CULINARY DELIGHTS IN CHINA(2)

2020-04-03 12:52

Goubuli is now a time-cherished brand name in Tianjin. 如今“狗不理”已经成为天津的老字号。

9,In Zhejiang cuisine, there is a well-known dish called Dongpo Meat.

浙江菜里有一道深受欢迎的菜,叫东坡肉。This dish of streaky pork is prepared over a slow fire where the big chunks of pork are braised with green onion, ginger, cooking wine, soy sauce, and sugar.

这道菜是把五花肉切成大块,配上青葱,在锅底放些生姜,然后加料酒、酱油和糖用慢火做出来的。

The finished dish is bright red in color and the meat is tender and juicy and, 这道菜色泽红亮,酥嫩多汁

like the Goubuli buns, not at all greasy. 如“狗不理”一样毫无肥腻之感。

This dish was named after Su Dongpo(1037—1101), a great poet of the Northern Song Dynasty(960—1127),

它以北宋时代大诗人苏东坡的名字命名。who created it when he was an official in Hangzhou.苏东坡在杭州做官时发明了这道菜。

It is said that, when he was in charge of the drainage work for the West Lake, 据说,他当时负责西湖的排污工程,

Su Dongpo rewarded workers with stewed pork in soy sauce, 经常拿红烧肉犒劳工人。

and people later named it Dongpo Meat, to commemorate this gifted and generous poet.

后来为了纪念这位才华横溢、慷慨大方的诗人,人们就把它称作东坡肉。10, Fujian cuisine boasts a famous dish called Buddha Jumping over the Wall, 佛跳墙是福建莱里的一道名菜,

the number one dish of the province.亦被称作福建第一菜。

This dish is prepared with more than 20 main ingredients,这道莱的主料不下20种, including chicken, duck,, sea cucumber, dried scallop, tendon, shark lip, fish maw, and ham.

有鸡肉、鸭肉、海参、干贝、蹄筋、鱼唇、鱼肚、火腿 [注,原译文有误。] All these ingredients are placed into a ceramic pot, 所有的原料均放在一个陶罐里,

with cooking wine and chicken broth, and then cooked over a slow fire until the meat is tender and juicy and the soup becomes smooth and thick.

加上料酒和鸡汤后,用文火炖,一直炖到肉汁鲜美,柔润细腻,汤味浑厚。Then it is served with more than a dozen garnishes such as mushrooms, winter bamboo shoots and pigeon eggs.

配料10多种,有蘑菇、冬笋、鸽蛋等。

It is famous for leaving a lingering aftertaste in the mouth. 轻舔一口,余香满口。

The story behind the name of the specialty goes as follows: 这道特色菜的背后有这么一个故事:11,

Buddha Jumping over the Wall was created in a restaurant called Gathering Spring Garden in Fuzhou, Fujian, during the reign of the Qing Emperor, Guangxu(1875—1908).佛跳墙是由福州市一个叫聚春园的餐馆在清朝光绪年间发明的 It was first named Eight Treasures Stewed in a Pot早先菜名为八珍锅, and the name was later changed to Blessing and Longevity.而后改为福寿全。 One day, several scholars came to Gathering Spring Garden for a meal. 一日,几位秀才到聚春园饮酒。

When the dish was served, one of the scholars improvised a poem: 菜上桌时,其中一位即兴赋诗一首

“Fragrance spreads to the neighborhood once the lid lifts, “坛启荤香飘四邻,

One whiff and the Buddha jumps the wall, abandoning the Zen precepts.” 佛闻弃禅跳墙来。” Hence the name of the dish! 佛跳墙这一菜名便由此得来。

12,Warmth and Hospitality Expressed by Food 食物传达的温馨和盛情

In the eyes of Chinese, what is important about eating, especially at festivals, is to eat in a warm atmosphere.

在中国人看来,吃最重要的,尤其在过节时,莫过于是吃饭时的温馨气氛。 Often the young and old still sit in order of seniority, 吃饭时,年长的和年少的按照年龄大小依次坐好,

and the elders select food for the young while the young make toasts to the elders. 席间,长辈为晚辈夹菜,晚辈给长辈敬酒, [注,原译文有误。] Chinese people like to create a lively, warm, and harmonious atmosphere during meals. 营造出一派欢乐、温馨、和谐的气氛。

13,A hostess or host in China will apportion the best parts of the dishes to guests. 在中国,主人会把最好的莱分给客人。

Using a pair of serving chopsticks, she or he places the best part of steamed fish or the most tender piece of meat on the plate of the most important guest. 他们用公筷把清蒸鱼最好的部分或最嫩的肉夹给最重要的来宾。

Such a custom is still popular, especially among the elder generation, as a way of expressing respect, concern and hospitality.

这种习俗用来表达尊敬、关怀和好客之意,至今在老一辈的中国人中还是很流行。14, Such culinary customs have had a certain influence on the character of the Chinese people.

这种饮食习俗对中国人的性格也有几分影响。

In a sense, it has strengthened the collective spirit of the nation. 从某种意义上说,它增强了人们的集体主义精神。

At a party or a banquet, everyone first takes into consideration the needs of the group;

无论在聚会还是在宴席上,人们首先考虑大家的需求,

with the eating process also being a time to show humility and concern for others. 把吃饭当成是谦卑有礼和关怀他人的场合。15,

In China, food eaten during festivals is particularly important. 中国人特别在乎过节时吃什么,

At different festivals, people partake of different fare. 不同的节日吃不同的食物。

For example, on the eve of the Spring Festival, people in the north always eat jiaozi, meat and vegetable dumplings, at family reunions. 比如除夕夜全家团圆时,北方人吃肉饺或菜饺,

This is a way of bidding farewell to the old year and welcoming the New Year. 象征辞旧迎新。The Lantern Festival is a day of celebration, and on this day people like to eat yuanxiao, sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour, 元宵节吃元宵,元宵是糯米粉做的甜团子,

to symbolize family reunion and perfection.象征家庭团圆、美满。 At the Duanwu Festival, people eat zongzi, 端午节吃粽子,

glutinous rice wrapped in triangular shape in reed leaves, to commemorate the beloved poet Qu Yuan(c.339—c.278 BC),

人们用芦苇叶子把糯米包成三角形的粽子是为了纪念受人爱戴的诗人屈原。 who drowned himself in the Miluo River after being politically wronged.

屈原因遭政治迫害自沉于汨罗江。Legend has it that people at the time threw zongzi into the river

传说古时候人们把粽子投到江中,

in the hope that the water dragon would not take him away. 希望水中的龙不要带走他。

This later gradually developed into a custom of making and eating zongzi during the Duanwu Festival.

之后,端午节包粽子和吃粽子的习俗就慢慢形成了。


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