enjoyed by many American Indian natives over matters such as education. This is a position supported by the Office of Hawaiian Affairs (OHA), a state agency set up in 1978 to represent the natives’ interests and which has now become the moderate face of the native sovereignty movement. More ambitious is the Ka Lahui group, which declared itself a new nation in 1987 and wants full, official independence from the US.
But if Hawaiian natives are given greater autonomy, it is far from clear how many people this will apply to. The state authorities only count as native those people with more than 50 per cent Hawaiian blood.
Native demands are not just based on political grievances (苦衷), though. They also want their claim on 660,000 hectares (公顷) of Hawaiian crown land (公有土地) to be accepted. It is on this issue that native groups are facing most opposition from the state authorities. In 1993, the state government paid the OHA US$136 million in back rent (欠租) on the crown land and many officials say that by accepting this payment the agency has given up its claims to legally own the land. The OHA has vigorously disputed this.
71) Which of the following is/are referred to as part of Hawaii’s native minority?
A. The Ka Lahui group.
B. People of Filipino origin.
D. People with 50% Hawaiian blood.
C. Hawaii’s ethnic groups.
72) Which of the following statements is true of the Hawaiian natives?
A. Sixty percent of them are homeless or unemployed. B. Their life span is 5 years shorter than the average American. C. Their life is worse than that of other ethnic groups in Hawaii. D. They are the only native group without sovereignty in the US. 73) Which of the following in NOT true of John Waihee?
A. He is Hawaii’s first native governor.
11
B. He has set up a sovereignty advisory committee. C. He suggested the native people decide for themselves. D. He is against re-establishing a sovereign Hawaiian nation.
74) Which of the following hold(s) a moderate attitude on the matter of sovereignty?
A. The Committee set up by John Waihee. C. The Ka Lahui group.
B. The Office of Hawaiian Affairs. D. The Hawaiian natives.
75) Various groups of the Hawaiian natives demand the following EXCEPT ______.
A. a greater degree of autonomy within the state C. a claim on Hawaiian crown land
Passage 3
Birth Order
A considerable body of research has demonstrated a correlation between birth order and aspects such as temperament and behavior, and some psychologists believe that birth order significantly affects the development of personality. Psychologist Alfred Adler was a pioneer in the study of the relationship between birth order and personality. A key point in his research and in the hypothesis that he developed on the basis of it was that it was not the actual numerical birth position that affected personality; instead, it was the similar responses in large numbers of families to children in specific birth order positions that had an effect.
Numerous studies since Adler’s have been conducted on the effect of birth order and personality. These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different categories: first-born, second-born and/or middle, last, and only child (独生子女).
Studies have consistently shown that first-born children tend to exhibit similar positive and negative personality traits.
B. more back rent on the crown land
D. a greater say in managing their own affairs
12
First-borns have consistently been linked with academic achievement in various studies. First-borns have been found to be more responsible and assertive than those born in other birth-order positions and tend to rise to positions of leadership more often than others. However, studies have shown that first-borns tend to be more subject to stress and were considered problem children more often than later-borns.
Second-born and/or middle children demonstrate markedly different tendencies from first-borns. They tend to feel inferior to the older child or children because it is difficult for them to comprehend that their lower level of achievement is a function of age rather than ability, and they often try to succeed in areas other than those in which their older sibling (兄弟姊妹) or siblings excel (胜过他人). They tend to be more trusting, accepting, and focused on others than the more self-centered first-borns, and they tend to have a comparatively higher level of success in team sports than do first-borns or only children, who more often excel in individual sports.
The last-born child is the one who tends to be the eternal baby of the family and thus often exhibits a strong sense of security. Last-borns collectively achieve the highest degree of social success and demonstrate the highest levels of self-esteem of all the birth-order positions. They often exhibit less competitiveness than older brothers and sisters and are more likely to take part in less competitive group games or in social organizations such as sororities (妇女社团) and fraternities (兄弟会).
Only children tend to exhibit some of the main characteristics of first-borns and some of the characteristics of last-borns. Only children tend to exhibit the strong sense of security and self-esteem exhibited by last-borns while, like first-borns, they are more achievement oriented and more likely than middle-or last-borns to achieve academic success. However, only children tend to have the most problems establishing close relationships and exhibit a lower need for affiliation (亲密关系) than other children.
76) What is stated in paragraph 1 about Adler?
13
A. B. C. D.
He was one of the first to study the effect of birth order on personality.
He believed that it was the actual numerical birth order that affected personality. He had found that the responses by family members had little to do with personality. He was the only one to study birth order.
77) The author includes the idea that “These studies have tended to classify birth order types into four different
categories” in paragraph 2 in order to ______.
A. announce what ideas will be presented in the following paragraphs B. show how other studies differed from Adler’s C. explain how Adler classified his work
D. describe the various ways that different studies have categorized birth order groups
78) Which of the following is NOT true, according to the passage?
A.
First-borns tend to do well in individual sports.
B. Middle children tend to have a preference for team sports. C. Last-borns tend to prefer games with fierce competition. D. Only children tend to prefer individual over team sports.
79) The phrase “more achievement oriented” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
A. more directly involved C. more skilled as leaders
B. more focused on accomplishments D. more aware of surroundings
80) Which of the following would be most likely to have a successful career but few close friendships?
A. A second-born
V. 英汉翻译 （English-Chinese Translation）15%
B. A middle child
C. A last-born
D. An only child
14
81) If an environment is created wherein non-Chinese feel uncomfortable, they will not stay. 82) one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.
83) Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families.
Reading exercises
84) One of the interests I share with my Chinese husband is sports and we enjoy the feeling of breaking into a sweat. 85) I was so positively affected by last summer’s conference and I decided to return this year.
VI. 写作 （Writing） 10%
86) Directions: For this part, you are allowed twenty minutes to write a composition on the topic I Like to Listen to Music. You should write 100-120 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:
1. 我爱听音乐, 理由是……
2. 我最爱听关于友谊的歌曲, 因为…… 3. 音乐在生活中是必不可少的。
Answers：
1b 2d 3d 4a 5c 6c 7d 8b 9c 10d
11a 12c 13c 14c 15d 16a 17b 18d 19a 20c 21a 22b 23d 24d 25b 26b 27c 28a 29a 30a 31c 32d 33c 34b 35d 36b 37d 38a 39b 40a 41. B 51. D 61. A
42. C 52. C 62. B
43. C 53. B 63. B
44. B 54. A 64. B
45. B 55. D 65. D
46. A 56. B
47. B 57. C
48. C 58. A
49. D 59. D
50. A 60. C
66. C 67. D 68. D 69. B 70. B 71. A 72. C 73. D 74. B 75. B
15
76. A 77. A 78. C 79. B 80. D 81） 如果出现外国人感到不舒服的环境，他们就会离开。
82） 阅读训练人的鉴赏力/眼睛，说话训练人的口才，写作训练人的思维。 83） 人们拼命想得到工作，不管什么工作，只要能维持一家的生活就行。
84）我和我的中国丈夫的共同爱好之一就是喜欢运动。我们感到那种通过运动出汗的感觉真好。 85） 去年夏天的会议/讨论会让我受益匪浅， 我决定再来参加今年的会议/讨论会。
16