考神团队专八阅读讲义

16版考神团队专业八级特训班阅读讲义@范范_老师标***者为与潜在高级写作相关的文章或内含词汇句型最为丰富的文章，建议深度熟读请注意真实考卷上是没有段落标号的。【注意：以下真题中题干标黑表红的为本课程训练中可以改造为Paraphrase-短问答题型的样题，请参考题干后我出的模拟问句。】2016专八阅读样卷（等同15年考卷）PASSAGEONE1/In2011,manyshoppersoptedtoavoidthefreneticcrowdsanddotheirholidayshoppingfromthecomfortoftheircomputer.Salesatonlineretailersgainedbymorethan15%,makingitthebiggestseasonever.Butpeoplearealsoreturningthosepurchasesatrecordrates,up8%fromlastyear.2/Whatwentwrong?Isthelingeringshadowoftheglobalfinancialcrisismakingithardertoacceptextravagantindulgences?Ordopeopleshopmoreimpulsively-andthereforemakebaddecisions-whenonline?Bothargumentsareplausible.However,thereisathirdfactor:aquestionoftouch.Wecanlovethelookbut,inanonlineenvironment,wecannotfeelthequalityofatexture,theshapeofthefit,thefallofafoldortheweightofanearring.Andphysicallyinteractingwithanobjectmakesyoumorecommittedtoyourpurchase.3/WhenmymostrecentbookBrandwashedwasreleased,Iteamedupwithalocalbookstoretoconductanexperimentaboutthedifferencesbetweentheonlineandofflineshopping.Icarefullyinstructedagroupofvolunteerstopromotemybookintwodifferentways.Thefirstwasafairlyhands-offapproach.Wheneveracustomerwouldinquireaboutmybook,thevolunteerwouldtakethemovertotheshelfandpointtoit.Outof20suchrequests,sixcustomersproceededwiththepurchase.4/Thesecondoptionalsoinvolvedgoingovertotheshelfbut,thistime,removingthebookandthensubtlyholdingontoitforjustanextramomentbeforeplacingitinthecustomer'shands.Ofthe20peoplewhowerehandedthebook,13endedupbuyingit.Justphysicallypassingthebookshowedabigdifferenceinsales.Why?Wefeelsomethingsimilartoasenseofownershipwhenweholdthingsinourhand.That'swhyweestablishorreestablishconnectionbygreetingstrangersandfriendswithahandshake.Inthiscase,havingtothenletgoofthebookafterholdingitmightgenerateasubtlesenseofloss,andmotivateustomakethepurchaseevenmore.5/ArecentstudyconductedbyBangorUniversitytogetherwiththeUnitedKingdom'sRoyalMailservicealsorevealedthepoweroftouch,inthiscasewhenitcametosnailmail.Adeeperandlonger-lastingimpressionofamessagewasformedwhendeliveredinaletter,asopposedtoreceivingthesamemessageonline.FMRIs(功能性磁共振成像)showedthat,ontouchingthepaper,theemotionalcentreofthebrainwasactivated,thusformingastrongerbond.Thestudyalsoindicatedthatoncetouchbecomespartoftheprocess,itcouldtranslateintoasenseofpossession.Inotherwords,wesimplyfeelmorecommittedtopossessandthusbuyanitemwhenwe'vefirsttouchedit.Thissenseofownershipissimplynotpartoftheequationinthe1onlineshoppingexperience.6/Astheritualsofpurchaseinthelead-uptoChristmaschange,notonlydowegivelessthoughttothetypeofgiftswebuyforourlovedonesbut,throughourowndigitalwishlists,weincreasinglycontrolwhattheybuyforus.Thereality,however,isthatnomatterhowconvincedweallarethatdigitalisthewaytogo,findingrealsatisfactionwillprobablytakemorethanafewsimpleclicks.11.Accordingtotheauthor,shoppersarereturningtheirpurchasesforallthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTthat________.A.theyareunsatisfiedwiththequalityofthepurchaseB.theyeventuallyfindthepurchasetooexpensiveC.theychangetheirmindoutofuncertaintyD.theyregretmakingthepurchasewithoutforethought12.WhydoestheauthorcitethestudybyBangorUniversityandtheRoyalMailService?A.Tocomparesimilarresponsesindifferentsettings.B.Toprovidefurtherevidenceforhisownobservation.C.Toofferascientificaccountofthebrain'sfunctions.D.Todescribeemotionalresponsesinonlineshopping.13.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Despiteonlineshoppingwestillattachimportancetogiftbuying.B.Somepeoplearestilluncertainaboutthedigitalage.C.Realsatisfactiondependsonfactorsotherthanthecomputer.D.Onlineshoppingoffersrealsatisfactiontoshoppers.PASSAGETWO1/MyprofessorbrotherandIhaveanargumentaboutheadandheart,aboutwhetherlieovervaluesIQwhileIleanmoretowardEQ.Wetypicallyhavethisdebateaboutpeople-canyoubefriendswithareallysmartjerk（怪物）?-butthere'scorollarytoanimalsaswell.I'dloveitifourdogcouldfetchthemorningpaperandthenreadittomeovercoffee,butIactuallycaremuchmoreaboutherloyalandinnocentheart.There'salreadyenoughthinkinggoingoninourhouse,andweprobablyspendtoomuchtimeinourheads.Whereweneedsomerolemodelingisininstinct,andthat'swhereadogisarovingrevelation.2/Ididnotgrowupwithdogs,whichmeantthatmyolderdaughter'srespectfulbutunyieldingdeterminationtogetonerequiredsomeadjustmentonmypart.Ioftenfeltshewastrainingme:fromagesof6to9,shegentlyschooledmeinvariousbreedsandtheirpersonalities,whisperedtothedogsweencounteredsotheywouldcharmandpersuademe,demonstratedbyherself-disciplinethatshewasreadyfortheresponsibility.AndthuscameourdogTwist,whomIsometimesmistakeforathirddaughter.3/Atfirst1thoughtthechallengewouldbetotrainhertosit.toheel,towalkcalmlybesideusandnotgowildlychasingtheneighbourhoodrabbits.But1soondiscoveredhowmuchmorewehadtolearnfromherthanshefromus.4/Ifitistrue,forexample,thatthesecrettoachild'ssuccessislessraregeniusthanrawpersistence,Twist'sabilitytostayontaskisamodelforusall,especiallyifthetaskistryingtocapturethesunbeamthatflicksaroundthelivingroomasthewindblowsthroughthebranches2outside.Sheneversucceeds,andshenevergivesup.Thisincludeswhensherunssquareintowalls.5/Thenthereisherunfailingpatience,whichbreaksdownonlywhenshesensesthatdinnertimewas15minutesagoandwehavesomehowfailedtonotice.Eventhensheismoreeagerthanindignant,andherrefusaltowhineshowsarestraintofwhichI'mnotalwayscapablewhenhungry.6/ButthelessonIvaluemostistheoneinforgiveness,andTwistfirstofferedthiswhenshewasstillveryyoung.Whenshewasabout7monthsold,wetookhertothevettobespayed(切除卵巢).Weturnedherovertoastranger,whoproceededtoperformaprocedurethatwasprobablynotpleasant.Butwhenthevetreturnedhertous,limpandtender,therewasnorecrimination(反责),noHowcouldyoudothattome?Itwasasthoughshealreadyknewthatwewouldnotintentionallycauseherpain,andwhileshedidnotunderstand,sheforgaveandcurledupwithherheadonmydaughter'slap.7/Isupposewecouldhaveconcludedthatshewasjustblindlyloyalanddocile.Buteventuallyweknewbetter.Sheisentirelycapableofdisobedience,asshehasprovedmanytimes.Shewillignoreuswhentherearemoreinterestingthingstolookat,rebukeuswhenwearecareless,barkintothetwilightwhenshehasurgentmessagestosend.Butherpatiencewithourfailingsandficklenessandherwillingnesstogiveusasecondchanceareadailylessoningratitude.8/Myfriendswhogrewupwithdogstellmehowwhentheywereteenagersandtrustednooneintheworld,theycouldtelltheirdogalltheirsecrets.Itwastheonefriendwhowouldnotgossiporbetray,couldprovideinthemiddleofthenightthesoft,unbegrudgingcomfortandpeacethatadolescenceconspirestodisrupt.Anagethatisallaboutgrowthandriskneedssomeanchorsandweights,amodelofsteadfastnesswhenallelseisinflux.SometimesIthinkTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleash,onethathangsquietlyattheirsideastheytrotalongbutoccasionallyyanksthembacktosafetyandsolidground.9/We'veweighedsomanydecisionssocarefullyinraisingourdaughters-whatschooltosendthemtoandwhatchurchtoattend,whentogivethemcellphonesandwithwhatprecautions.Butwhenitcomestowhatreallyshapestheircharacterandbindsourfamily,Ineverwouldhavethoughtwewouldowesomuchtoitssmallestmember.14.A.B.C.D.15.A.B.C.D.16.A.B.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat_______.apersoncaneitherhaveahighIQoralowEQweneedexamplesofhowtofollowone'sheartherprofessorbrothercarestoomuchaboutIQsheprefersdogsthatarecleverandloyalAccordingtothepassage,allthefollowingareTwist'scharacteristicsEXCEPT_____.resignationpatienceforgivenesstenacityThatTwist'sdevotionkeepsmygirlsonabenevolentleashmeansthat_____.TwistiscapableoflookingafterthegirlsTwistandthegirlshavebecomefriends3C.D.17.A.B.C.D.TwistknowshowtofollowthegirlsTwist'sloyaltyhelpsthegirlsgrowupWhatdoestheauthortrytoexpressinthelastparagraph?GratitudetoTwistforherrole.Difficultiesinraisingherchildren.Worriesaboutwhattobuyforkids.Concernsaboutschoolingandreligion.PASSAGETHREE1/MostWestAfricanlorriesarenotinwhatonewouldcallthefirstflushofyouth,and[hadlearntbybitterexperiencenottoexpectanythingverymuchofthem.ButthelorrythatarrivedtotakemeuptothemountainswasworsethananythingIhadseenbefore:ittotteredonthebordersofseniledecay.Itstoodthereonbuckledwheels,wheezingandgaspingwithexhaustionfromhavingtoclimbupthegentleslopetothecamp,and1consignedmyselfandmyloadstoitwithsomefear.Thedriver,whowasacheerfulfellow,pointedoutthathewouldrequiremyassistanceintwoverynecessaryoperations:first,Ihadtokeepthehandbrakepresseddownwhentravellingdownhill,forunlessitwasheldthusalmostlevelwiththeflooritsullenlyrefusedtofunction.Secondly,Ihadtokeepasterneyeontheclutch,awillfulpieceofmechanismthatseizedeverychancetoleapoutofitssocketwithanoiselikeastranglingleopard.AsitwasobviousthatnotevenaWestAfricanlorry-drivercouldbesuccessfulindrivingwhilecrouchedunderthedashboard,1hadtotakeovercontrolofthoseinstrumentsifIvaluedmylife.So,whileIduckedatintervalstoputonthebrake,amidtherichsmellofburningrubber,ournoblelorryjerkeditswaytowardsthemountainsatasteadytwentymilesperhour;sometimes,whenadownwardslopefavouredit,itthrewcautiontothewindsandcareered(猛冲)alonginarecklessfashionattwenty-five.2/Forthefirstthirtymilestheredearthroadwounditswaythroughthelowlandforest,thegianttreesstandinginsolidranksalongsideandtheirbranchesentwined(盘绕)inanarchwayofleavesaboveus.Slowlyandalmostimperceptiblytheroadstartedtoclimbupwards,loopingitswayinlanguidcurvesroundtheforestedhills.Inthebackofthelorrytheboyslifteduptheirvoicesinsong:3/Homeagain,homeagain,4/WhenshallIseemahome?5/Thedriverhummedtherefrain(副歌)softlytohimselfglancingatmetoseeifIwouldobject.TohissurpriseIjoinedinandsowhilethelorryrolledonwards,theboysinthebackmaintainedthechoruswhilethedriverandIharmonizedandsangcomplicatedbits.6/Breaksintheforestbecamemorefrequentthehigherweclimbed,andpresentlyanewtypeofundergrowthbegantoappear:massivetree-fernsstandingattheroadsideontheirthick,squathairytrunks.Thesefernsweretheguardiansofanewworld,forsuddenly,asthoughthehillshadshruggedthemselvesfreeofacloak,theforestdisappeared.Itlaybehindusinthevalley,whileaboveusthehillsiderosemajestically,coveredinacoatofwaist-highgrass.Thelorrycrepthigherandhigher,theenginegaspingandshudderingwiththisunaccustomedactivity.Ibegantothinkthatweshouldhavetopushthewretchedthingupthelasttwoorthreehundredfeet,buttoeveryone'ssurprisewemadeit,andthelorrycreptontothebrowofthehill,tremblingwithfatigue,spoutingsteamfromitsradiatorlikeadyingwhale.Wecrawledtoastandstillandthe4driverswitchedofftheengine.7/\mustwaitsmall-time,enginegethot,\heexplained,pointingtotheforequartersofthelorry,whichwerebynowcompletelyinvisibleunderacloudofsteam.ThankfullyIdescendedfromthered-hotinsideofthecabandstrolleddowntowheretheroaddippedintothenextvalley.Fromthisvantagepoint1couldseethecountrywehadtravelledthroughandthecountrywe18.Whichofthefollowingwordsinthefirstparagraphisusedliterally?A.Flush.B.Borders.C.GaspingD.Operations.19.Welearnfromthefirstparagraphthattheauthorregardstheinadequaciesofthelorryas_____.A.inevitableandamusingB.dangerousandfrighteningC.novelandunexpectedD.welcomeandinteresting20.AllthefollowingwordsinthelastbutoneparagraphdescribethelorryasahumanEXCEPT_____.A.tremblingB.spoutingC.shudderingD.crept21.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe.A.AjourneythatscaredmeB.ThewildWestAfricanlorryC.AjourneytorememberD.AcomicjourneyinWestAfrica【以专八改革样卷的Lorry文学篇章为例——什么是文学的本质】范范_老师发布于2015年9月24日08:45“如果一群学生在一起讨论《呼啸山庄》，一个学生说Heathcliffe颜值并不高不值得Catherine寻死觅活的，另一个学生说这二人的爱情根本没有多大讨论的价值，还有一人则言林顿太怂，等等。其实他们都错了，因为他们根本就是再谈论现实而非文学，文学一定有其文学性”。这一段是英国文学批评大家terryeagleton去年新书里的一段文字，说明文学是UNIQUE的，所谓文学的本质就是文学的语言绝不好好说话，好好说话的一定是日常生活语言，所以读文学语篇包括专八文学语篇，一定是a不等于a,前后一定有波动和反接关系，如果如我在讲座所说：专八冬日巴黎那个语篇是前面快乐结尾黯然神伤的话，最新专八样卷Lorry一文恰恰说明作者文意的复杂和暧昧(ambiguity)。开头说西非货车本以为一定很破，没想到（But）破得没了底线，突破了自己的形象，那么这样的开头以but的转折就告诉你这次旅程一定不是简单的unexpected，而是有了一丝丝后来受虐和惊悚中的享受了。中间的惊心动魄自然是inevitable，但结尾下车后环顾四周的淡定白描中必然暗示了叙述人内心的隐秘的开心、过瘾。ontheotherlevel，但是呢，不要小瞧了这个文章：作者作为一个可能的欧洲白人觉得西非这种“落后文明”之地一定相当的落后，但文章开头那个BUT之后居然快乐和享受这段adventurous旅程，难免不反应了作者有着一种欧洲殖民者常常对落后亚非拉地区的后殖民5