会计英语第一章

2020-03-29 14:20

会计英语第一课

会计领域 the field of accounting

special terms accounting

count n 计算、考虑、总计

vt 计算、清点、数数儿,盘算 内容极不同于calculate vt 计算、估计、推算 calculator n 计算器

count on 指望

account n 计算、帐户 vt vi 计算、说明

accounting n 会计,会计学accountant n 会计师accountancy n 会计、会计工作

on this account 由于这·on no account 决不··

record n `record 记录,报告,档案,唱片 v ri`cord 记录,表明,录音 a 创纪录的 classify v 分类,分等 summarize v 概述,总结interpret v 解释,说明,口译

还有:

Business 事务,企业,实业界,经济业务等Monetary 货币的,金融的,财政的,财务的

Management

Policy 方针、政策、策略

Operation 开动、操纵、经营管理、起作用Carry out 从事某种工作

Organization chart

Graphic a 图解的,图示的Layout n 设计、布局

count out 边算便说出 (加前缀后的情况) ·· 手术 compute v 计算,用计算机计算 computer n 计算机,电脑 发音时因动词、名词而不同。 1

··· Rank v 排列、次序、位置

Cash flow

Receipt n 收到,收条,收据

Earning n 如同利润,net earnings 赚头,净赚 Revenue n 如同收入,营业收入,毛收入

Income n 如同收益 如income statement 收益表 Receive v 领,收,容纳

Receivable a 应收的,应收款

Expenditure n 支出,支付,现金支出(不见得一定是费用)Payout n 支付,支出的数额Disburse v 支付,开销

Cost n v 花费,成本 cost Expensive a 花费多的,昂贵的Payroll n 支付的工资,工薪Expense n 花费,开支,损耗Expend v 用,消费 Spend v 费,花费

Fiscal

Financial n 财政的,财务的,金融的(但不见得就是银行的,可银行的也能用这个词)Finanice n v 筹资,融资,贷款,财务,财政,金融,供给经费,筹措资金Financing n 筹资用资

Bookkeeping

Financial information 财务信息Bookkeeper 簿记员

Financial transaction 财务交易Books of account 帐簿(注意与帐户之间的关系)

Certified public accountant Qualified opinion 保留意见

Unqualified opinion 无保留意见Fair presentation 公允表达

Chartered accountant 皇家特许会计师

Audit(要注意这一词的广阔性)Auditing 审计,监测,审查Auditor 审计师,监测员

costing 区别

2

与 Governmental and institutional accounting

Controller/comptroller 主计长,总会计师

Financial officer(official) CFO n 财务总监,财务经理 Treasurer n 司库,财务(非会计)负责人

Cost accounting

Analysis n 分析(读法) Analyze v 分析(读法) Catual unit value 实际单位价值

Asset

Cash 现金

Receivable 应收款

Security 证券,此处指有价证券 Property 财产

Intangible 无形,此处为无形资产 Goodwill 商誉

Sale n 卖,销售

Sell v 卖,卖出(sold sold)

Purchase n 采购

Buy v 买进(bought bought)

Financial statement 财务报表,会计报表

Managerial accounting Fiscal report 财务报告

Operating policy 经营方针,经营策略

The purposes of accounting

--recording financial information for legal and other reasons;

--summarising financial information for users so that it is understandable and analysing financial information periodically so that it is useful;

--communicating information for internal and external use i.e. to managers and other staff members (internal) and to users outside the business ((e)exter`nal) ;

--analysis of performance to see whether performance is satisfactory;

--planning and decision-making i.e. planning future activities and making business decision.

3

The field of accounting

第1段:

Industry n 工业,产业,行业,也指企业(注意读法) Industrial a 工业的,产业的

第2段:

Business 在这里是指企业,同义词还有Corporation 公司,多指股份公司Enterprise 企业,泛指所有企业Manufactory 制造业工厂

Plant 工厂,尤其是较大的工厂Factory 小工厂,作坊式厂 Firm 商号,(会计师事务所)Mill 工厂,如纺织厂、粮食加工厂Shop 商店

Store 商场,商城 Company 泛指的公司 Concern 企业

Expansion 扩张 Reorganization 重组

Campaign 活动,指较大、有组织的系列活动,如选举,策划某一产品Movement 运动,如打打球,作体操Activity 小的活动,如记帐,生产

Advertise v 注意读法(只有一个读法)Advertisement n 广告(两种读法,大概都行)

第3段:

第4段:

Accounting procedure 会计程序Bookkeeping procedure 簿记程序Data processing 数据处理 Fiscal affairs 财务业务

Effect n v效果

Effectiveness n 效力,效果

4

Efficiency n 效率

Economy n 经济,节省

会计的艺术论及其由来;与中国现实情况的区别。

第5段:

簿记员与会计之间的关系

business transaction 经济业务,交易事项

第6段:

会计的三大分支

Insert:

Users of accounting information and their needs

--internal users are managers and employees.

Managers need accounting information for `stewardship(安排工作), planning, decision-making and control.

Employees will be interested in long-term profitability(长期收益水平), liquidity(流动性――此处为偿债能力等), comparisons with other organizations and information for wage negotiation.

--external users are shareholders, lenders, ‘analysts, the business com`munity(团体),government, general public.

Shareholders need to know about profitability, management performance, share performance and future prospect.

Lenders are interested in profitability, liquidity, security and indebtedness(亏欠,也可解释为已有债务). `Analysts are interested in performance and profitability, future prospect.

The business com`munity(creditors, debtors(债务人), com`petitors(竞争者))are interested in efficiency, liquidity and future prospects.

These needs may not be met in total because financial accounting information is backward-looking(事后的), only concerned with quantitative(定量的) data, and may be out of date.

第7段:

Fee 费,酬金

Wage 蓝领人员工资

Salary 薪金,年俸,公务员工资 Payroll 工薪册,工薪总额 Tip 小费

5


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