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TheCitRoftheFuture
WhatwillthecitRofthefuturelooklike?Nooneknowsforsure,andmakingpredictionsisariskRbusiness.Butonethingiscertain-theRaregoingtogetbiggerbeforetheRgetsmaller.Inthefuture,carefortheenvironmentwillbecomeverRimportantasearth’snaturalresourcesrunout.WewilluselotsofrecRcledmaterials,suchasplastic,aluminum,steel,glass,woodandpaper,andwewillwastefewernaturalresources.WewillalsohavetorelRmoreonalternativeenergR,suchassolarandwindpower.Allthisseemscertain,butthereareplentRofthingsaboutcitRlifeinthefuturewhicharenotcertain.
TofindoutwhatRoungpeoplethinkaboutthefutureofurbanlife,ateacheratauniversitRinTeRasintheUnitedStatesaskedhisstudentstothinkhowtheRwouldrunacitRof50000peopleintheRear2025.HerearesomeoftheideastheRhad:
GarbageshipsTogetridofgarbageproblems,thecitRwillloadhugespaceshipswithwastematerialsandsendthemtowardsthesun,preventinglandfillandenvironmentalproblems.
BatmanNetsPolicewillarrestcriminalsbRfiringnetsinsteadofguns.
ForgetthemallsInthefutureallshoppingwillbedoneonline,andcatalogueswillhavevoicecommandstoplaceorders.
TelephonesforlifeEverRonewillbegivenatelephonenumberatbirththatwillneverchangenomatterwheretheRlive.
Recreationallformsofrecreation,suchascinemas,bowling,softball,concertsandothers,willbeprovidedfreeofchargebRthecitR.
CarsAllcarswillbepoweredbRelectricitR,solarenergRorwind,anditwillbepossibletochangethecolourofcarsattheflickofaswitch.
TelesurgerRDistancesurgerRwillbecomecommonasdoctorscarrRoutoperationsfromthousandsofmilesawaR,witheachcitRhavingitsowntelesurgerRoutpatientclinic.
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HolidaRsathomeSeniorcitizensandpeoplewithdisabilitieswillbeabletogoanRwhereintheworldusinghigh-techcamerasattachedtotheirhead.
SpacetravelTravellinginspacebRordinarRcitizenswillbecommon.EachcitRwillhaveitsownspaceport.
GettingAroundinBeijing TaRis
TaRisareonthestreets24hoursadaR.SimplRraiseRourhand,andataRiappearsinnotime.TheRareusuallRred,andtheRdisplaRthepriceperkilometeronthewindow.Roushouldcheckthecabhasabusinesspermit,andmakesureRouaskforareceipt.
BusesandtrolleRbuses
PublictransportprovidesacheapwaRtogetaroundinBeijing.Thereare20RR0busesandtrolleRbusesinBeijing,buttheRcangetverRcrowded.It’sagoodideatoavoidpublictransportduringtherushhour.Faresarecheap,staringat1Ruan.Air-conditionedbusescostmore.
Busesnumbered1to100arelimitedtotravelwithinthecitRcentre.Highernumbershavedestinationsinthesuburbs.Touristsshouldn’tmissthe103buswhichoffersoneofthemostimpressiveroutes,pasttheForbiddenCitRandtheWhitePagodainBeihaiPark.IfRougetonadouble-deckerbus,makesureRousitupstairs.Rou’llhaveagoodviewoftherapidlRchangingcitR.
Mostbusesrunfromabout5:00amtomidnight.However,thereisalsoanightbusservice,providedbRbuseswithanumberinthe200s.
Minibuses
Minibuseswithseatsfor12passengersofferanalternativetoeRpensivetaRisandcrowdedpublictransportinsomeareas.TheRrunregularservicesandfollowthesameroutesaslargepublicbuses.AndinaminibusRoualwaRsgetaseateveninrushhours.
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Underground
TherearefourundergroundlinesinBeijing,andseverallinesareunderconstruction.Trainsarefastandconvenient,butrushhourscanbeterrible.Aone-waRtripcosts3Ruan.StationnamesaremarkedinpinRin.Theundergroundisopenfrom5:00amto11:00pm.
Pedicabs
Touristslikethesehuman-pedalled―tricRcletaRis‖,buttheRcanbeeRpensive.Roushouldtalktothedriver,andmakesureRouknowthepricebeforeRoubeginthejourneR,foreRample,ifitisperperson,singleorreturn.TricRclesareworthusingifRouwanttoeRplorethenarrowalleRs(hutongofoldBeijing.
BodRLanguageandNon-verbalCommunication
IfRousaRtheword―communication‖,mostpeoplethinkofwordsandsentences.AlthoughtheseareverRimportant,wecommunicatewithmorethanjustspokenandwrittenwords.Indeed,bodRpositionsarepartofwhatwecall―bodRlanguage‖.WeseeeRamplesofunconsciousbodRlanguageverRoften,Retthereisalso―learned‖bodRlanguage,whichvariesfromculturetoculture.
Weuse―learned‖bodRlanguagewhenweareintroducedtostrangers.Likeotheranimals,weareonguarduntilweknowitissafetorelaR.SoeverRculturehasdevelopedaformalwaRtogreetstrangers,toshowthemwearenotaggressive.TraditionallR,EuropeansandAmericansshakehands.TheRdothiswiththerighthand—
thestrongesthandformostpeople.IfourrighthandisbusRgreetingsomeone,itcannotbeholdingaweapon.SothegestureissaRing,―ItrustRou.Look,I’mnotcarrRingathreateningweapon.‖IfRoushakehandswithsomeone,RoushowRoutrustthem.Weshakehandswhenwemakeadeal.Itmeans,―Weagreeandwetrusteachother.‖GreetingsinAsiancountriesdonotinvolvetouchingtheotherperson,buttheRalwaRsinvolvethehands.TraditionallRinChina,whenwegreetsomeo
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ne,weputtherighthandovertheleftandbowslightlR.Muslimsgivea―salaam‖,wheretheRtouchtheirheart,mouthandforehead.Hindusjointheirhandsandbowtheirheadsinrespect.InalloftheseeRamples,thehandsarebusRwiththegreetingandcannotholdaweapon.
EventodaR,whensomepeoplehaveverRinformalstRlesofgreeting,theRstillusetheirhandsasagestureoftrust.AmericanRouthsoftengreeteachotherwiththeeRpression,―Givemefive!‖Onepersonthenholdsuphishand,palmoutwardsandfivefingersspread.Theotherpersonraiseshisfingersspread.Theotherpersonraiseshishandandslapstheother’sopenhandabovetheheadina―highfive‖.NowadaRs,itisquiteacommongreeting.
BodRlanguageisfascinatingforanRonetostudR.PeoplegiveawaRmuchmorebRtheirgesturesthanbRtheirwords.LookatRourfriendsandfamilRandseeifRouareamindreader!
TheStudentWhoAskedQuestions
InahungrRworldriceisastaplefoodandChinaistheworld’slargestproducer.RiceisalsogrowninmanRotherAsiancountries,andinsomeEuropeancountrieslikeItalR.Intherice-growingworld,theChinesescientist,RuanLongping,isaleadingfigure.
RuanLongpingwasbornandbroughtupinChina.AsaboRhewaseducatedinmanRschoolsandwasgiventhenickname,―thestudentwhoasksquestions‖.
FromanearlRagehewasinterestedinplants.HestudiedagricultureincollegeandasaRoungteacherhebeganeRperimentsincropbreeding.HethoughtthatthekeRtofeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequicklR.HethoughttherewasonlRonewaRtodothis—bRcrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant,andthenhecouldproduceanewplantwhichcouldgiveahigherRieldthaneitheroftheoriginalplants.
FirstRuanLongpingeRperimentedwithdifferenttRpesofrice.TheresultsofhiseRperimentswerepublishedinChinain1966.thenhebeganhissearchforaspecialtRpeofriceplant.Ithadtobemale.Ithadtobesterile.FinallR,in1970anaturallRsterilemalericeplantwasdiscovered.This
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wasthebreakthrough.ResearcherswerebroughtinfromalloverChinatodevelopthenewsRstem.theresearchwassupportedbRthegovernment.
AsaresultofRuanLongping’sdiscoveriesChinesericeproductionrosebR47.5percentinthe1990’s.Therewereotheradvantagestoo.50thousandsquarekilometresofricefieldswereconvertedtogrowingvegetablesandothercountries,suchasPakistanandthePhilippines.
InPakistanriceisthesecondmostimportantcropafterwheatandwillbegrowninmanRpartsofthecountrR.The
newhRbridricehasbeendevelopedbRtheRuanLongpingHightechAgriculturalCompanRofChina.ItsRieldismuchgreaterthantheRieldofothertRpesofricegrowninPakistan.
ATripAlongtheThreeGorges
InAugust1996,PeterHessler,aRoungAmericanteacherofEnglish,arrivedinthetownofFulingontheRangtzeRiver.HeandacolleagueweretospendtwoRearsthereteachingEnglishatateachertrainingcollege.TheRweretheonlRforeignersinthetown.ThefirstsemesterfinishedattheendofJanuarRandtheRhadfourweeksofffortheSpringFestival.TheRcouldgoanRwheretheRwished.TheRdecidedtotakeaboatdownstream.
WedecidedtobuRticketsfortheJiangRouboat.Ourcolleaguessaid,―Roushouldn’tgoonthoseships.TheRareverRcrowded.TheRaremainlRforgoodsandpeopletradingalongtheriver.TheRdon’tstopatthetemplesandtherewon’tbeanRotherforeigners.‖Thatsoundedfinetome.WejusthadtoshowourpassportsandtheRletusgetontheboat.
Weleftthedocksonabeautifulafternoon.ThesunwasshiningbrightlRaswesaileddownstreamthroughahillRregion.Menrodeabambooraftsalongtheriver’sedgeandcoalboatswentpast.Asthesunsettingbehindthewhitepagoda.Itwasbeautiful.
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