存档日期： 存档编号：
江苏 师 范 大 学 本科生毕业论文（设计）
论 文 题 目： 不同坐标系的转换及其程序设计 姓 名： 陈航 院 系： 测绘学院 专 业： 测绘工程 班 级： 09测11 指 导 教 师： 王爱生
江苏师范大学教务处印制
摘 要
随着空间技术的发展，全球一体化的形成，越来越多的要求全球测绘资料形成统一规范，尤其是坐标系统的统一。由于各测量单位工作目的不同，所选择的椭球参考系也会有所不同，出现了许多不同形式的坐标系，例如WGS-84坐标系、国家80坐标系、北京54坐标系、独立地方坐标及各种坐标。在同一坐标系下坐标的表示方式又有空间直角坐标、大地坐标、平面坐标。根据不同的测绘需求，需要将不同的坐标系下的坐标进行相互转换，在这些坐标转换的过程中既会运用到同一坐标系下的坐标转换模型，又会用到不同参考系下各坐标系间的坐标转换模型。
首先本文介绍大地测量学坐标的相关知识，接着介绍了与坐标转换相关的知识以及坐标转换模型（包括同一坐标系下的坐标转换模型和不同参考系下各坐标系间的坐标转换模型），并利用vb语言实现坐标转换的过程。
关键词：地球椭球，坐标系，转换模型，坐标转换
Abstract
Along with the development of space technology, the formation of global integration, more and more requirements of surveying and mapping material form a unified global standard, especially the unity of the coordinate system. Because each measurement unit work purpose is different, choose the frame of reference ellipsoid would differ, the emergence of many different forms of coordinate system, such as WGS-84 coordinate system, the state 80 coordinate system, Beijing 54 coordinate system, independent local coordinate system and various kinds of urban construction coordinates. In the same coordinate system of representation and coordinate space right-angle coordinate, coordinate, coordinate the earth plane. According to the different needs of surveying and mapping, need different coordinate transformation coordinate system, in which the process of coordinate transformation can use to the same coordinate system coordinate transformation model, and will use different reference frame, the coordinate transformation between the coordinate system model.
First of all this paper introduces the geodetic coordinates of relevant knowledge, then introduce the knowledge of coordinate transformation and coordinate transformation model(including the same coordinate system coordinate transformation model and different reference frame, the coordinate transformation between the coordinate system model), and the use of vb language realization of coordinate transformation process. Key words: the earth ellipsoid, coordinate system, transformation model, coordinate transformation
摘要 ................................................................................................................................................. I Abstract ...................................................................................................................................... II 1 绪 论 ..................................................................................................................................... 1
1.1研究的背景和意义 ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2国内外研究现状 ........................................................................................................... 1 1.3研究的主要内容 ........................................................................................................... 2
2 相关理论和知识介绍................................................................................................... 2
2.1地球椭球 ........................................................................................................................ 2 2.2 基准 ................................................................................................................................ 3 2.3建立大地坐标系的基本原理 .................................................................................... 4
2.3.1椭球定位、定向的概念 .......................................................................................... 4 2.3.2参考椭球定位与定向的实现方法 ........................................................................ 5 2.3.3多点定位 ................................................................................................................ 5
3 坐标系统简介 .................................................................................................................. 5
3.1测量常用的坐标系 ...................................................................................................... 6
3.1.1大地坐标系 .............................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2空间直角坐标系 ...................................................................................................... 7 3.1.3平面坐标系 .............................................................................................................. 7 3.1.4地方独立坐标系 ...................................................................................................... 8
3.2 我国常用的坐标系统 ................................................................................................ 8
3.2.1 1954年北京坐标系 .............................................................................................. 8 3.2.2 1980年国家大地坐标系 ...................................................................................... 9 3.2.3 1954年北京坐标系（整体平差转换值） ........................................................ 10 3.2.4 WGS-84世界大地坐标系 .................................................................................... 11 3.2.5 2000国家大地坐标系 ........................................................................................ 11
4 坐标转换理论与程序设计 ...................................................................................... 11
4.1坐标转换的基本概念 ................................................................................................ 11 4.2坐标系转换的模型 .................................................................................................... 12
4.2.1同一参考椭球下大地坐标系与空间直角坐标系的相互转换 ............................ 12
4.3基准转换的模型 ......................................................................................................... 14
4.3.1不同地球椭球坐标系的空间三参数或七参数转换 ............................................ 14
5 全文总结 ........................................................................................................................... 16 参考文献 ................................................................................................................................... 16 附 录 ........................................................................................................................................... 17
致谢 .............................................................................................................................................. 17