这个方法解决了这个问题，我的已经解决了，希望能给遇到过同样问题的朋友们解决困扰。
右健“我的电脑”中的“管理”项，打不开，出现“该文件没有与之关联的程序来执行该操作。请安装一个程序、或者，如果已安装程序，请在“默认程序”控制面板中创建关联。”
这是由于应用某些优化软件造成，其中可能是去掉桌面标箭头所致，处理方法如下：
=================================== Windows Registry Editor Version 5.00
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTCLSID{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}shellManage]
@=hex(2):40,00,25,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,72,00,6f,00,6f,00,74, 00,25,00,5c,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,6d,00, 79,00,63,00,6f,00,6d,00,70,00,75,00,74,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00,2c,00,2d, 00,34,00,30,00,30,00,00,00
\6f,00,74,00,25,00,5c,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c, 00,6d,00,79,00,63,00,6f,00,6d,00,70,00,75,00,74,00,2e,00,64,00,6c,00,6c,00, 2c,00,2d,00,34,00,30,00,30,00,00,00 \\
[HKEY_CLASSES_ROOTCLSID{20D04FE0-3AEA-1069-A2D8-08002B30309D}shellManagecommand]
@=hex(2):25,00,77,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,69,00,72,00,25,00,5c,00,73,00,79,00,73, 00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,6d,00,6d,00,63,00,2e,00,65,00,78,00, 65,00,20,00,2f,00,73,00,20,00,25,00,77,00,69,00,6e,00,64,00,69,00,72,00,25, 00,5c,00,73,00,79,00,73,00,74,00,65,00,6d,00,33,00,32,00,5c,00,63,00,6f,00, 6d,00,70,00,6d,00,67,00,6d,00,74,00,2e,00,6d,00,73,00,63,00,00,00
======================================================
复制虚线里边的内容，放入记事本，另存为（system.reg)文件，双击导入！