publicized cases.
今年初几个透明度颇高的案例中，有关世界各地女佣的悲惨状况引起了新闻媒体的关注。
20. ATTEMPT: make an attempt/in an attempt to
A．Attempts to break up this old system have been made in every presidential election in the past one hundred years．
在过去的100年中，人们极力想打破这个在历届总统大选中都实行的旧体制。 B．In an attempt to do sth, ...为了... do sth in an attempt to do 做某事是为了
21. AVAILABILITY: the availability of information/money
A．They do this in order that births occur with the arrival of the rains, the availability of grazing, and the mother's adequate supply of milk for the young.
它们这样做，是为了使生育正好与雨季相遇，并有大量的青草生长，这样母畜就有足够的奶水喂养幼仔。
22. AWARENESS: heighten/reduce/increase/sharpen/spark/obscure one's
awareness of
A．The Bhopal tragedy five years ago, when thousands of Indians died after an escape of chemicals, sparked a belated environmental awareness among India's middle classes.
5年前，因化学气体的泄漏而发生的伯帕尔惨剧使成千上万的印度人丧生。这个惨剧在印度的中产阶级中唤起了一种姗姗来迟的环保意识。
B．The computer could obscure man's awareness of the need to come to terms with himself．
电脑可能模糊了人需要对自身有限能力妥协的认识。
C．The intelligent listener must be prepared to increase his awareness of the musical material and what happens to it．
聪明的听众必须随时提高自己对音乐素材的认识以及有关这方面的意识。
23. BARRIER: a barrier to the development/progress
A．But it is the lack of political will and the ineptness of established
6
sociopolitical structures that are major barriers to the progress in this field．
但是，由于缺少政治意志加上现有的社会政治结构的不完善，这就极大地阻碍了这个领域的发展。
B．A strict schedule makes it impossible for the tourist to wander off on his own；and anyway，language is always a barrier to the contact with the local population．
紧凑的日程安排使得旅游者不可能自己随便闲逛。不管怎样，语言总会阻碍他们同当地人的接触。
24. BELIEF: express/foster/hold a belief in; there is a widely
accepted/held belief that; contrary to popular/general/growing belief
A．The enormous success of science has led to the general belief that scientists have developed and are employing effective methods in gaining new knowledge．
科学的巨大成功，使一般人认为，科学家人数在发展，他们在利用有效的方法获得新的知识。
25. BOREDOM: to escape/interrupt/relieve boredom
A．Only an occasional stop at a gasoline station or at a drugstore to read movie magazines interrupts their boredom．
去加油站溜溜歇歇脚或到药店走走，读读电影画报这样可以解解闷气。 B．This includes keeping them in more suitable cages, allowing social animals like dogs to live together and trying to reduce the boredom that these animals can experience.
其中包括把它们饲养在较合适的笼子里，让狗这一类爱结交的动物生活在一起，尽量减少它们的寂寞。
26. CAPACITY: ( have a ) capacity for development/organization A．Hitler，aided by a phenomenal capacity for organization and by the readiness of Germany's great industrialists to finance his campaign，shrewdly utilized the prevailing attitude to establish his power． 由于他非凡的组织能力以及德国大企业家们愿意资助他的竞选，希特勒精明
7
地利用了社会上的这种态度，建立了他的政权。
B．But of all our problems，the most immediate and pressing, the one which threatens to paralyze our very capacity to act，to obliterate our vision of the future，is the plight of the Negro of the center city． 但是，在所有我们最直接和紧迫的问题中，威胁到损伤我们的行动能力，威
胁到遮住我们对未来的展望的就是市中心黑人的困境。
27. CELEBRATION: a celebration of freedom/achievement/success A．Any celebration of what has been accomplished during our first two centuries also requires a commitment to what remains to be done during the third century．
庆祝在过去两个世纪里所取得的成就，同样需要对第三个世纪里所要做的事情承担起责任。
B．At this time，and in the place where so many great names in American history have trod，we renew this celebration of freedom in the full and certain knowledge that with it comes great responsibility． 此时，在美国历史上许多伟人所踩过的地方，我们重新庆祝获得的自由，确信随之而来的是巨大的责任。
28. CERTAINTY: be/become a certainty with/has certainty A．It can be said with certainty that… 可以断言 B．I had the certainty that he was at home.我确信他在家。
C．Some children learn best by rote，in structured environments with high certainty and strict discipline．0thers gain success in the less structured“permissive” atmosphere of a“progressive”school. 有的孩子在高度稳定和严明纪律的严格环境中以死记硬背取得好成绩，另有一些则在“先进”学校比较宽松的环境里获得了成功。
29. CHALLENGE: meet/accept the challenge
A．Because I had no formal training in any of these fields with the exception of engineering，I had to learn to meet each challenge of managing a business as it arose．
除了工程学，在所有这些领域里我都没受过正规的教育，所以每当出现一个工商管理方面的挑战时，我只好学着去迎接它。
8
30. CHANGE: undergo/bring about/inaugurate great/marked change A．After crossing several time zones，sleep rhythms undergo marked changes during the first night.
经过几个时区后，睡眠规律就会在第一个晚上发生很大变化。
31. CHOICE: make a wise choice
A．Not only do lies not provide any hope，they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health．
对病人隐瞒真情，不仅不能给予病人任何希望，还会侵犯病人的自由，使他们不能对自己的健康做出明智的选择。
B．When choices are made among alternatives such as those just described， it becomes plain that choosing one alternative often involve giving up another．
在上述几个方案中做出选择，显然，挑选一个意味着放弃另一个．
32. COMBINATION: (express/symbolize) a rare/ happy combination of A．He turned out to be an incredible combination of strength and relaxation on the track．
在这方面他证明是把力量和放松结合得最好的人。
B．The modern world is a combination of Eastern and Western ingredients which are inextricably fused．
现代世界是一个东西方紧密融合的结合体。
33．COMFORT: take/derive/seek comfort from/enjoy the comfort of A．People have taken comfort from the idea that our brains are magically unique and could never be duplicated，never mind surpassed，by machines． 人的大脑是神奇般独特的、不能被复制、不用担心会被机器超过，想到这一点，人们感到了极大的安慰。
34. COMMAND: acquire/has/secure a good command of
A．But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will.
9
但这种事并非一天就能做成的，也不是靠征服意志就能一蹴而就的。
35. COMMENT: make comment about
A．Old people are always saying that the young are not what they were. The same comment is made from generation to generation and it is always true．
老年人总是说年轻人不像他们同龄时那样了。一代一代人做出相同的评论，而且总是真实的。
36. COMPARAISON: in comparison with/to make comparison
A．Yet culture shock is relatively mild in comparison with the much more serious malady，future shock．
与更严重的弊证、即未来冲击相比，文化冲击相对来说要轻些。 B．The boredom that a man feels when he is doing necessary though uninteresting work is as nothing in comparison with the boredom that he feels when he has nothing to do with his days．
一个人当他在必须做无趣味的工作时所感到的乏味，和他成天无所事事而感到的乏味相比，几乎算不了什么。
C．The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made．
如果就智力进行比较的话，前两个因素对所有要比较的人必须是一样的。
37. COMPETITION: enter/get into competition with
in competition with/for
A．In the Olympic Games，women not only cannot win any medals in competition with men，the gulf between them is so great that they cannot even qualify for the contests with men．
在奥运会上，女运动员在同男的竞争中不仅不能夺奖牌，而且他们之间的鸿沟这么大，她们甚至没有资格和男运动员同场竞技。
B．It would also place him in competition with other workers，which would be playing into the bosses’hands．
这样做还会把他置于同其他工人的竞争中，而这正中老板之意。
38. CONCENTRATION: the concentration of
10