通过分析Three Cups of Tea学习如何写记叙文
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Greg Mortenson and David Oliver Relin
Author:
Born on December 27th 1957, Greg Mortenson is an American humanitarian, writer, and former mountaineer. He is the protagonist and co-author of Three Cups of Tea.
Background:
In 1992, Mortenson?s young sister died. Therefore in 1993, to honor his decreased sister?s memory, Mortenson joined an expedition to scale K2, the world?s second highest mountain. After more than 70 days, Mortenson and three other climbers completed a life-saving rescue of a climber, which took more than 75 hours. After that rescue, he became weak and exhausted. Mortenson took a wrong turn along the way and ended up in Korphe, a small village. The village head Haji Ali gave him food and the warmest quilt and Mortenson recovered from hunger and cold. To pay the remote community back for their generosity and hospitality, Mortenson promised to build a school for the village.
Summary:
The book describes Mortenson?s transition from a mountain-climber to a humanitarian committed to reducing poverty and promoting education for girls in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
一、Vantage View 二、Plot 三、Conflict 四、Theme 五、Character
一、Vantage view:
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选自《高级英语（第1册）》（张汉熙）
The third person
The third-person narration is employed throughout the book.The author chooses a character (Mortenson) and the story is related in terms of that character in such a way that the field of vision is confined to him alone.
They should be building the walls this week, he thought. Mortenson turned his anger inward, blaming himself. He couldn?t keep returning Pakistan forever. Now he was married, he needed a career. He wanted to get the school finished so he could set about figuring out what his life?s work would be.
二、Plot:
Beginning:
Mortenson feels disappointed when he comes back to Korphe, only to find that Haji Ali hasn?t started the construction accomplished.
The rocks looked more like an ancient ruin than the building blocks of a new school. Though he stood on a plateau high above the Braldu River, in perfect fall weather that made the pyramid of Korphe K2, Mortenson was disheartened by the prospect before him.
Analysis:
开头交代了人物与地点，对于环境的描写与人物的心情形成对比，设置了悬念，引起读者的阅读兴趣，小说中的作者为何在看到这样的景象觉得心灰意冷。
Development:
This part introduces details about the school construction. At the start of the school construction, Haji Ali gives Mortenson a lesson on the three cups of tea.
When the porcelain bowls of scalding butter tea steamed in their hands, Haji Ali spoke. “If you want to thrive in Baltistan, you must respect our ways,” Haji Ali said, blowing on his bowl. “The first time you share tea with a Balti, you are a stranger. The second time you take tea, you are an honored guest. The third time you share a cup of tea, you become family, and for our family, we are prepared to do anything, even die,” he said, laying his hand warmly on Mortenson?s own. “Doctor Greg, you must make time to share three cups of tea. We may be uneducated. But we are not stupid. We have lived and survived here for a long time.”
Analysis:
此段Haji Ali给Mortenson上了最重要的一节课为的是缓解Mortenson与村民们的关系。解释了三杯茶的含义，也使他认识到三杯茶的象征意义，即建立良好的人际关系和信任感。这也正是美国这样一个充满了独立感和隔离感并且一切以效率为上的社会所欠缺的。此小说的名字也来源于此。
Climax:
Haji Mehdi comes here to make blackmail. Haji Ali paid him a lot for the school?s construction.
“I have heard that an infidel has come to poison Muslim children, boys as well as girls, with his teachings,” Haji Mehdi barked. “Allah forbids the education of girls. And I forbid the construction of this school.”
“We will finish our school,” Haji Ali said evenly. “Whether you forbid it or not.”
Haji Mehdi?s men figured their clubs uneasily. He raised a hand to steady them. “If you insist on keeping your school, you must pay a price,” Mehdi said, the lids of his eyes lowering. “I demand twelve of your largest rams.”
“As your wish,” Haji Ali said, turning his back on Mehdi, to emphasize how he had degraded himself by demanding a bribe. “Bring the chogo rabak!” he ordered.
Analysis:
这段为Haji Mehdi来此勒索，组织建设学校时与Haji Ali之间的对话描写，也是小说
的高潮部分，之所以称它为高潮，是因为这是矛盾冲突的出现，是真正意义上的思想的碰撞，让读者为还能否成功建设学校感到紧张与担心。Haji Mehdi所说的话体现了他思想的陈腐，与他贪财的性格特点。衬托出Haji Ali为了孩子建设学校的坚定信念。
Ending:
Haji Ali and the villagers finish the construction of the school.
Haji Ali paused before the building everyone in the village had worked so hard to raise. It held its ground firmly before Korphe K2, with snugly built stone walls, plastered and painted yellow, and thick wooden doors to beat back the weather. Never again would Korphe?s children kneel over their lessons on frozen ground. “Don?t be sad,” he told the shattered crowd. “Long after all those rams are dead and eaten this school will still stand. Haji Mehdi has food today. Now our children have education forever.
Analysis:
小说结尾Haji Ali与村民完成了学校的建设，即使失去了了整个村子的大部分财产，
仍然顶住压力建设了学校，因为那些山羊与孩子们能够在好的环境下学习实在是太微不足道
了，事情圆满结束。对学校矗立在那的样子的描写给人以希望。
三、 Conflict:
“It was one of the most humbling things I?ve ever seen,” Mortenson says, “Haji Ali had just handed over half the wealth of the village to that crook, but he was smiling like he?d just won a lottery.”
这实际上是陈腐思想，与Haji Ali坚持建立学校让孩子接受教育的新思想之间的矛盾冲突，十二只羊的确是很高的代价，从表面上看，Haji Mehdi在这场冲突中大获全胜，得到了自己想要的东西，但是Haji Ali赢得了孩子们上学的机会，这更是无价的。
四、Theme:
After dark, by the light of the fire that smoldered in his balti, Haji Ali beckoned Mortenson to sit beside him. He picked up his dog-eared, grease-spotted Koran and held it before the flames. “Do you see how beautiful this Koran is?” Haji Ali asked.
“Yes.”
“I can?t read it,” he said. “I can?t read anything. This is the greatest sadness in my life. I?ll do anything so the children of my village never have to know this feeling. I?ll pay any price so they have the education they deserved.”
Analysis:
这里运用了大量的语言描写，通过Haji Ali的话引出主题，大量美好书籍的存在需要
我们更加注重教育与学习，有好书却读不了该是多么令人遗憾的事情，为偏远贫困地区建立一所学校可能就是点燃了几个个村子的希望，圆了几千人的梦想。
五、Character:
Haji Ali kept his back turned to the visitors until twelve boys approached, dragging the sick-horned, heavy-hooved beasts. He accepted the bridles from them and tied the rams together. All the boys wept as they handed over their most cherished possessions to their murmadhar. Haji Ali led the line of rams, lowing mournfully, to Haji Mehdi, and threw the lead to him without a word. Then he turned on his heel and herded his people toward the site of the school.
Analysis:
这段对Haji Ali进行了动作描写，在孩子们回来一直没有正面对着索贿的人，体现了
他对这种行为内心的鄙视。孩子们哭着交出了山羊，他明知道这是这个村子一大半的财产，他依然坚定的将山羊给了出去，体现出他一旦认为某件事是对的，就会坚持进行下去。即使
他也有些难过，他也顶住压力做出这件事，体现出他作为村子的带头人，具有巨大的责任感和使命感。
“Sitting there beside him,” Mortenson says, “I realized that everything, all the difficulties I?d gone through, from the time I?d promised to build the school, through the long struggle to complete it, was nothing compared to the satisfices he was prepared to make for his people. Here was this illiterate man, who?d hardly ever left his little village in the Karakoram,” Mortenson says. “Yet he was the wisest man I?ve ever met.”
Analysis:
这段Mortenson的话侧面地反映出Haji Ali做的一切都是为了自己的村民，他是一个
有责任感的带头人，他虽然一字不识，却有着过人的智慧，是一个有远见的人，他为整个村子的发展牺牲了很多，为村子的教育事业做出了巨大贡献，迈出了勇敢的第一步。
总结:
写记叙文时要将记叙文的六要素交代清楚，描写景物部分要能渲染气氛，侧面反映出作者的心情。开头要能吸引读者的阅读兴趣，设置一个悬念，留下一个疑问。高潮前面要进行铺垫。结尾部分交代出主题。对于人物的描写，可以有动作、语言等描写手法，要体现出人物的性格特点，也可以用对比的方法进行突出表现。
（1302020109，刘凤阳）