初中英语定语从句用法及配套练习
一、定语从句的概念 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，定语从句一般放在先行词的后面 二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词，常见的关系代词包括that，which，who（宾格whom，所有格whose）等，关系副词包括where，when，why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的重要成分。 三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系，定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词，主句与从句不用逗号分开，从句不可省去，非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开，起补充说明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。 四、关系代词的用法 1. that 既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语） The coat （that） I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。例如： The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。（作主语）
The film （which） we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。（作宾语）
3.who，whom用于指人，who 用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom， 也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。（作主语）
Who is the teacher （whom） Li Ming is talking to？正在与李明谈话的老师是谁？（作宾语） 注意：
（1）当定语从句中含有介词，介词放在句末时，who，that，which可省略，但介词在关系代词前时，只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。 Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
（2）含有介词的固定动词词组中，介词不可前置，只能放在原来的位置上。例如： This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。 （3）that 作介词的宾语时，介词不能放它的前面，只能放在从句中动词的后面。 The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。 （4）关系词只能用that的情况
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代词时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？
c.先行词被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等词修饰时，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
his is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。 d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时，只能用that， 而不用which.例如
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句，为避免重复，只能用that.例如： Who is the girl that is crying？ 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？
f.主句是there be 结构，修饰主语的定语从句用that，而不用which.例如 There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的 （5）关系词只能用which，而不用that 的情况
a.先行词为that， those时，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What‘s that which is under the desk？ 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ b.关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that.例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。 c.引导非限制性定语从句，用which， 而不用that.例如
Tom came back， which made us happy. 汤姆回来了，这使我们很高兴。 五、关系副词的用
（1）when指时间，其先行词表示时间，在句中作时间状语。例如 This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
（2）where指地点，其先行词表示地点，在句中作地点状语。例如： This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
（3）why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因状语作用。例如
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到 练习 I.单项
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father？ -Yes， he‘s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom 2. Is this the river _____I can swim？
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know. A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day？ A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree C. who agrees D. which agree 6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate A. who‘s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister. A. which； is B. whom； was C. who； is D. who； was 9. I love places ______the people are really friendly. A. that B. which C. where D. who 10. The world ______ is made up of matter. A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in.
1 ---Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher? ---Oh! It’s Mr Baker, our maths teacher. A. he B. that C. whom D. which
2. I hate the people ________ don’t help others when they are in trouble. A. who B. which C. they D. where
3. The foreigner _________ visited our school is from Canada. A. which B. when C. who D. whom
4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing. A. who B. whom C. he D. which
5. This is the place _____I have ever visited. A. there B. when C. where D. which
6. Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting. A. that B. which C. why D. when 7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life. A. that B. which C. where D. why 8. He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived. A. when B. where C. that D. which
9. He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family. A. when B. where C. that D. on which
10. Mr. White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which
11. He got to the village _______ his family once lived before liberation. A. that B. which C. when D. where 12. This is the house _______ I want to buy. A. in which B. that C. whose D. where
13. This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked. A. which B. that C. when D. where
14. He didn’t tell me the place _______ he was born. A. that B. which C. when D. where
15. He lived in a small village, ______ was a long way from the railway station. A. that B. which C. where D. when
Ⅱ、用适当的关系代词that， which， who， whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool‘s Day in the west. 3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn‘t you see the man ______I talked with just now？ 1. The house _______ we live in is very big.
2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday.
4. The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer.
5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited. 6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him.
7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class. 8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children. 9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?
10. I’ll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.
1. I still remember the night _______I first came to the house. 2. I'll never forget the day________ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _______is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _______I spent with your family. 5. I'll never forget the last day______ we spent together. 6. This is the school ______I used to study.
7. Do you still remember the place______ we visited last week?
8. Do you still remember the place_______ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_____is famous for the West Lake? 10. Have you ever bee to Hangzhou, ______lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,______live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,____is the capital of China.
13. There was a time ______there were slaves in the USA. 14. It is the third time ______you have made the same mistake. 15. It was in the street _____I met John yesterday.
16. It was about 600 years ago____the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. 17. The moment _____I saw you, I recognized(认出)you. 18. This is the very novel about____we've talked so much. 19. This is the way____he did it.
20. Who is the student _____was late for school today? 21. Who _____knows him wants to make friends with him? 22. What else was there in my brother____you didn't like? 23. He lives in the room____window faces to the south. 24. He lives in the room, the window_____faces to the south. 25. This is Mr. John for____son I brought a book yesterday.
26. This is Mr. John for_____I bought a book yesterday.
27. This is the hour_____the place is always full of women and children. 28. And there is one point ______I'd like your advice.
29. Winter is the time of year______the days are short and nights are long.
30. I hope you will find this valley a beautiful place____you may spend your weekend.
过去完成时
1. 单项选择
1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.
A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone
2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was sever?
A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done
3. I ______ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 4. She ______lived here for ______ years.
A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of
5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _____ the dinner already.
A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked
6. She said she __________ the principle already
A .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen
7. She said her family _______ themselves ______ the army during the war. A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with
8. By the time he was ten years old, he _________.
A. has completed university B. has completed the university
B. had completed an university D. had completed university
9. She had written a number of books ______ the end of last year. A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He _____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.
A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 11. What _______ Annie ____ by the time he was ten?
A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done 12 .He ___ in the factory for three years before he joined the Army.