. RMIT has also started using (注意：此部分试题请按对应题号在Answer Sheet 1（机读卡）上涂卡。) new “Turnitin” software that checks for web-based plagiarism. The hydrogen-fuelled Honda Clarity is the most important car since the car was Zobel believes that money, and fear of losing face, were the major reasons behind invented. It solves the problem of _______(36) we will do when the oil runs the cheating. All those involved were international students who would have to pay high ________(37), and it shuts up those who would have us believe cars are _________(38) fees to repeat subjects and extend their visa to stay in Australia if they failed. The the ice caps. In short, the Clarity means we can sleep a lot more easily. publicity surrounding the case showed just how seriously the community took the cheating. 本试卷共 7 页，此页为 A 卷 第 5 页